Titiotus californicus Simon

Platnick, Norman I. & Ubick, Darrell, 2008, A Revision of the Endemic Californian Spider Genus Titiotus Simon (Araneae, Tengellidae), American Museum Novitates 3608 (1), pp. 1-36 : 4-10

Titiotus californicus Simon

Figures 1–11 ; map 1

Titiotus californicus Simon, 1897: 113 , fig. 97 (female holotype from California, no specific locality, in the Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, examined via sketches and detailed description by the late W. Peck).

NOTE: Simon did not specify the source of the female holotype, but it may have been provided by George Marx. The Marx collection in the USNM includes two females of this species, labelled with the nomen nudum Cybaeus californicus . Unfortunately, even if this was the source of Simon’s specimen, the type locality remains unspecified, as the USNM females are labelled only as ‘‘occidental Cal.’’.

DIAGNOSIS: Males resemble those of the more northern species T. hansii but have a more pronounced dorsal extension on the middle prong of the tibial apophysis (fig. 9); females also resemble those of T. hansii but have a wider epigynal septum that is more narrowed anteriorly (fig. 10).

MALE: Total length 10. Carapace light brown, with slightly darker triangular markings radiating from thoracic groove to intercoxal areas; abdomen pale gray; femora light brown, more distal leg segments grading to reddish brown on metatarsi and tarsi. Leg spination: femora: I p0-3-1, r1-2-1; II r1-2-1; III r1-1-2; IV p1-2-1, r0-1-2; tibiae: I, II d1-0- 1, v4-4-4, r1-1-0; III r0-1-1; metatarsi: I, II p1- 1-0, r1-1-0; III p1-2-2, v2-2-1p, r1-1-1; IV p1- 2-2, v2-2- 1p. Embolus expanded prolaterally, arched distally; median apophysis with subdistal projection; middle prong of tibial apophysis bifid, with enlarged, distally expanded dorsal branch (figs. 7–9).

FEMALE: Total length 12. Coloration as in male. Leg spination: femora II p1-2-1; tibiae I, II r1-1-0; metatarsi: I r1-0-0; III p1-2-2, r1-2-2. Epigynal septum wide, occupying most of epigynal width; posterior ducts transverse (figs. 10, 11).

MATERIAL EXAMINED: United States: CAL- IFORNIA: Alameda Co.: no specific locality, May (AMNH) , 13; Berkeley , May 22, 1945 ( R. Smith, AMNH), 1♀, Aug. 1945 ( R. Smith, AMNH), 13, July 7, 1969, in basement (J. Smith, CAS), 1♀, May 1976 ( UCB), 13, Apr. 15, 1978 (N. Lavrov, CAS), 1♀, July 18, 2001, under pillow in bed (H. Netiv, UCR), 1♀; Berkeley Hills , May 5, 1978, in house ( R. McGinley, UCB), 13; Camp Ohlone , Sunol Regional Wilderness , June 30, 1979 (S. Diers, MET), 13; Castro Valley , July 21, 2002, in bathroom (M. Curley, UCR), 13; Oakland , Aug. 22, 1965 (A. Wong, CAS), 1♀, May 4, 1993, in house (L. Alexander, CAS), 13; Pleasant Ridge Regional Park Headquarters , June 2, 1990 (M. Thompson, MET), 13; Strawberry Canyon , Berkeley , May 1981 ( UCB), 13; Sunol , July 25, 1979 (A. Crawford, MET), 1♀; Sunol Regional Wilderness , July 21, 1989 (M. Thompson, MET), 13. Amador Co. : Amador Canyon , off Pardee Reservoir , July 7, 1958 (W. Gertsch, V. Roth, AMNH), 43, 9♀; canyon on Highway 49, 2– 3 mi S Jackson, July 7, 1958 (W. Gertsch, V. Roth, AMNH), 1♀; Mokelumne River , S Jackson , July 7, 1958 (W. Gertsch, V. Roth, AMNH), 23, 1♀. Calaveras Co. : Cave City Cave , Feb. 7, 1954, on floor ( R. de Saussure, AMNH), 13, June 13, 1960, on open rock ( R. Graham, AMNH), 13, 1♀; Cave of the Catacombs , Sept. 1, 1961 ( R. Graham, AMNH), 1♀; Hanging Gardens Cave , Sept. 4, 1961 (M. Ivie, R. Graham, AMNH), 1♀; King Tut Cave , Dec. 22, 1990 (D. Cowan, CDU), 1♀, Aug. 24, 1991, elev. 1900 ft ( T. Briggs, D. Cowan, G. Malliet, D. Ubick, CDU), 1♀; Mountain Ranch , June 16, 2004 (J. Pargett, UCR), 13; 1 mi NW Murphys, June 11, 1994, under limestone rock (D. Ubick, CDU), 13; Stanislaus River , 5 mi S Dorrington, Aug. 5, 1953 (W., J. Gertsch, AMNH), 3♀; Wilseyville, May 29, 2001 (K. Collins, UCR), 13. Contra Costa Co. : Antioch, May 15, 1956, on sand at night (M. Wasbauer, AMNH), 13, 1♀; Briones Reservoir, July 12– 26, 1980 (J. Fraser, CAS), 33, 2♀; Byron, June 7–8, 2004, in sandblasting building (J. Miller, UCR), 23; Clayton, Apr. 2, 1941 (W. Pearce, UCR), 13, 1♀; El Cerrito, June 1955, in house ( R. Black, CAS), 1♀; Kennedy Grove, May 2, 1980, in house ( CAS), 1♀; Martinez, June 2001, in house (B. Crumrine, CDU), 13; Shell Ridge, Walnut Creek (J. Allen, CAS), 13. El Dorado Co. : Folsom Lake Campground, 9 mi SW Pilot Hill, May 22, 1993, in restroom at night (D. Ubick, CDU), 23, 1♀. Monterey Co. : Arroyo Seco, Indians Road, 36 ° 13.7 9 N, 121 ° 29.5 9 W, May 19, 2002, under rocks, mixed woods (D., S. Ubick, CDU), 1♀ (spinnerets scanned), May 19–Oct. 13, 2002, pitfalls, oak chaparral, elev. 1,100 ft (D., S. Ubick, CDU), 23, 1♀, July 8, 1995, at night (D. Ubick, S. Fend, W. Savary, CDU), 1♀; Carmel Valley , May 1996 (P. Stadille, CDU), 23; Hastings Natural History State Reserve, 36 ° 22.8 9 N, 121 ° 33.2 9 W, June 18, 1943 (J. Linsdale, CAS), 13, July 7, 1944 (J. Linsdale, CAS), 13, July 8, 1946 (J. Linsdale, JCC), 13, July 10, 1946 (J. Linsdale, AMNH), 13, June 1947 (J. Linsdale, AMNH), 13, June 22, 1948 (J. Linsdale, CAS), 13, June 24, 1948 (J. Linsdale, AMNH), 13, July 31, 1948 (J. Linsdale, AMNH), 23, Aug. 3, 1948, shower room (J. Linsdale, AMNH), 13, July 5 ,

