Codium Stackhouse (1797

Mora-Valdés, Laura Areli & Riosmena-Rodríguez, Rafael, 2016, Checklist of the green (Ulvophyceae) macroalgae from the Gulf of California, México, Phytotaxa 246 (4), pp. 203-247 : 214-217

Codium Stackhouse (1797 : xvi, xxiv)

Codium amplivesiculatum Setchell & N.L. Gardner (1924: 709) .

TAXONOMIC STATUS: Pedroche et al. (2003: 40, figs 42–52) have developed an appropriate case study of the genus using the historically valuable material, type material and compared them with modern collections. These authors have concluded that this is a valid name and that both Codium magnum E. Y. Dawson and Codium longiramosum Setchell and N.L. Gardner is heterotypic synonyms of the species. Also, it was shown that Codium decorticatum (Woodward) M.A. Howe , Codium dichotomum S.F. Gray , and Codium fernandezianum Setchell are misapplied to plants of the region; however according to Guiry & Guiry (2014) this name is currently valid.

RECORDS IN THE GULF OF CALIFORNIA: ND ( González-González et al. 1996: 132, Pedroche et al. 2002: 40, Pacheco-Ruíz et al. 2008: 202, Riosmena-Rodríguez & Holguín-Acosta 2008: 1, fig, 1–12), Isla Pond ( Dawson 1944: 217), Puerto Escondido, Sonora ( Dawson 1959: 7, Dawson 1961: 381), Cental Gulf ( Espinoza-Ávalos 1993: 333); Bahía de Los Angeles ( Pacheco-Ruiz & Zertuche-González1996b: 432), Southern Gulf ( Cruz-Ayala et al. 2001: 190), from Bahía de los Ángeles to Bahía de La Paz ( Pedroche et al. 2002: 40, figs. 40–45), Northern Gulf ( Norris 2010: 87). Unpublished data: Holguín-Quiñones (1971: 86, table IV), Castillo-Álvarez (1990: 59, table 1), Flores-Pedroche (1998: 43, figs 82–118), Holguín-Acosta (2002: 1–54).

Codium anastomosans Setchell & N.L. Gardner (1924: 711–712) .

TAXONOMIC STATUS:According to Pedroche et al. (2002: 54) and Guiry & Guiry (2014) this name is currently considered a taxonomic synonym of Codium brandengeei Setchell & Gardner.

RECORDS IN THE GULF OF CALIFORNIA: ND ( González-González et al. 1996: 132), Ángel de la Guarda and Puerto Refugio ( Setchell &Gardner 1924: 711), Puerto Peñasco ( Dawson 1944: 218), Isla Ángel de la Guarda to Isla Tiburón ( Dawson1961: 381). Unpublished data: Castillo-Álvarez (1990: 59, table 1).

Codium brandegeei Setchell & N. L. Gardner (1924: 712) .

TAXONOMIC STATUS: Pedroche et al. (2002: 54) do not recognize this species, as it has no present distinctive features, including it in the compound Codium simulans Setchell & N.L. Gardner. There has been a combination of characters of this species, and C. simulans may indicate the presence of hybrid or suggest that both species could be grouped into one. More detailed studies are needed to confirm any of the hypotheses. Currently Guiry & Guiry (2014) recognize this species name as taxonomicaly valid.

RECORDS IN THE GULF OF CALIFORNIA: ND ( González-González et al. 1996: 132) Bahía de Bahía de La Paz ( Setchell & Gardner 1924: 712), Puerto Peñasco ( Dawson 1944: 215, Mateo-Cid et al. 2006: 49, 59), Southern Gulf ( Pedroche et al. 2002: 54–55), Los Ángeles ( Pacheco-Ruíz et al. 2008: 202). Unpublished data: Castillo-Álvarez (1990: 59, table1).

Codium cervicorne Setchell & N.L. Gardner (1924: 712) .

