Macrobiotus harmsworthi Murray, 1907a

Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz & Mcinnes, Sandra J., 2015, Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America, Zootaxa 3923 (1), pp. 1-107 : 66-67

163. Macrobiotus harmsworthi Murray, 1907a sensu lato [T]

Makrobiotus harmsworthi Murray ? ( Richters 1911a)

M. harmsworthi Murray (Murray & Wailes 1913)

Macrobiotus harmsworthi Murray. ( Heinis 1914)

Macrobiotus harmsworthi J. Murray 1907 (du Bois-Reymond Marcus 1944, Garitano-Zavala 1995) Macrobiotus harmsworthi J. Murr., 1907 ( Ramazzotti 1962a , Ramazzotti 1964a ) Macrobiotus harmsworthi J. Murr. ( Iharos 1963)

M. harmsworthi ( Mihelčič 1972, Garitano-Zavala 1996)

M. harmsworthi Murray, 1907 ( Claps & Rossi 1988)

Macrobiotus harmsworthi Murray, 1907 ( Maucci 1988, Jerez & Narváez 2001) M. harmsworthi Murray ( Claps & Rossi 1997)

Macrobiotus cf. harmsworthi ( Nickel et al. 2001)

Macrobiotus harmsworthi Murray 1907 ( Rahm 1931, 1932)

Macrobiotus harmsworthi / richtersi ( Montoya et al. 2010)

Terra typica: Franz Joseph Land ( Russia, Barrents Sea)

Argentina:

• 27°57′S, 58°48′W; 50 m asl: Corrientes Province, Empedrado, Paraje Sombrerito, lichen on power pole (2 samples). Claps & Rossi (1988)

• 41°59′S, 71°31′W; 400 m asl: Rio Negro Province, El Bolsón, foot of Piltriquitron Mt., mosses on rocks in shaded Libocedrus chilensis -Lomatia obliqua forest. Iharos (1963)

• 50°06′S, 73°18′W; 200 m asl: Santa Cruz Province, Los Glaciares National Park, shores of Argentino Lake, near the Onelli glacier, Nothofagus forests, in the shade, mosses and lichens on trees and rocks. Maucci (1988)

• 50°28′S, 73°01′W; 300 m asl: Santa Cruz province, Los Glaciares National Park, shores of Lake Argentino, near the Perito Moreno glacier, Nothofagus forest, in the shade, mosses. Maucci (1988)

• Undefined localities cited according Mihelčič (1967), dry mosses and lichens on soil in full sun. Mihelčič (1972)

Bolivia:

• 14°49′S, 69°04′W; 11–12,000 ft asl / 3,350–3,650 m asl: La Paz Department, Pelechuco. Murray & Wailes (1913)

• 16°20′S, 68°23′W; 4,650–4,700m asl: La Paz Department, Cordillera de la Real de los Andes, La Cumbre, subnival floor, cushion moss. Garitano-Zavala (1995, 1996)

• 16°18′S, 68°17′W; 4,300–4,400 m asl: La Paz Department, Cordillera de la Real de los Andes, Wila Kunka, high Andean floor, cushion moss. Garitano-Zavala (1995, 1996)

• 16°13′S, 68°13′W; 4,550–4,700 m asl: La Paz Department, Cordillera de la Real de los Andes, Tuni, subnival floor, cushion moss. Garitano-Zavala (1995, 1996)

• 16°11′S, 68°35′W; 3,680–4,000 m asl: La Paz Department, Cordillera de la Real de los Andes, Huarina, moorland floor, cushion moss. Garitano-Zavala (1995, 1996)

Brazil:

• 22°44′S, 45°35′W; 1,650 m asl: São Paulo State, Campos do Jordão, mosses or aquatic plants. du Bois-Reymond Marcus (1944)

• 23°33′S, 46°38′W; 750 m asl: São Paulo State, São Paulo, mosses on wood. du Bois-Reymond Marcus (1944)

• 25°26′S, 49°16′W; 900 m asl: Paraná State, Curitiba, mosses or aquatic plants. du Bois-Reymond Marcus (1944)

Chile:

• 30°25′S – 37°45′S [30°40′S, 71°41′W]; 620 m asl: Region IV Coquimbo (Región de Coquimbo), Bosque de Fray Jorge National Park, Fray Jorge, 420 km on north of Santiago de Chile, mosses and lichens on temperate rainforest, surrounded by steppe and mixed rainforest with Araucaria araucana , Nothofagus obliqua and N. dombeyi . Ramazzotti (1962a)

