CICADELLIDAE Latreille, 1825

Kim, Eunji & Jung, Sunghoon, 2021, Taxonomic review of the genus Scaphoideus Uhler (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae) from Korea, with description of one new species, Journal of Natural History 54 (47 - 48), pp. 3059-3073 : 3060-3070

Family CICADELLIDAE Latreille, 1825

Subfamily DELTOCEPHALINAE Dallas, 1870

Genus Scaphoideus Uhler, 1889

Scaphoideus Uhler, 1889: 33 .

Bicoloratum Dai and Li, 2011 in Li, Dai and Xing: 49.

Type species. Jassus immistus Say, 1830 .

Diagnosis. Body slender, colouration ochraceous to brown with longitudinal stripe or transverse bands or dark spots. Vertex produced anteriorly, rounded to angulate, frontoclypeus long and narrow, antennae long. Head narrower than pronotum. Fore wing with 4 or more branches of vein R. Pygofer lobe with tufts of long fine or regular setae. Subgenital plate with long macrosetae and hairs. Connective narrow Y-shaped, stem and arms variable in length and angle of arms. Connective separated from aedeagus, attached by a membrane. Aedeagus with or without paired aedeagal processes, atrium of aedeagus and connective stem articulated.

Scaphoideus albovittatus Matsumura, 1913

( Figures 1, Figures 6 (a,f–h))

Scaphoideus albovittatus Matsumura, 1913: 68 .

Redescription. Body pale brown with whitish longitudinal stripe from tip of vertex to near apex of fore wing ( Figure 1 (a–c)). Vertex strongly produced anteriorly, pale yellow with 2 pairs of blackish spots on anterior and medially ( Figure 1 (a)). Pronotum brown on posterior margin with 2 pairs of dark brown patches on anterior margin ( Figure 1 (a)). Scutellum brown on both side angles ( Figure 1 (a)). Fore wings brownish transparent with dark brown veins, darker at base and apex ( Figure 1 (a–b)). Legs pale brown ( Figure 1 (b)).

Male genitalia. Pygofer lobe elongate and slightly tapered apically with tuft of long and short macrosetae apically ( Figure 1 (e)). Subgenital plate distinctly shorter than pygofer and narrowed apically, 1 row of a few macrosetae and hairs near inner base ( Figure 1 (h)). Style slender; basal apodeme long, developed, apophysis short with sharply tapered at apex; preapical lobe short; with a few short hairs ( Figure 1 (d)). Connective long and slender X-shaped with 1 pair of long processes; processes as long as connective (including arms and stem) and tapered apically, arms unbranched and nearly parallel ( Figure 1 (i–j)). Aedeagus robust without any processes; shaft long over dorsal apodeme; hooked dorsally and tapered at apex ( Figure 1 (f–g)).

Female genitalia. Sternite VII, in ventral view ( Figure 6 (a)), as long as wide, anterior margin nearly straight and posterior margin deeply incised in the middle to form a W shape. First valvula, in lateral view ( Figure 6 (f)), curved dorsally and with dorsal margin concave; gradually tapering to apex (lanceolate); dorsal sculptured area on apical half. Second valvulae, in lateral view ( Figure 6 (g)), dorsal sculptured area on apical half; dorsal margin with approximately 30 rounded triangular teeth distributed on dorsal margin of apical half; small denticles between teeth and on apex narrowly acute. Ducts interwined and extending under teeth or to apex. Third valvula, in lateral view ( Figure 6 (h)), with basal half narrow and apical half expanded with broadly rounded apex; numerous microsetae on ventral and apical margin and a few short macrosetae on ventral margin.

Measurements (body length including wings). Male 4.35–5.31 mm (n = 4), female 5.43–6.08 mm (n = 2).