TAXONOMIC STATUS: According to Pedroche et al. (2005), Norris (2010) and Guiry & Guiry (2014) this name is a taxonomic synonym of C. brandegeei , see comments under that name.

RECORDS IN THE GULF OF CALIFORNIA: ND ( González-González et al. 1996: 132), Bahía de La Paz ( Setchell & Gardner 1924: 712–713), Bahía de Banderas ( Serviere-Zaragoza et al. 1998: table 2). Unpublished data: Castillo-Álvarez (1990: 60, table 1).

Codium conjunctum Setchell & N.L.Gardner (1924: 706) .

TAXONOMIC STATUS: According to Pedroche et al. (2005), Norris (2010) and Guiry & Guiry (2014) this name is a taxonomic synonym of C. simulans , see comments under that name.

RECORDS IN THE GULF OF CALIFORNIA: ND ( González-González et al. 1996: 132), Isla Tortuga ( Setchell & Gardner 1924: 706–707), Bahía de Kino ( Dawson 1944: 217). Unpublished data: Vázquez-Borja (1999, table1).

Codium cuneatum Setchell & N.L.Gardner (1924: 708) .

TAXONOMIC STATUS: Pedroche et al. (2002: 58) have suggested the synonymization of this species with C. simulans , based on a comparative analysis of the type material of modern collections. However, currently Guiry & Guiry (2014) consider this name as a taxonomic synonym of C. simulans .

RECORDS IN THE GULF OF CALIFORNIA: ND ( González-González 1996: 132), Isla Smith ( Setchell & Gardner 1924: 708), Bahía de La Paz ( Huerta-Múzquiz & Mendoza-González 1985: 44, Rocha-Ramírez & Siqueiros-Beltrones 1990: 24, Riosmena-Rodríguez & Paul-Chávez 1997: 23), Sonora ( Mendoza-González & Mateo-Cid 1986: 420), Bahía Concepción ( Mateo-Cid et al. 1993: 52), Bahía de Los Ángeles ( Pacheco-Ruiz & Zertuche-González 1996b: 432), Isla Espíritu Santo and Isla La Partida ( Paúl-Chávez & Riosmena-Rodríguez 2000: 146) Southern Gulf ( Cruz-Ayala et al. 2001: 190). Unpublished data: Castillo-Álvarez (1990: 60, table1), Vázquez-Borja (1999, tables 1, 2).

Codium decorticatum (Woodward) M.A. Howe (1911: 494–495) .

TAXONOMIC STATUS: Pedroche et al. (2002) showed that the records of this species are misidentifications, on the other hand, Norris (2010) mention the species is a synonym of C. amplivesiculatum . However, Guiry & Guiry (2014) regarded this name as taxonomicaly valid.

RECORDS IN THE GULF OF CALIFORNIA: ND (Huerta-Múquiz 1978: 339), Bahía Concepción ( Mateo-Cid et al. 1993: 52), Bahía de Banderas ( Serviere-Zaragoza et al. 1993: table 2), Bahía de La Paz ( Casas-Valdez et al. 1997: table 1). Unpublished data: Vázquez-Borja (1999: table 1).

Codium dichotomum S.F. Gray (1821: 293) .

TAXONOMIC STATUS: According to Pedroche et al. (2005) and Guiry & Guiry (2014) C. dichotomum is currently valid; however Norris (2010) considered it a synonym of C. amplivesiculatum , also see comments under the name.

RECORDS IN THE GULF OF CALIFORNIA: From Isla Guadalupe, Isla Cedros to Isla Magdalena ( Dawson 1961: 382), Northern Gulf ( Norris 2010: 87). Unpublished data: Castillo-Álvarez (1990: 61, table1).

Codium elongatum (Turner) C. Agardh (1823: 454) .

TAXONOMIC STATUS:According to Silva et al. (1996: 851) and Guiry & Guiry (2014) the name C. elongatum is considered a taxonomic synonym of C. decorticatum .

RECORDS IN THE GULF OF CALIFORNIA: There are no scientific publications for the Gulf of California. Unpublished data: Vázquez-Borja (1999, table2).

