Ctenognathus, Fairmaire, 1843

Larochelle & Larivière, Marie-Claude, 2021, Synopsis of the tribe Platynini in New Zealand (Coleoptera: Carabidae), Insecta Mundi 2021 (864), pp. 1-96 : 30-32

Key to species of Ctenognathus

1. Pronotum with a single setiferous puncture on each side (anteriorly)............................. 2

— Pronotum with two setiferous punctures on each side (anteriorly and posteriorly)................. 9

2(1). Meso- and metatarsomeres 1–4 ( Fig. 27 ) not carinate dorsally................................... 3

— Meso- and metatarsomeres 1–4 ( Fig. 28 ) tricarinate dorsally.................................... 6

3(2). Antennae entirely rufopiceous; abdomen black................................................ 4

— Antennae bicolored; abdomen rufopiceous................................................... 5

4(3). Tempora not inflated; pronotum not sinuate posteriorly, sides moderately rounded, posterolateral angles obtusely rounded, base truncate, posterior bead present, complete; apices of elytra obtuse; Fig. 55 . [Body length 12.0– 13.9 mm; North Island (ND to TK–HB)]................................................................................. Ctenognathus novaezelandiae (Fairmaire)

— Tempora moderately inflated (about two-thirds as long as eyes); pronotum moderately sinuate posteriorly, sides strongly rounded, posterolateral angles slightly acute, base convex, posterior bead absent; apices of elytra rounded; Fig. 56 . [Body length 12.0– 13.2 mm; southern North Island (WN)]............................................................... Ctenognathus elevatus (White)

5(3). Antennal segments 1–4 rufopiceous, 5–11 reddish; mandibles very long, slightly curved anteriorly; pronotum with lateral depressions narrow, slightly widened from apex to base, posterolateral angles obtuse; metatarsomeres 5 glabrous ventrally; Fig. 57 . [Body length 11.4–12.8 mm; Three Kings Islands (TH)].................. Ctenognathus garnerae Larochelle and Larivière , new species

— Antennal segments 1 rufopiceous, 2–11 reddish; mandibles moderately long and curved anteriorly; pronotum with lateral depressions wide throughout, posterolateral angles rectangular; metatarsomeres 5 setose ventrally (with long setae); Fig. 58 . [Body length 11.6–13.2 mm; northern North Island (ND, top of Aupouri Peninsula)].... Ctenognathus tepaki Larochelle and Larivière , new species

6(2). Head, pronotum, and elytra coal black; femora rufopiceous; elytra without visible scutellar setiferous pore, microsculpture very transverse (with microlines); terminal segment of palpi obtuse apically ( Fig. 10 )............................................................................ 7

— Head and pronotum pure black, elytra piceous black; femora reddish; elytra with visible scutellar setiferous pore, microsculpture isodiametric; terminal segment of palpi truncate apically ( Fig. 11 ).... 8

7(6). Pronotum widest before middle, slightly wrinkled on disc, sides strongly sinuate posteriorly, posterolateral angles rectangular; interval 3 of elytra with a minute subapical setiferous puncture; Fig. 59 . [Body length 12.7–13.8 mm; eastern central North Island (BP, GB, HB)]..................................................... Ctenognathus urewera Larochelle and Larivière , new species

— Pronotum widest about middle, deeply wrinkled on disc, sides not sinuate posteriorly, posterolateral angles acute and projected laterally; interval 3 of elytra without setiferous punctures; Fig. 60 . [Body length 11.3–13.8 mm; northern North Island (ND to WO)].................................................................................... Ctenognathus cardiophorus (Chaudoir)

8(6). Pronotum subquadrate, moderately convex, sides moderately sinuate posteriorly, posterolateral angles rectangular, moderately long; interval 3 of elytra without setiferous punctures; Fig. 61 . [Body length 12.7–12.9 mm; North Island (AK–CL to WN)]................. Ctenognathus adamsi (Broun)

— Pronotum elongate, slightly convex, sides strongly sinuate posteriorly, posterolateral angles acute (projected laterally), very long; interval 3 of elytra with a large (foveate) subapical setiferous puncture; Fig. 62 . [Body length 11.0– 13.6 mm; southern North Island (WI to WN–WA) and northern South Island (SD, NN, MB)]...................................... Ctenognathus pictonensis Sharp

9(1). Femora dark, pure black, piceous black or dark rufous....................................... 10

— Femora paler, yellow or rufotestaceous..................................................... 15

10(9). Scutellar setiferous pore of elytra invisible; legs short; Fig. 63 . [Rather small, body length 7.0– 9.8 mm; terminal segment of palpi truncate apically; southern South Island (SL)]..................................................... Ctenognathus tawanui Larochelle and Larivière , new species

