Macropsis

Tishechkin, Dmitri Yu., 2015, Taxonomic study of Central Asian species of the genus Macropsis Lewis, 1836 (Homoptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Cicadellidae: Macropsinae). III: Descriptions of two new willow-dwelling species, new synonym, annotated check-list, and key to species, Zootaxa 3985 (1), pp. 31-52 : 39-40

Key to species of Macropsis of Central Asia (males)

Species identification in the genus Macropsis is very difficult because of the uniform morphology of male genitalia. Some species differ in the shape of 2nd abdominal apodemes, but are otherwise similar in appearance, others differ in color but are similar in the shape of the apodemes. European species feeding on Salicaceae differ in the number of preapical teeth on the 2nd valvulae of the ovipositor ( Tishechkin, 2002a), but Central Asian species are indistinguishable in this trait. For this reason in species dwelling on Salicaceae with the exception of M. viridobrunnea Dlab. identification of females not associated with males, as a rule, is impossible. Females are also indistinguishable in the two species dwelling on oleaster. Females from other species groups in most cases can be identified by appearance using color photographs ( Figs. 105–148 ). In most species, females are similar to males, but have somewhat lighter coloration. If females are strongly different from males, this is noted in the key.

Both 2nd abdominal apodemes and coloration are quite variable in Macropsis . For this reason investigation of several specimens is advisable for reliable identification. Data on host associations are also an aid in species diagnostics.

1. 2nd tergal apodemes elongated, with more or less expanded tips, separated by large round notch (Figs. 149–150). Body and forewings brown ( Fig. 105 ). ♂, 3.6–3.9 mm, ♀, 4.2–4.5 mm. On Ulmus ............................. M. illota (Horv.) .

- Combination of characters is different...................................................................... 2

2. 2nd tergal apodemes wide, rounded, separated by small round notch (Fig. 154). Pale yellowish with black pattern, forewings semi-transparent with black veins ( Figs. 106–107 ). ♂, 3.2–3.4 mm, ♀, 3.4–3.9 mm. On Spiraea ......... M. sibirica Kusn.

- Combination of characters is different...................................................................... 3

3. Penis shaft in side view broad, usually bent at obtuse angle (Figs. 183–184, 192–193, 204–205, 222–223, 230–231, 238–239, 245–246, 252–253, 259–260)............................................................................. 4

- Penis shaft in side view narrow, if more or less broad, bent at right angle (Figs. 67–71, 76, 85–86, 263–264, 276–277, 289, 292, 295, 297, 299, 302)................................................................................... 17

4. 2nd tergal apodemes elongate, broad, broadly separated by an oval or U-shaped notch (Figs. 157–160). Body pale green or grayish green, forewings infumose or transparent ( Figs. 108–110 ). ♂, 4.0– 4.4 mm, ♀, 4.7–5.2 mm. On Populus alba .................................................................................................. M. vicina (Horv.)

- 2nd tergal apodemes of another shape....................................................................... 5

5. 2nd tergal apodemes narrow, separated by very broad rounded notch (Figs. 165–168), sternal apodemes usually with expanded bases and wide tips, strongly convergent or even somewhat overlapping with each other (Figs. 169–173). Frontal spot absent. Usually green, occasionally brown or reddish-brown ( Figs. 111–115 ). ♂, 4.4–4.8 mm, ♀, 5.0– 5.6 mm. On black poplars......................................................................................... M. validiuscula Dub.