Codium fernandezianum Setchell (1937: 592) .

TAXONOMIC STATUS: According to Guiry & Guiry (2014) this name is currently valid; however Norris (2010) considered this particular name as a synonym of C. amplivesiculatum , also see comments under that name.

RECORDS IN THE GULF OF CALIFORNIA: There are no scientific publications for the Gulf of California. Unpublished data: Castillo-Álvarez (1990: 62, table1).

Codium fragile (Suringar) Hariot (1889: 32–33) .

TAXONOMIC STATUS: Currently, the name C. fragile is considered taxonomicaly valid according to Guiry & Guiry (2014). This is a recognized species according to Pedroche et al. (2002: 36) but published records for the Gulf of California require confirmation because have no pictures or descriptions that help us verify the accuracy of the record are lacking.

RECORDS IN THE GULF OF CALIFORNIA: ND (Zertuche-González et al. 1995: 30), Bahía de La Paz ( Rocha-Ramírez & Siqueiros-Beltrones 1990: 24, Casas-Valdez et al. 1997: table 1), Puerto Peñasco ( Martínez-Lozano 1991: 22), Northern Gulf ( Norris 2010: 92). Unpublished data: Castillo-Álvarez (1990: 62, table1), Vázquez-Borja (1999: table 1, 2).

Codium giraffa P.C. Silva (1979a: 264–265) .

TAXONOMIC STATUS: This species is a clearly defined by anatomy and morphology according to Pedroche et al. (2002: 46). Pedroche et al. (2005) and Guiry & Guiry (2014) report this name is currently accepted taxonomicaly.

RECORDS IN THE GULF OF CALIFORNIA: Mazatlán ( Pedroche et al. 2002: 46, figs. 54–58). Bahía de Banderas ( Serviere-Zaragoza et al. 1993: table 2, Serviere-Zaragoza et al. 1998: table 2)

Codium isabelae W.R. Taylor (1945: 70) .

TAXONOMIC STATUS: According to Pedroche et al. (2005) and Guiry & Guiry (2014) this name is currently valid; however no one has recently reviewed the taxonomic status.

RECORDS IN THE GULF OF CALIFORNIA: ND ( González-González et al. 1996: 133), Bahía de La Paz ( Dawson 1961: 382), Bahía de Banderas ( Serviere-Zaragoza et al. 1993: table 2), Isla Venado ( Pedroche et al. 2002: 51). Unpublised data: Castillo-Álvarez (1990: 65, table1), Vázquez-Borja (1999: table1).

Codium isthmocladum Vickers (1905: 57) .

TAXONOMIC STATUS: Pedroche et al. (2005) considered this name a synonym of C. isabelae , but according to Guiry & Guiry (2014) the name C. isthmocladum is currently valid. However, no one has recently reviewed the taxonomic status.

RECORDS IN THE GULF OF CALIFORNIA: ND (Huerta-Múquiz 1978: 339), Bahía de Banderas ( Serviere-Zaragoza et al. 1993: table 2).

Codium longiramosum Setchell & N.L. Gardner (1924: 710, 711).

TAXONOMIC STATUS: Pedroche et al. (2005) report this as a synonym of C. giraffa and like Norris (2010) as a synonym of C. amplivesiculatum too. However, according to Guiry & Guiry (2014) it is considered as a taxonomic synonym of Codium tomentosoides Stackhouse. However , no one has recently reviewed the taxonomic status based on modern collections.

RECORDS IN THE GULF OF CALIFORNIA: ND ( González-González et al. 1996: 134), Isla Pond ( Setchell & Gardner 1924: 710 -–11, Dawson 1944: 217, Dawson 1961: 381), Puerto-Peñasco ( Dawson 1966b: 55), Northern Gulf ( Norris 2010: 87). Unpublished data: Castillo-Álvarez (1990: 66, table1).

Codium macdougalii E.Y. Dawson (1944: 218) .