Map 1. Central California, showing distributions of five species of Titiotus .

1950, in school at night (J. Linsdale, AMNH), 13, July 1–6, 1955, in house (J. Linsdale, AMNH), 23. Placer Co.: Ruck-A-Chucky Campground, middle fork, American River, May 22, 1993, litter, rocks, mixed forest, elev.

800 ft (D. Ubick, CDU), 13. San Francisco Co.: San Francisco , June 1985, in house (N. Ljubic, CDU), 1♀; Yerba Buena Island , Feb. 9, 2006, in house (P. Griffes, CAS), 1♀. San Benito Co. : Hollister, June 18, 1982 (C. Porter,

CAS), 13. San Mateo Co.: Atherton , Mar. 2, 1963 (D., R. Dailey, CDU), 13 (spinnerets scanned); Edgewood Park, Dec. 27, 1987, under serpentine rock (D. Ubick, S. Fend, CDU) , 1♀; Indian Mortar , Jasper Ridge, Dec. 30, 1988, serpentine grassland (D. Ubick, CDU) , 1♀; Pacifica , June 29–30, 1991, in house (D. Pledger, CDU) , 13; 0.5 mi W San Bruno , May–Sept. 1962, pitfall (H. Stark, AMNH) , 33; Valerga Drive , Belmont, June 26, 2006 (N. Teodoro, CAS) , 13. Santa Clara Co.: Alum Rock Park , San Jose, Oct. 23, 1970 (E. Schlinger, CAS) , 1♀; Highway 9 near Skyline Boulevard, near Castle Crags State Park, Sept. 1997, in house (E. Spitz-Blum, CAS) , 1♀; Los Gatos , Nov. 1979, in house (W. Ferguson, CDU) , 1♀; San Jose , Sept. 4, 2002, in house (N. Pepper, UCR) , 1♀; Saratoga , July 4, 1981 (D. Ubick, CDU) , 13, 1♀; Stanford University environs, Palo Alto, Dec. 25, 1920 (J. Chamberlin, AMNH) , 23; vic. Stanford, 1927–1928 (C. Duncan, AMNH) , 13. Santa Cruz Co.: Aptos , May 1994, biting human in school (S. Tjosvold, CAS) , 13. Stanislaus Co.: Frank Raines State Park , Apr. 17, 1975, on brick wall at night (L. Vincent, UCB) , 13.