— Scutellar setiferous pore of elytra visible; legs moderately long or very long..................... 11

11(10). Pronotum strongly cordate; elytra subovate, strongly convex; Fig. 64 . [Body length 11.9–12.4 mm; southwestern South Island (southern WD)]................................................................................ Ctenognathus perumalae Larochelle and Larivière , new species

— Pronotum moderately cordate, subquadrate, or subrectangular; elytra oblong, slightly convex or subdepressed............................................................................ 12

12(11). Antennal segments 1–3(4) black, (3)4–11 dark rufous........................................ 13

— Antennae entirely dark rufous............................................................ 14

13(12). Femora and tibiae black; pronotum moderately cordate, base emarginate; elytra subdepressed, microsculpture isodiametric, striae finely punctate; Fig. 65 . [Body length 8.5–11.4 mm; southwestern South Island (southern FD)]............ Ctenognathus takahe Larochelle and Larivière , new species

— Femora and tibiae dark rufous; pronotum subrectangular, base subtruncate; elytra slightly convex, microsculpture moderately transverse, striae impunctate; Fig. 66 . [Body length 10.1–10.6 mm; northern South Island (NN, BR, MB, KA)]............... Ctenognathus arnaudensis (Broun)

14(12). Pronotum unwrinkled, moderately cordate, laterobasal foveae moderately wide (not meeting toward pronotal midline); elytra very shiny, slightly convex, interval 3 with three or four large (foveate) setiferous punctures; Fig. 67 . [Body length 12.6–13.3 mm; western South Island (BR, WD, OL)]........................................ Ctenognathus marieclaudiae Larochelle , new species

— Pronotum wrinkled on disc and across base, subquadrate, laterobasal foveae very wide (meeting toward pronotal midline); elytra dull, subdepressed, interval 3 with three shallow, minute setiferous punctures; Fig. 68 . [Smaller, body length 8.5–11.0 mm; southern South Island (MC to FD–SL) and Stewart Island]................................................... Ctenognathus edwardsii (Bates)

15(9). Meso- and metatarsomeres 1–4 ( Fig. 27 ) not carinate dorsally; Fig. 69 . [Body length 9.1–10.5 mm; northeastern South Island (MB, KA)]................................................................................... Ctenognathus kaikoura Larochelle and Larivière , new species

— Meso- and metatarsomeres 1–4 ( Fig. 28 ) tricarinate dorsally................................... 16

16(15). Sternum VII (last visible sternum of abdomen; Fig. 35 ): male with two long apical ambulatory setae, female with four long apical ambulatory setae............................................ 17

— Sternum VII ( Fig. 36 ): male with four long apical ambulatory setae, female with eight to ten long apical ambulatory setae..................................................................... 20

17(16). Posterolateral angles of pronotum acute and projected laterally; terminal segment of palpi obtuse apically ( Fig. 10 ).............................................................................. 18

— Posterolateral angles of pronotum rectangular; terminal segment of palpi truncate apically ( Fig. 11 )... 19

18(17). Femora and tibiae pale yellow; pronotum with anterolateral angles poorly developed, posterior bead incomplete (obsolete medially), base emarginate; legs moderately long; elytra very convex; Fig. 70 . [Body length 10.2–11.1 mm; southern North Island (WN, WA)].................................................................................. Ctenognathus sandageri (Broun)

— Femora dark yellow, tibiae reddish; pronotum with anterolateral angles well developed, posterior bead complete, base subtruncate; legs very long; elytra moderately convex; Fig. 71 . [Body length 9.5–11.6 mm; western South Island (NN–SD to WD)]................... Ctenognathus helmsi (Sharp)

19(17). Elytra ovate; pronotum widest about middle, sides strongly rounded; Fig. 72 . [Body length 10.0– 11.4 mm; North Island (WO–BP to WN)].................... Ctenognathus xanthomelus (Broun)

— Elytra subovate; pronotum widest before middle, sides moderately rounded; Fig. 73 . [Body length 10.5– 12.0 mm; southern North Island (TO to WN)]............. Ctenognathus intermedius (Broun)

20(16). Femora and tibiae pale yellow............................................................ 21

— Femora dark yellow or reddish; tibiae reddish................................................ 23

21(20). Elytra shiny; posterolateral angles of pronotum slightly obtuse; mentum tooth subtruncate apically; submentum with ten long setae; Fig. 75 . [Body length 10.8–11.2 mm; pronotum slightly cordate; elytra slightly convex, striae finely punctate; South Island (NN–BR to NC–MK)]............................................................................. Ctenognathus colensonis (White)

— Elytra dull; posterolateral angles of pronotum rectangular; mentum tooth emarginate apically; submentum with six long setae............................................................... 22