TAXONOMIC STATUS: According to Norris (2010) and Guiry & Guiry. (2014) this species is a taxonomic synonym of C. brandegeei , see comments under that name.

RECORDS IN THE GULF OF CALIFORNIA: ND ( Anderson 1991: 7; González-González et al. 1996: 134), Puerto Libertad ( Dawson 1944: 218–219, Dawson 1961: 382), Puerto Peñasco ( Dawson 1944: 218–219, Dawson 1966a: 7, Dawson 1966b: 55), Northern Gulf ( Norris 1973, Espinoza-Ávalos 1993: 333, Aguilar-Rosas et al. 2000b: 133, Norris 2010: 90). Unpublished data: Castillo-Álvarez (1990: 66, table1).

Codium magnum E.Y. Dawson (1950a: 298).

TAXONOMIC STATUS: According to Pedroche et al. (2005), Norris (2010) and Guiry & Guiry (2014) this species is a taxonomic synonym of C. amplevesciculatum Setchell and N. L. Gardner , also see comments under that name.

RECORDS IN THE GULF OF CALIFORNIA: Bahía de La Paz ( Huerta-Múzquiz & Mendoza-González1985: 44, Rocha-Ramírez & Siqueiros-Beltrones 1990: 24, Riosmena-Rodríguez and Paul-Chávez 1997: 23), Calerita ( Rodríguez-Morales & Siqueiros-Beltrones1999: 22), Isla Angel de La Guarda ( Pedroche et al. 2002: 40), Bahía del Rincon ( Riosmena-Rodríguez et al. 2005: 13), Northern Gulf ( Norris 2010: 87). Unpublished data: Castillo-Álvarez (1990: 66, table1), Vázquez-Borja (1999: table 1, 2).

Codium picturatum F.F. Pedroche & P.C. Silva (1996: 2) .

TAXONOMIC STATUS: According to Norris (2010) and Guiry & Guiry (2014) the name C. picturatum is currently valid. This species is endemic to the tropical Pacific ( Pedroche et al. 2002: 27).

RECORDS IN THE GULF OF CALIFORNIA: Southern Gulf ( Pedroche & Silva 1996: 35, figs. 1–5, Norris 2010: 86), Cabo Pulmo-Los Frailes ( Anaya-Reyna & Riosmena-Rodríguez 1996: 904), Bahía de La Paz (Riosmena-Rodríguez & Paúl Chávez 1997: 23), Punta Arena and Cabo Pulmo ( Mateo-Cid et al. 2000: 70), Bahía del Rincon ( Riosmena-Rodríguez et al. 2005: 13). Unpublished data: Saad-Navarro (1997: table 1).

Codium santamariae W.R. Taylor (1945: 69) .

TAXONOMIC STATUS:According to Pedroche et al. (2005) and Guiry & Guiry (2014) this name is considered as a taxonomic synonym of C. isabelae ; however no one has recently reviewed the taxonomic status in the Gulf of California. RECORDS IN THE GULF OF CALIFORNIA: Bahía de Banderas ( Serviere-Zaragoza et al. 1998, table 1).

Codium setchellii N.L. Gardner (1919: 489) .

TAXONOMIC STATUS: This species is clearly delimited by evidence in Pedroche et al. (2002: 17), however in this work several plants with erroneous identification are reported. Norris (2010) mentioned that for the Southern Gulf, the records under this name are C. picturatum . According to Guiry & Guiry (2014) the name C. setchellii is taxonomicaly accepted. However, no one has recently reviewed the taxonomic status in the Gulf of California.

RECORDS IN THE GULF OF CALIFORNIA: ND ( González-González et al. 1996: 134), Southern Gulf ( Dawson 1949: 246; Brusca & Thomson 1975: 42), Calerita ( Riosmena-Rodríguez et al. 1991: 14), Todos Santos ( Devinny 1978: 358), Isla Espirítu Santo ( Paúl-Chávez & Riosmena-Rodríguez 2000: 146), Isla Guadalupe ( Pedroche et al. 2002: 17, figs. 1-6), Sonora (Mendoza-González & Mateo-Cid 1985: 22). Unpublished data: Castillo-Álvarez (1990: 67, table1), Flores-Pedroche (1998), Vázquez-Borja (1999: table 1).