DISTRIBUTION: Widespread in central California (map 1).

Titiotus hansii (Schenkel) , new combination

Figures 12–16 ; map 1

Eusparassus hansii Schenkel, 1950: 70 , fig. 24 (female holotype from Monte Rio, Russian River , Sonoma County, California, June 6, 1939, H. Schenkel- Rudin, in Basel, examined via photographs by A. Hänggi).

DIAGNOSIS: Males resemble those of the more southern species T. californicus but have a less pronounced dorsal extension on the middle prong of the tibial apophysis (fig. 14); females also resemble those of T. californicus but have a narrower epigynal septum that is wider anteriorly (fig. 15).

MALE: Total length 9. Coloration as in T. californicus . Leg spination: femora: I r2-1-1; II p2-1-1, r2-1-1; III r1-1-2; IV p2-1-1; tibiae: I, II d1-0-1, v4-4-4, r1-1-0; III r0-1-1; metatarsi: I p0- 1-0, r0-1-0; II p1-1-0, r1-1-0; III p1-2-2. Embolus not expanded prolaterally, arched, narrowed distally; median apophysis with subdistal and retrolateral projections; middle prong of tibial apophysis bifid, with dorsal branch smaller than ventral branch (figs. 12–14).

FEMALE: Total length 11. Coloration as in T. californicus . Leg spination: femora: I r1-2-1; II r1-1-2; IV p1-2-1; tibiae: I p0-0-0, v4-4-4; II p0-1-0, v4-4-4, r0-1-0; III p1-0-1, r1-0-1; metatarsi: II p0-0-0; III p1-2-2, r1-2-2; IV p1-2-2, r1-1-2. Epigynal septum relatively narrow, with almost straight sides; posterior ducts oblique (figs. 15, 16).