Material examined. Lectotype: 1 male ( SEHU), Moji, Japan, coll. S. Matsumura, 29 June 1903 ; Paralectotype: 1 male ( SEHU), Moji , Japan, coll . S . Matsumura, 29 June 1903; 1 male ( CNU), Dongchon-ri , Hwacheon-gun, Gangwon-do, Korea, coll . S . Oh, 15 July 2015; 1 male ( CNU), Donam-ri , Geumgan-myeon, Sejong-si, Korea, coll . S . Oh, 28 July 2014; 1 male ( CNU), Gung-dong , Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Korea, coll . G . Lee, 11 April 2016; 3 males ( CNU), Gung-dong , Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Korea, coll . S . Oh, 22 June 2016; 1 male ( CNU), Jichonri , Yangang-myeon, Yeongdong-gun, Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea, coll . S . Oh, 15 June 2015; 1 female ( CNU), Jichon-ri , Yangang-myeon, Yeongdong-gun, Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea, coll . S . Oh, 22 June 2016; 1 female ( CNU), Jichon-ri , Yangang-myeon, Yeongdonggun, Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea, coll . J . Lee, 25 June 2018, light trap; 1 male ( CNU), Sinchon-ri , Soyang-myeon, Korea, coll . S . Oh, 5 September 2016; 1 male ( CNU), 2 females, Yueo-myeon , Changnyeong-gun, Gyeongsangnam-do, Korea, coll . S . Kwon, 24 July 2016, light trap.

Distribution. China, Japan, Korea, Russia.

Host plant. Unknown.

Scaphoideus festivus Matsumura, 1902

( Figures 2, Figures 6 (b,i–k))

Scaphoideus festivus Matsumura, 1902: 384 .

Redescription. Body pale yellow with orange to brown stripes ( Figure 2 (a–c)). Vertex pale produced anteriorly, ivory with black transverse band on anterior margin and transverse wide orange band between ocelli ( Figure 2 (a)). Pronotum 2.2 times as wide as long with 1 anterior and 1 posterior submarginal tumid dark orange transverse band ( Figure 2 (a)). Scutellum with orange band on anterior margin ( Figure 2 (a)). Fore wing brownish semitransparent with hyaline spots; veins dark brown ( Figure 2 (a–b)). Legs pale yellow, darkened bases of macrosetae on hind tibia ( Figure 2 (b)).

Male genitalia. Pygofer lobe long and gradually tapered apically with long macrosetae and shorter macrosetae apically (on posterior) ( Figure 2 (e)). Subgenital plate distinctly shorter than pygofer ( Figure 2 (i)) with 1 row of 4 macrosetae near base ( Figure 2 (h)). Style slender with short basal apodeme, apophysis very slender, long, tapered and weakly curved laterally; preapical lobe short ( Figure 2 (d)). Connective X-shaped with arms, arms as long as stem; 1 pair of long processes above stem, processes about 2.5 times longer than connective (including stem and arms); distinctly widened at apical two-fifths to onethird, and narrowed apex ( Figure 2 (i–j)). Aedeagus small and robust without any process, shaft as long as dorsal apodeme, curved laterally ( Figure 2 (f–g)).

Female genitalia. Sternite VII, in ventral view ( Figure 6 (b)), longer than wide, anterior margin nearly straight and posterior margin obtuse and flattened, inverted trapezoidshaped. First valvula, in lateral view ( Figure 6 (i)), curved dorsally and with dorsal margin concave; gradually tapering to apex (lanceolate); dorsal sculptured area on apical half. Second valvula, in lateral view ( Figure 6 (j)), dorsal sculptured area on apical half; dorsal margin with approximately 22 rounded triangular teeth distributed on dorsal margin of apical half; small denticles between tooth and on apical; apex narrowly acute. Ducts interwined and extending under teeth or to apex. Third valvula, in lateral view ( Figure 6 (k)), with basal half narrow and apical half expanded with broadly rounded apex; numerous microsetae and a few short macrosetae on ventral and apical margin.

Measurements (body length including wings). Male 4.76–5.17 mm (n = 6), female 4.98– 5.77 mm (n = 8).