22(21). Pronotum slightly cordate; elytra subdepressed, striae finely punctate; eyes strongly rounded; terminal segment of palpi obtuse apically; Fig. 74 . [Body length 10.3–12.7 mm; southern South Island (OL– DN to FD–SL)] Ctenognathus otagoensis (Bates)

— Pronotum subquadrate; elytra moderately convex, striae impunctate; eyes moderately rounded; terminal segment of palpi truncate apically; Fig. 76 . [Body length 10.2–11.5 mm; Stewart Island]........................................... Ctenognathus earlyi Larochelle and Larivière , new species

23(20). Antennal segments 1–3 rufotestaceous, 4–11 dark piceous; femora rufotestaceous; sides of pronotum not sinuate posteriorly, lateral depressions wide throughout, laterobasal foveae very wide (almost meeting toward pronotal midline); elytra with sides slightly rounded, interval 3 with three very deep, large (foveate) setiferous punctures; Fig. 77 . [Body length 11.2–12.9 mm; western South Island (BR–SL)]..................... Ctenognathus davidsoni Larochelle and Larivière , new species

— Antennae entirely dark rufous or rufotestaceous; femora dark yellow; sides of pronotum moderately sinuate posteriorly, lateral depressions narrow anteriorly and widened posteriorly, laterobasal foveae moderately wide (well separated from each other); elytra with sides moderately rounded, interval 3 with three shallow, minute setiferous punctures......................................... 24

24(23). Antennae dark rufous; terminal segment of palpi obtuse apically; eyes strongly convex; pronotum obsoletely wrinkled on disc, moderately cordate, posterolateral angles rectangular; elytra oblong, sides moderately rounded, striae deep and impunctate; Fig. 78 . [Body length 10.5–13.00 mm; southeastern South Island (MK–SL)]................................. Ctenognathus oreobius (Broun)

— Antennae rufotestaceous; terminal segment of palpi truncate apically; eyes moderately convex; pronotum deeply wrinkled on disc, slightly cordate, posterolateral angles acute and slightly projected laterally; elytra subovate, sides strongly rounded, striae shallow and finely punctate; Fig. 79 . [Body length 11.1–12.3 mm; Banks Peninsula (MC)]............................................................................. Ctenognathus hoarei Larochelle and Larivière , new species

Figures

Figures 27–36. Meso- or metatarsomere, dorsal view: 27) not carinate; 28) tricarinate. Metatarsomere 4: 29) moderately bilobed and asymmetrical apically; 30) moderately bilobed and symmetrical; 31) strongly bilobed and asymmetrical. Abdominal sterna V–VI: 32) with 4 ambulatory setae; 33) with 2 ambulatory setae; 34) V–VII with numerous short setae; 35) VII, male with 2 ambulatory setae, female with 4 setae; 36) VII, male with 4 ambulatory setae, female with 8 setae.

Figures 53–56. Dorsal habitus. 53) Tuiplatynus sophronitis, teneral. 54) T. libitus, teneral. 55) Ctenognathus novaezelandiae. 56) C. elevatus. Scale line = 1 mm.

Figures 57–60. Dorsal habitus. 57) Ctenognathus garnerae new species. 58) C. tepaki new species. 59) C. urewera new species. 60) C. cardiophorus. Scale line = 1 mm.

Figures 1–13. Microsculpture: 1) granulate; 2) isodiametric; 3) moderately transverse; 4) very transverse. Neck constriction, dorsolateral view: 5) deep; 6) shallow; 7) absent. Eye and buccal fissure, lateral view: 8) touching; 9) separated. Terminal segment of palpi: 10) obtuse apically; 11) truncate. Paraglossae: 12) pubescent; 13) glabrous.

Figures 61–64. Dorsal habitus. 61) Ctenognathus adamsi. 62) C. pictonensis. 63) C. tawanui new species. 64) C. perumalae new species. Scale line = 1 mm.

Figures 65–68. Dorsal habitus. 65) Ctenognathus takahe new species. 66) C. arnaudensis. 67) C. marieclaudiae new species. 68) C. edwardsii. Scale line = 1 mm.

Figures 69–72. Dorsal habitus. 69) Ctenognathus kaikoura new species. 70) C. sandageri. 71) C. helmsi. 72) C. xanthomelus. Scale line = 1 mm.

Figures 73–76. Dorsal habitus. 73) Ctenognathus intermedius. 74) C. otagoensis. 75) C. colensonis. 76) C. earlyi new species. Scale line = 1 mm.

Figures 77–79. Dorsal habitus. 77) Ctenognathus davidsoni new species. 78) C. oreobius. 79) C. hoarei new species. Scale line = 1 mm.