Stirellus Osborn & Ball, 1902

Duan, Yani, Zhang, Yating & Dietrich, Christopher H., 2019, Six new species of Stenometopiini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae) with redescription of additional species and new distributional records, Zootaxa 4603 (2), pp. 201-240 : 205

Stirellus Osborn & Ball, 1902

Athysanus (Stirellus) Osborn & Ball, 1902: 250 (Type: Athysanus bicolor Van Duzee, 1892 ).

Stirellus, Kirkaldy, 1907: 58 .

Doratulina Melichar, 1903: 198 (Type: Doratulina jocosa Melichar, 1903 ).

Phrynophyes Kirkaldy, 1906: 237 (Type: Phrynophyes phrynophyes Kirkaldy, 1906 ).

Anemochrea Kirkaldy, 1906: 329 (Type: Anemochrea mitis Kirkaldy, 1906 ).

Anemolua Kirkaldy, 1906: 329 (Type: Anemolua hanuala Kirkaldy, 1906 ).

Giffardia Kirkaldy, 1906: 336 (Type: Giffardia dolichocephala Kirkaldy, 1906 ). syn. nov.

Arya Distant, 1908: 338 (Type: Arya rubrolineatus Distant, 1908 ).

Trebellius Distant, 1918: 52 (Type: Trebellius albifrons Distant, 1918 ).

Campbellinella Distant, 1918: 69 (Type: Campbellinella illustrata Distant, 1918 ).

Viridomarus Distant, 1918: 69 (Type: Viridomarus capitatus Distant, 1918 ).

Bituitus Distant, 1918: 70 (Type: Bituitus projectus Distant, 1918 ).

Paternus Distant, 1918: 71 (Type: Paternus pusana Distant, 1918 ).

Volusenus Distant, 1918: 72 (Type: Volusenus lahorensis Distant, 1918 ).

Nandidrug Distant, 1918: 74 (Type: Nandidrug speciosus Distant, 1918 ).

Allectus Distant, 1918: 75 (Type: Allectus notata Distant, 1918 ).

Galerius Distant, 1918: 78 (Type: Galerius indicatrix Distant, 1918 ).

Paivanana Distant, 1918: 95 (Type: Typhlocyba indrus Distant, 1908 ).

Gillettiella Osborn, 1930: 689 (Type: Deltocephalus labiatus Gillette, 1898 ).

Bella Singh-Pruthi, 1930: 44 (Type: Bella apicalis Singh-Pruthi, 1930 ).

Penestirellus Beamer & Tuthill, 1934: 21 (Type: Penestirellus catalinus Beamer & Tuthill, 1934 ).

Sunda Singh-Pruthi, 1936: 112 (Type: Sunda ribeiroi Singh-Pruthi, 1936 ).

Pseudaconura Linnavuori, 1952: 182 (Type: Pseudaconura luxorensis Linnavuori, 1952 ).

Malagasiella Evans, 1954: 110 (Type: Malagasiella minima Evans, 1954 ).

Umesaona Ishihara, 1961: 246 (Type: Umesaona asiatica Ishihara, 1961 ).

Doratulina (Cymbopogonella) Viraktamath, 1976: 79 (Type: Doratulina longivertex Viraktamath, 1976 ).

Anaconura Emeljanov, 1999: 559 (Type: Stirellus aristidae Emeljanov, 1968 ). syn. nov.

Diagnosis. Head variably produced. Ocelli on or slightly below anterior margin. Frontoclypeus straight to moderately convex in profile, clypeal sulcus prominent. Forewing variably developed, usually with three anteapical cells, inner anteapical cell open basally. Pygofer side with dorsal margin usually straight or concave distally, short tooth usually present on apical half near ventral margin. Valve long, triangular. Style preapical angle distinct. Connective Y-shaped or H-shaped. Aedeagus base triangular, shaft without basal hinge, usually elongate and slender, strongly curved anterodorsally.

Distribution. Worldwide.

Remarks. The composition and morphological definition of this genus remain controversial. It is presently defined based on the absence of the distinctive characters used to define other genera of the tribe. Our current concept of Stirellus includes 25 other named genus-group taxa, here considered junior synonyms. As noted by Emeljanov (1962), Stirellus is a large and heterogeneous assemblage of species distributed worldwide. Although there is considerable interspecific (and sometimes intraspecific) variation in body proportions, wing development and coloration, the male genitalia vary far less obviously among species of Stirellus than in other leafhopper genera. The differences among species in body proportions and coloration, partly explain why many such diverse forms were previously considered to represent separate genera. Most of these taxa have been recognized by previous authors as synonyms of either Stirellus or Doratulina ( Linnavuori 1959, Emeljanov 1962, Vilbaste 1965). We follow Emeljanov (1966) and Duan et al. (2016) in treating Doratulina as a junior synonym of Stirellus . Comprehensive phylo- genetic analyses including molecular data will be needed to elucidate the status of Stirellus , the taxa here treated as synonyms, and relationships among the many included species.