Material examined. 1 male ( CNU), Donam-ri, Geumgan-myeon , Sejong-si, Korea, coll . S . Oh, 28, July 2014; 1 female ( CNU), Gung-dong , Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Korea, coll . H . Yang, 11 June 2016; 1 female ( CNU), Gung-dong , Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Korea, coll . J . Lee, 6 June 2019; 1 female, Gung-dong , Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Korea, coll . J . Yu, 25 May 2016; 1 female, Gung-dong , Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Korea, coll . S . Oh, 30 July 2015; 1 male, 3 females ( CNU), Gyeso-ri , Hwasun-eup, Hwasun-gun, Jeollanam-do, Korea, coll . B . K . Byun, 12 August 2018; 2 males ( CNU), Jikdong-ri , Soheul-eup, Pocheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea, coll . E . Kim, 13 August 2018, light trap; 1 male ( CNU), Jisan-ri , Cheonan-si, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea, coll . S . Oh, 28 July 2015; 1 female ( CNU), Sanong-dong , Chuncheon, Gangwon-do, Korea, coll . S . Oh, 17 July 2011; 1 male ( CNU), Seongdong-ri , Hongcheon-gun, Gangwon-do, Korea, coll . S . Oh, 17–26 July 2011; 1 male ( CNU), Simgokri , Muju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, Korea, coll . S . Oh, 11 August 2016; 2 males ( CNU), Soheul-eup , Pocheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea, coll . E . Kim, 13 August 2018, light trap.

Distribution. China, India, Japan, Korea, Russia, Sri Lanka.

Host plant. Rice ( Oryza sativa L.) ( Poales : Poaceae ), orange ( Citrus reticulata Banco ) ( Sapindales : Rutaceae ), tea plant ( Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze) ( Ericales : Theaceae ), bamboo ( Poales : Poaceae ) ( Yang et al. 2012).

Scaphoideus varius Vilbaste, 1968

( Figures 3 , Figures 6 (c,l–n))

Scaphoideus varius Vilbaste, 1968: 132 .

Redescription. Body yellow to fuscous with well-expressed brown or black pattern ( Figure 3 (a–c)). Vertex with transverse arcuate band between eyes slightly expanded anteriorly, fused with 1 spot on each side of midline on fore margin, 1 spot on each side of midline near posterior margin brownish ( Figure 3 (a)). Pronotum brownish-yellow with several blackish-brown merged spots on each side along anterior margin ( Figure 3 (a)). Scutellum pale yellow with basal triangles brownish ( Figure 3 (a)). Fore wing semitransparent with dark brown veins and cells ( Figure 3 (a–b)). Legs pale yellow with darkened bases of macrosetae on hind tibia ( Figure 3 (b)).

Male genitalia. Pygofer lobe broadly rounded trapezoid with short and long macrosetae on posterior half; apex of pygofer elongated obtuse ventrally ( Figure 3 (e)). Subgenital plate intensely rounded triangular shape, shorter than pygofer with 1 row of macrosetae and hairs on one margin ( Figure 3 (h)). Style slender; basal apodeme long, developed about one-third of style, apophysis short; sharply tapered at apex; preapical lobe rounded and wide ( Figure 3 (d)). Connective slender X-shaped with long stem, stem bifurcate to 1 pair of process, arms nearly not divergent ( Figure 3 (i–j)). Aedeagus small and robust; with 1 pair of short processes on each basal side of shaft ( Figure 3 (f–g)).

Female genitalia. Sternite VII, in ventral view ( Figure 6 (c)), nearly as broad as long, anterior margin convex and posterior margin with wide shallow groove, widely obovate. First valvula, in lateral view ( Figure 6 (l)), curved dorsally and with dorsal margin concave; gradually tapering to apex (lanceolate); dorsal sculptured area on apical half. Second valvula, in lateral view ( Figure 6 (m)), dorsal sculptured area on apical half; dorsal margin with approximately 24 rounded triangular teeth distributed on dorsal margin of apical half; small denticles between tooth and on apical; apex narrowly acute. Ducts interwined and extending under teeth or to apex. Third valvula, in lateral view ( Figure 6 (n)), with basal half narrow and apical half expanded with broadly rounded apex; numerous microsetae on ventral and apical margin and a few short macrosetae on ventral margin.

Measurements (body length including wings). Male 5.52–5.69 mm (n = 3), female 6.26– 6.58 mm (n = 3).