Codium simulans Setchell & N.L.Gardner (1924: 706) .

TAXONOMIC STATUS: According to Guiry & Guiry (2014) the name C. simulans is currently accepted, however, findings by what Pedroche et al. (2002: 61) that the species lacks distinctive character, is difficult to distinguish, which is part of the compound of the same name, along with other species with the same problem, which are important to note. There are controversies in the limits between this species in relation to C. brandegeei , highlighting the need for more detailed studies to confirm any of the hypotheses.

RECORDS IN THE GULF OF CALIFORNIA: ND ( Huerta-Múzquiz 1978: 338, González-González et al. 1996: 135, Zertuche-González et al. 1995: 31, Pedroche et al. 2002: 61 figs. 81–89), Isla San Marcos ( Setchell & Gardner 1924: 706), Bahía San Luis Gonzaga( Dawson 1944: 216–217), Punta Santa Rosalía ( Dawson 1961: 382), Calerita ( Rodríguez-Morales & Siqueiros-Beltrones 1999: 22, table 1), Bahía de Los Angeles ( Pacheco-Ruiz & Zertuche-González 1996b: 432, Pacheco-Ruíz et al. 2008: 191, 202), Isla Espíritu Santo and Isla La Partida ( Paúl-Chávez & Riosmena-Rodríguez 2000: 146, systematic list), Bahía de La Paz ( Riosmena-Rodríguez & Paúl-Chávez 1997: 23, table1, Rocha-Rodríguez & Siqueiros-Beltrones 1990: 24, table 1), Cabo Pulmo and Los Frailes ( Anaya-Reyna & Riosmena-Rodríguez 1996, table 1); Bahía del Rincón ( Riosmena-Rodríguez et al. 2005: 13), Northern Gulf ( Norris 1973, Littler & Littler 1981: table 3, fig. 4, Aguilar-Rosas et al. 2000b: 133, Norris 2010: 90), Puerto Peñasco ( Mateo-Cid et al. 2006: 49, 59). Unpublished data: Castillo-Álvarez (1990: 68, table1), Saad-Navarro (1997: table 1), Vázquez-Borja (1999: table 1).

Codium tomentosum Stackhouse (1797 : xxiv).

TAXONOMIC STATUS: Silva et al. (1996) mention that the name C. dichotomum has been misapplied to this species by

Børgesen (1949: 22–23) and Brown & Jarman (1978: 1256). According to Guiry & Guiry (2014) this particular name is currently valid; however Norris (2010) regarded this as a synonym of C. brandengeei , see coments under that name. RECORDS IN THE GULF OF CALIFORNIA: Bahía de La Paz ( Setchell & Gardner 1924: 705), Southern Gulf ( Howe 1911:

493–494), Sonora ( Mendoza-González & Mateo-Cid 1986: table 1), Northern Gulf ( Norris 2010: 86).

Codium unilaterale Setchell & N.L.Gardner (1924: 710) .

TAXONOMIC STATUS: Dawson (1944: 216) mentioned that this species is a synonym of C. simulans lacking distinct characters that distinguish one species from another. Pedroche et al. (2002) do not recognize this species because it has no distinguishing features, included in the C. simulans complex Silva (1951). Currently, this species name is recognized by Guiry & Guiry (2014) as a taxonomic synonym of C. simulans .

RECORDS IN THE GULF OF CALIFORNIA: ND ( González-González et al. 1996: 134, Pedroche et al. 2002: 54), Isla Pond ( Setchell & Gardner 1924: 710), Isla Patos ( Dawson 1944: 216), Northern Gulf ( Norris 2010: 91).