• 30°25′S – 37°45′S [37°43′S, 73°02′W]; 1,500 m asl: Undefined locality in Region IX Araucania (Región de la Araucanía), Cordillera Nahuelbuta on south of Concepción, mosses and lichens on temperate rainforest, surrounded by steppe and mixed rainforest with Araucaria araucana , Nothofagus obliqua and N. dombeyi . Ramazzotti (1962a)

• 37°43′S, 73°02′W; 1,100 m asl: Undefined locality in Region VIII Region IX Araucania (Región de la Araucanía), Cordillera Nahuelbuta, lichens on tree ( Araucaria sp.). Ramazzotti (1964a)

• 39°52′S, 73°23′W; 100 m asl: Region XIV Los Ríos (Región de Los Ríos), neighbourhood of Valdivia-Niebla, mosses and algae. Rahm (1931, 1932)

Colombia:

• 07°07′N, 73°02′W; 1,850–2,010 m asl: Santander Department, El Diviso Natural Reserve, Cypress forest (Cupresus lusitanica), Pine forest ( Pinus patula ) and secondary forest, mosses ( Lyperodon tomentosus , Campylopus densicoma var. densicoma and Sematophyllum insularum ). Jerez & Narváez (2001)

• 05°12′N, 74°44′W; 200 m asl: Tolima Department, Honda near Magdalena River, moss. Richters (1911a)

• 04°35′N, 74°02′W; 3,300 m asl: Bogota Department, Páramo Cruz Verde, moss ( Sphagnum sp.) mud. Heinis (1914)

• 04°24′N, 76°12′W; 1,600 m asl: Valle del Cauca Department, El Canon near El Aguacate, hepatics ( Frullania longicolla L. & G. and Taxilejeunea prominata (Gottsche)) . Heinis (1914)

Peru:

• 15°29′S, 70°08′W; 13,000 ft asl / 3,850 m asl: Puno Region, Juliaca. Murray & Wailes (1913)

• 13°04′48′′S, 72°18′00′′W; 2,350 m asl [13 ° 10′S, 72 ° 33′W; 2,500 m asl]: Cusco Region, Machu Picchu, mosses or lichens. Nickel et al. (2001)

Uruguay:

• 30°15′S, 57°36′W; 50 m asl: Artigas Department, Bella Unión, mosses or lichens on rocks, trees or posts or aquatic macrophytes. Claps & Rossi (1997)

• 31°03′S, 57°38′W; 50 m asl: Salto Department, Arroyo Palomas, mosses or lichens on rocks, trees or posts or aquatic macrophytes. Claps & Rossi (1997)

• 31°20′S, 57°51′W; 50 m asl: Salto Department, Arroyo San Antônio de Chico, mosses or lichens on rocks, trees or posts or aquatic macrophytes. Claps & Rossi (1997)

• 34°10′S, 55°49′W; 50 m asl: Florida Department, Arroyo San Juan, mosses or lichens on rocks, trees or posts or aquatic macrophytes. Claps & Rossi (1997)

• 34°25′S, 57°44′W; 50 m asl: Colonia Department, Riachuelo, mosses or lichens on rocks, trees or posts or aquatic macrophytes. Claps & Rossi (1997)

Venezuela:

• 08°46′N, 70°49′W; 4,300 m asl: Region Los Andes, Mérida, Mucuñuque Mt., moss. Montoya et al. (2010)

• 08°45′N, 70°49′W; 4,450 m asl: Region Los Andes, Mérida, Mucuñuque Mt., surface samples from peat bog. Montoya et al. (2010)

Record numbers: Argentina: 5, Bolivia: 5, Brazil: 3, Chile: 4, Colombia: 4, Peru: 2, Uruguay: 5, Venezuela: 2; total: 30.

Remarks: Macrobiotus harmsworthi sensu lato is thought to have a cosmopolitan distribution ( McInnes 1994a). However, we think the presence of M. harmsworthi sensu stricto in South America should be considered dubious. Originally described from Zemlya Frantsa-Iosifa in Arctic Russia, M. harmsworthi is now considered a species group with a number of very similar species (all requiring careful taxonomic analysis of adults and egg morphology—see Kaczmarek et al. 2011 for diagnostic key). This is particularly emphasised by the presence of other group members reported from this region (e.g. M. coronatus , M. erminiae etc.). Montoya et al. (2010) examined only egg shell remains from sediments, thus those records are doubtful.