Material examined. 1 female ( CNU), Gung-dong , Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Korea, coll . J . Lee, 6 June 2019; 2 male, 1 female ( CNU), Gyeso-ri , Hwasun-eup , Hwasun-gun, Jeollanamdo, Korea, coll . B . K . Byun, 12 August 2018; 5 males, 2 females ( CNU), Gyeso-ri , Hwasuneup, Hwasun-gun, Jeollanam-do, Korea, coll . E . Kim, 13 August 2018, light trap.

Distribution. Korea, China, Russia.

Host plant. Betula spp. ( Fagales : Betulaceae ) ( Kwon and Huh 2001).

Scaphoideus rubroguttatus Matsumura, 1914

( Figures 4, Figures 6 (d,o–q))

Scaphoideus rubroguttatus Matsumura, 1914: 223 .

Redescription. Body entirely yellow with orange bands; slender ( Figure 4 (a–c)). Vertex pale yellow with convex orange band between ocelli; roundly pointed in front ( Figure 4 (a)). Head including eyes wider than pronotum ( Figure 4 (a)). Pronotum and scutellum concolorous with vertex ( Figure 4 (a)). Pronotum with vertical orange stripes on both sides and short orange stripe on anterior margins; width of pronotum about 2.0 times greater than length ( Figure 4 (a)). Scutellum with 1 pair of orange vertical stripes obliquely in mesial ( Figure 4 (a)). Fore wing yellow and semitransparent; veins concolorous on medial side and pale brown near apex ( Figure 4 (a–b)).

Male genitalia. Pygofer lobe broadly rounded apically without processes; tuft of long macrosetae and shorter macrosetae apically ( Figure 4 (e)). Subgenital plate distinctly shorter than pygofer ( Figure 4 (e)) with 1 row of 4 macrosetae near base ( Figure 4 (j)). Style robust; apophysis long and stout; sharply tapered at apex; preapical lobe short ( Figure 4 (d)). Connective X-shaped with long stem; stem bifurcate to 1 pair of processes; arms slightly divergent ( Figure 4 (i–j)). Aedeagus slender with 1 pair of apical ventral processes curved laterodorsally and apical dorsal processes; both sides of shaft base with 1 pair of triangular processes curved dorsad ( Figure 4 (f–g)).

Female genitalia. Sternite VII, in ventral view ( Figure 6 (d)), broader than long, anterior margin nearly straight and posterior margin with shallow notch in middle. First valvula, in lateral view ( Figure 6 (o)), curved dorsally and with dorsal margin concave; sharply tapering to apex (sublate); dorsal sculptured area on apical half. Second valvulae, in lateral view ( Figure 6 (p)), dorsal sculptured area on apical half; dorsal margin with approximately 13 rounded triangular teeth distributed on dorsal margin of apical half; small denticles between tooth and on apical; apex narrowly acute. Ducts interwined and extending under teeth or to apex. Third valvula, in lateral view ( Figure 6 (q)), with basal half narrow and apical half expanded with broadly rounded apex.

Measurements (body length including wings). Male 4.69–4.75 mm (n = 2), female 5.47 mm (n = 1).

Material examined. Holotype: 1 female ( SEHU), Giran, Formosa ( Thailand), coll. S. Matsumura, 29 September 1906; 1 female ( CNU), Daemun-ri, Gunoe-myeon, Wandogun, Jeollanam-do, Korea, coll. E. Kim, 19 July 2017, light trap; 2 males, 1 female ( CNU), Yueo-myeon, Changnyeong-gun , Gyeongsangnam-do, Korea, coll. S. Kwon, 24 July 2016, light trap.

Distribution. Korea *, Japan, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam.

Host plant. Unknown.

Scaphoideus yeongdongensis sp. nov.

( Figures 5 , Figures 6 (e,r–t))

Material examined. Holotype, male ( CNU), Yul-ri, Yongsan-myeon, Yeongdong-gun, Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea, coll. E. Kim, 28 June 2018, on Salix gracilistyla Miq.

Paratype: 2 males, 2 females ( CNU), same data as holotype .