- 2nd tergal apodemes broad, separated by more narrow notch (Figs. 174–178, 185–186, 194–195, 198–199, 206–207, 216–217, 224–225, 232–233, 240–241, 247–248, 254–255), sternal apodemes usually more narrow. If tergal apodemes more or less narrow (Figs. 174–175, 211–213), body size either smaller (♂ <4.0 mm, ♀ <5.0 mm) or head with frontal spot............. 6

6. Male brown or yellowish, usually with dark pattern on pro- and mesonotum ( Figs. 116–117, 119 )...................... 7

- Male green, sometimes forewings more or less infumose ( Fig. 123 ) or even almost entirely black ( Fig. 124 ).............. 9

7. Male yellowish, with dense dark pattern on pro- and mesonotum ( Fig. 116 ), 2nd tergal apodemes separated by rather wide gap

(Figs. 174–178). Female yellowish with dark pattern, reddish brown or green, frontal spot usually present. ♂, 4.5–4.7 mm, ♀, 5.1–5.4 mm. On introduced Siberian and Far-Eastern poplar species................................. M. suspecta Tish. - Male brown with dark pattern ( Figs. 117, 119 ), 2nd tergal apodemes separated by rather narrow gap (Figs. 185–186, 194–195)....................................................................................................8

8. Grayish brown or brown, usually with dark pattern on face ( Fig. 117 ). 2nd sternal apodemes usually elongated, with more or less straight inner margins (Figs. 196–197). Female similar to male or reddish brown, black pattern less developed or entirely absent ( Fig. 118 ). ♂, 3.6–4.2 mm, ♀, 4.0– 4.4 mm. On Salix rosmarinifolia ........................... M. impura (Boh.) .

- Reddish brown to brown, without dark pattern on face ( Fig. 119 ). 2nd sternal apodemes wide triangular, usually short, with rounded projections on inner margins (Figs. 187-191). Female similar to male or green with various dark pattern, crown, pro-, mesonotum, and mesonotal margins of forewings usually black, brown or pale yellowish ( Figs. 120–122 ). ♂, 4.0– 4.5 mm, ♀, 4.6–5.1 mm. On different willow species................................................. M. viridobrunnea Dlab.

9. 2nd sternal apodemes with distinct projections at base on inner margins (Figs. 200-203). Penis in side view comparatively short and broad (Figs. 204–205). Forewings transparent ( Fig. 123 ) or infumose, sometimes almost black ( Fig. 124 ). Female similar to male, but with forewings less infumose or transparent ( Fig. 125 ). ♂, 3.4–3.9 mm, ♀, 4.1–4.5 mm. On S. niedzwieckii ........................................................................................... M. abdullaevi Dub.

- 2nd sternal apodemes without projections at base on inner margins, if very rarely, with projections (Fig. 249), penis in side view comparatively narrow (Figs. 252–253). Forewings never black, sometimes only infumose in distal part................. 10

10. 2nd sternal apodemes with tips separated by gap or, very rarely, touching each other (Figs. 214–215, 218–221, 226–229, 234– 237, 242–244, 249–251, 256–258)........................................................................ 11

- 2nd sternal apodemes with tips overlapping or, very rarely, only touching each other (Figs. 208-210). ♂, 3.4–3.8 mm; ♀, 4.2– 4.6 mm. On S. alba ........................................................................ M. milkoi sp. n.

11. 2nd sternal apodemes strongly bent ventrally, convergent, separated by small round notch (Figs. 214–215). 2nd tergal apodemes comparatively narrow and elongated, slightly bent inwards (Figs. 211–213). ♂, 3.5–3.9 mm; ♀, 4.1–4.7 mm. On Salix sp.......................................................................................... M. anufrievi sp. n.

- 2nd sternal apodemes directed more or less dorsally, separated by wider notch (Figs. 218–221, 226–229, 234–237, 242–244, 249–251, 256–258). 2nd tergal apodemes usually wider and shorter (Figs. 216–217, 224–225, 232–233, 240–241, 247–248, 254–255)............................................................................................ 12

12. 2nd sternal apodemes with tips separated by narrow gap, sometimes almost touching each other (Figs. 218–221, 226–229).. 13

- 2nd sternal apodemes usually with tips separated by wide gap (Figs. 234–237, 242–244, 249–251, 256–258), if very rarely, with tips almost touching each other (Fig. 251), penis in side view comparatively narrow (Fig. 252–258) and coloration bright green.............................................................................................. 14

13. 2nd sternal apodemes rather narrow (Figs. 216–217). Bright yellowish green. On S. pycnostachya . ♂, 3.7–4.1 mm; ♀, 4.3–4.9 mm .................................................................................... M. asiatica Dub.