MATERIAL EXAMINED: United States: CALIFORNIA: Butte Co.: French Creek, 5 mi N, 2.5 mi E Madrone Lake , Plumas National Forest , July 22, 1970 (S. Frommer, UCR), 1♀ . Humboldt Co. : Hoopa Valley Indian Reservation, Tish-Tang-a-Tang Campground , 41 ° 01.4 9 N, 123 ° 38.34 9 W, May 28, 2005, leaf litter, rocks, logs, oak forest with madrone and conifer (D. Ubick, CDU), 2♀ ; Phillipsville , 40 ° 11 9 N, 123 ° 45 9 W, Sept. 2, 1963 (W., J. Ivie, AMNH), 1♀ . Mendocino Co.: Anchor Bay , June 28, 1952 (W. Gertsch, AMNH), 2♀ ; ‘‘ Deerwood’ ’ ( Leach family property), July 20, 1923 (E. Leach, CAS), 1♀ ; Hartsook Inn, Piercy , Sept. 23, 1963 (W. Gertsch, AMNH), 13, 1♀ ; Longvale , June 30, 1952 (W. Gertsch, AMNH), 103, 36♀ ; NCCRP, 3 mi N Branscomb , May 21–23, 1982, elev. 1400 ft (C. Griswold, CAS), 23, 4♀ ; Noyo River, 14.5 air mi E Fort Bragg , 39 ° 25.5 9 N, 123 ° 32 9 W, May 25, 1996 (matured Feb. 1997), redwood forest at night (D. Ubick, CDU), 1♀ , May 25–26, 1996 (C. Griswold, CAS), 2♀ , redwood forest (D. Ubick, CDU), 3♀ , May 24–25, 1997 (C. Griswold, CAS), 13, 1♀ ; Piercy, S fork of Eel River , July 23, 1953 (W., J. Gertsch, AMNH), 5♀ ; 2 mi N Piercy , Aug. 19, 1959 (W. Gertsch, V. Roth, AMNH), 4♀ ; 5 mi N Piercy , Apr. 6, 1960 (W. Gertsch, W. Ivie, R. Schrammel, AMNH), 53, 13♀ ; Willits, no date (A. Dahl, UCR), 1♀ , Aug. 10, 2000, in home, elev. 3000 ft, redwood forest area ( R. Dixon, UCR), 1♀ , early Oct. 2000 ( R. Dixon, UCR), 13 ; Willits, Mendocino County Museum , Aug. 2001, sticky trap (E. Hamby, UCR), 1♀ . Nevada Co.: Nevada City , Dec. 22, 1993, in house ( T. Van Wagner, CDU), 13 ; White Cloud Campground, May 31, 1964 (P. Arnaud, Jr., CAS), 13. Plumas Co.: Juniper Cave [5 Kloppenberg Cave], Oct. 17, 1959, on small landing at depth of 25 ft ( R. Graham, AMNH), 1♀ ; Kloppenberg Cave , 7 air mi SE Quincy, Sept. 3, 1988, dark zone (D. Ubick, CDU), 1♀ ; 5 mi W Quincy , Mar. 25, 1977 (J. Dalbec, CAS), 13 ; Seneca, N fork of Feather River , Aug. 2, 1953 (W., J. Gertsch, AMNH), 5♀ ; Soda Springs Cave , 8 air mi N Quincy, Sept. 4, 1988, dark zone (D. Ubick, CDU), 13, 1♀ ; Soda Springs Cave , 10 mi N Quincy ( R. Graham, AMNH), 13, 1♀ , Sept. 5, 1961 (W. Gertsch, W. Ivie, R. Graham, AMNH), 3♀ . Shasta Co. : cave in Low Pass Creek , Jan. 29, 1953, elev. 1600 ft (J. Gorman, AMNH), 13, 1♀ . Sierra Co.: Bassetts , Aug. 18, 1993, in culvert, elev. 5400 ft (J. Boutin, CDU), 13 ; 4.8 mi N Camptonville, Aug. 21, 1993, in culvert, elev. 3000 ft (D. Ubick, CDU), 1♀ ; 5 mi E Camptonville , Aug. 15, 1993, in culvert, elev. 3000 ft (D. Ubick, CDU), 1♀ , Aug. 9, 1999 (matured Sept.), elev. 3000 ft (D. Ubick, CDU), 13 ; the Cups, Sierra City , Sept. 6, 1959 (W. Gertsch, V. Roth, AMNH), 43, 5♀ ; Downieville, late July, 2004 (A. Faibish, UCR), 1♀ ; Downieville , at school, Sept. 24, 1993, elev. 2800 ft ( T. Van Wagner, CDU), 1♀ , Sept. 27, 1993, elev. 2800 ft ( T. Van Wagner, CDU), 13 ; just E Loganville, no date, roadside rock outcrop at night (D. Ubick, CDU), 1♀ ; 7 mi W Sierra City , July 8, 1952 (W. Gertsch, AMNH, JCC), 13, 37♀ . Siskiyou Co.: 20 mi N Somes Bar , July 20, 1962 ( V. Roth, AMNH), 13 (single palp with broken tibial apophysis), 2♀ . Sonoma Co.: Bohemian Highway, 2.4 mi SE Monte Rio , 38 ° 26 9 37 0 N, 122 ° 59 9 19 0 W, Dec. 20, 2001, oakchaparral serpentine ( T. Briggs, G. Giribet, D., S. Ubick, CDU), 13, 1♀ ; 0.2 mi NW Camp Meeker on Bohemian Highway , Jan. 5, 1984, elev. 120 m (D. Kavanaugh, CAS), 1♀ ; Guerneville , Apr. 4, 1960 (W. Gertsch, W. Ivie, R. Schrammel, AMNH), 203, 17♀ , Aug. 2003, in house ( R. Kaspar, UCR), 23 ; Monte Rio , May 5, 1996 (D. Ubick, CDU), 1♀ , June 2003, in house (P. Craig, CDU), 23 ; 2.8 mi S Monte Rio, July 5, 1958 (W. Gertsch, V. Roth, AMNH), 2♀ ; Pine Glade Road, 1 air mi NE Monte Rio , Nov. 6, 1999, redwood forest (D., S. Ubick, CDU), 1♀ ; trail above Pine Glade Road, Monte Rio , June 30, 1996, redwood forest (P. Craig, W. Savary, D. Ubick, CDU), 1♀ , Sept. 28, 1996, redwood forest (P. Craig, W. Savary, D. Ubick, CDU), 13, 1♀ . Trinity Co.: Indian Valley Creek Cave , Oct. 27, 1990, elev. ca 1800 ft, on walls of cave (D. Ubick, W. Rauscher, CDU), 23, 1♀ .

DISTRIBUTION: Widespread in northern California (map 1).

Figures

Figs. 1–6. Titiotus californicus Simon. 1–3. Male spinnerets, terminal views. 4–6. Female spinnerets, terminal views. 1, 4. Anterior lateral spinnerets. 2, 5. Posterior median spinnerets. 3, 6. Posterior lateral spinnerets.

Figs. 7–11. Titiotus californicus Simon. 7. Left male palp, prolateral view. 8. Same, ventral view. 9. Same, retrolateral view. 10. Epigynum, ventral view. 11. Same, dorsal view.

Figs. 12–16. Titiotus hansii (Schenkel). 12. Left male palp, prolateral view. 13. Same, ventral view. 14. Same, retrolateral view. 15. Epigynum, ventral view. 16. Same, dorsal view.