Description. Body pale yellow with orange to brown pattern ( Figure 5 (a–c)). Vertex rounded produced apically, 2 black transverse band on anterior margin and transverse wide orange band between ocelli ( Figure 5 (a)). Pronotum 2.0 times as wide as long with 1 anterior and 1 posterior submarginal tumid dark orange transverse band ( Figure 5 (a)). Scutellum with orange band on anterior margin; dim brown on both side angles ( Figure 5 (a)). Fore wing brownish semitransparent ( Figure 5 (a–b)); veins yellowish orange ( Figure 5 (a–b)). Legs pale yellow with darkened bases of macrosetae on hind tibia ( Figure 5 (a–b)).

Male genitalia. Pygofer lobe broadly rounded apically without processes; tuft of long macrosetae and shorter macrosetae apically ( Figure 5 (e)). Subgenital plate distinctly shorter than pygofer ( Figure 5 (e)), as long as two-thirds length of pygofer, with 1 row of macrosetae near base ( Figure 5 (h)). Style slender with long basal apodeme, apophysis very slender, long, tapered and weakly curved laterally; preapical lobe very small ( Figure 5 (d)). Connective slender X-shaped with arms, arms as long as stem; 1 pair of long processes above stem, processes about 2.5 times longer than connective (stem + arms) ( Figure 5 (i–j)). Aedeagus small and robust without any processes, curved laterally. Aedeagal shaft short, as long as dorsal apodeme, with 1 pair of small teeth ( Figure 5 (f–g)).

Female genitalia. Sternite VII, in ventral view ( Figure 6 (e)), longer than wide, anterior margin nearly straight and posterior margin broadly convex, wedge-shaped. First valvula, in lateral view ( Figure 6 (r)), curved dorsally and with dorsal margin concave; sharply tapering to apex (sublate); dorsal sculptured area on apical half and dorsal margin undulated. Second valvula, in lateral view ( Figure 6 (s)), dorsal sculptured area on apical half; dorsal margin with approximately 23 rounded triangular teeth distributed on dorsal margin of apical half; small denticles between tooth and on apical; apex narrowly acute. Ducts interwined and extending under teeth or to apex. Third valvula, in lateral view ( Figure 6 (t)), with basal half narrow and apical half expanded with broadly rounded apex; numerous microsetae and a few short macrosetae on ventral and apical margin.

Measurements (body length including wings). Male 5.28–5.30 mm (n = 2), female 5.66 mm (n = 2).

Distribution. Korea *.

Host plant. Salix gracilistyla Miq. * ( Malpighiales : Salicaceae ).

Etymology. This species is named after its type locality (Yeongdong).

Remarks. This species is similar to S. festivus Matsumura , but differs in the following characters: aedeagus with one pair of small teeth and connective slender both dorsally and laterally.

Figures

Figure 3. Scaphoideus varius Vilbaste, 1968. (a) Male habitus dorsal view; (b) male habitus, in lateral view; (c) face, frontal view; (d) style, dorsal view; (e) pygofer lobe, lateral view; (f) aedeagus, caudal view; (g) aedeagus, lateral view; (h) subgenital plate, ventral view; (i) connective, dorsal view; (j) connective, lateral view. Scale bars: a–c = 1 mm; d–j = 0.1 mm.

Figure 5. Scaphoideus yeongdongensis sp. nov. (a) Male habitus dorsal view; (b) male habitus, in lateral view; (c) face, frontal view; (d) style, dorsal view; (e) genital segment (anal tube, pygofer lobe, aedeagus, subgenital plate and style), lateral view; (f) aedeagus, caudal view; (g) aedeagus, lateral view; (h) subgenital plate, ventral view; (i) connective, dorsal view; (j) connective, lateral view. Scale bars: a–c = 1 mm; d–j = 0.1 mm.

Figure 6. Female sternite VII and valvulae. (a–e) Sternite VII, ventral view; (f,i,l,o,r) apical half of first valvulae, lateral view; (g,j,m,p,s) apical half of second valvulae, lateral view; (h,k,n,q,t) apical half of third valvulae, lateral view; (a,f–h) Scaphoideus albovittatus; (b,i–k) Scaphoideus festivus; (c,l–n). Scaphoideus varius; (d,o–q) Scaphoideus rubroguttatus; (e,r–t) Scaphoideus yeongdongensis sp. nov.