- 2nd sternal apodemes wider, especially at the base (Figs. 224–225). Paler, without yellowish tinge. ♂, 3.8–4.3 mm; ♀, 4.4–5.0 mm. On S. turanica ......................................................................... M. iliensis Mit.

14. Penis stem in side view broadest in the middle (Figs. 238–239). ♂, 3.5–3.7 mm; ♀, 3.9–4.6 mm. On S. niedzwieckii .............................................................................................. M. ibragimovi Dub.

- Penis stem in side view almost of same width at base as in middle (Figs. 245–246, 252–253, 259–260). ♂> 3.8 mm; ♀> 4.5 mm ................................................................................................ 15

15. 2nd tergal apodemes with well-defined incisions on the inner margins (Figs. 240–241), sternal apodemes with slightly expanded truncate lobes (Figs. 242–244). Bright green, male usually with black frontal spot. ♂, 3.9–4.3 mm; ♀, 4.5–4.9 mm. On S. alba ........................................................................................ M. ocellata Prov.

- 2nd tergal apodemes with concave inner margins, but without well-defined incisions (Figs. 247–248, 254–255), sternal apodemes usually with rounded lobes (Figs. 249–251, 256–258)................................................... 16

16. 2nd tergal apodemes shorter than width at base (Figs. 247–248). Sternal apodemes more or less triangular, separated by comparatively narrow notch (Figs. 249–251). Bright green, in male forewings usually more or less infumose. ♂, 3.8–4.3 mm; ♀, 4.6– 5.0 mm. On different willow species....................................................... M. tarbagataica Mit.

- 2nd tergal apodemes of the same width and length or slightly longer than width at base (Figs. 254–255). Sternal apodemes slen- der, almost parallel-sided or narrow triangular, separated by broad U-shaped notch (Figs. 256–258). ♂, 4.1–4.4 mm; ♀, 4.6–5.1 mm. On S. alba ........................................................................ M. tienschanica Tish.

17. Both sexes pale greenish, unmarked ( Fig. 126 ). On Elaeagnus ................................................. 18

- Coloration different, if green, male always with dark pattern on face and pronotum................................. 19

18. 2nd tergal apodemes wide, of approximately same length as width at base, separated by narrow notch. Sternal apodemes wide, convergent, separated by round notch (Fig. 66). Styles with blunt tips (Figs. 72–75, 77–79). ♂, 3.3–3.7 mm; ♀, 3.9–4.3 mm ......................................................................................... M. elaeagni Em.

- 2nd tergal apodemes elongate, strongly convergent, separated by oval notch, usually with more or less expanded tips almost touching each other (Figs. 80–82). Sternal apodemes slender, with parallel inner margins and slightly convergent tips, separated by broad rectangular notch (Figs. 83–84). Styles with elongated pointed tips (Figs. 87–88). ♂, 3.0– 3.3 mm; ♀, 3.6–3.9 mm ................................................................................ M. elaeagnicola Dub.

19. 2nd tergal apodemes situated close to each other, separated by narrow gap (Figs. 261–262, 275). On Berberis ............. 20

- 2nd tergal apodemes separated by wide notch (Figs. 288, 290–291, 294, 296, 298, 300–301, 305)...................... 21

20. Outer outline of distal part of penis in side view straight or somewhat sinuate (Figs. 263–264). Pygofer processes rather thick and straight (Figs. 265–267). Styles with short tips bent inwards (Figs. 268–270). ♂, 3.7–4.3 mm; ♀, 5.0– 5.4 mm.

Figures

FIGURES 105 – 128. Macropsis spp., lateral view.

FIGURES 129 – 148. Macropsis spp., lateral view.