Caulerpa J.V. Lamouroux (1809: 332)

Mora-Valdés, Laura Areli & Riosmena-Rodríguez, Rafael, 2016, Checklist of the green (Ulvophyceae) macroalgae from the Gulf of California, México, Phytotaxa 246 (4), pp. 203-247 : 211-213

Caulerpa J.V. Lamouroux (1809: 332)

Caulerpa antoensis Yamada (1940: 100–101) .

TAXONOMIC STATUS: According to Norris (2010) and Guiry & Guiry (2015) this species name is currently taxonomicaly valid ( Hodgson et al. 2004).

RECORDS IN THE GULF OF CALIFORNIA: Bahía de La Paz ( Huerta-Múzquiz & Mendoza-González 1985: 42), Balandra ( Rocha-Ramírez & Siqueiros-Beltrones 1991: 18).

Caulerpa arenicola W.R. Taylor (1950: 55) .

TAXONOMIC STATUS: Pedroche et al. (2005) report this name as taxonomicaly valid. However, according to Guiry & Guiry (2015) this name is currently considered a taxonomic synonym of Caulerpa antoensis , see comments under that name.

RECORDS IN THE GULF OF CALIFORNIA: ND ( González-González et al. 1996: 127), Bahía de La Paz ( Huerta-Múzquiz & Mendoza-González 1985: 44, Rocha-Ramírez & Siqueiros-Beltrones 1991: 18). Unpublished data: Holguín-Quiñones (1971: 85, Table IV), Castillo-Álvarez (1990: 38, table 1), Vázquez-Borja (1999, table1).

Caulerpa cupressoides (Vahl) C. Agardh (1817 : xxiii).

TAXONOMIC STATUS: According to Guiry & Guiry (2014) the name C. cupressoides is currently valid; however there is no record that the type specimen has been re-examined, which is also a single record reported in the literature of the region.

RECORDS IN THE GULF OF CALIFORNIA: Bahía de Banderas ( Serviere-Zaragoza et al. 1993: table 2).

Caulerpa cupressoides var. lycopodium Weber-van Bosse (1898: 335).

TAXONOMIC STATUS: According to Guiry & Guiry (2014) the name C. cupressoides var. lycopodium is currently valid. This record, like many others in the genus needed to be confirmed by a detailed analysis of the collections.

RECORDS IN THE GULF OF CALIFORNIA: Bahía de Banderas, Nayarit-Jalisco ( Serviere-Zaragoza et al. 1998: 168).

Caulerpa fastigiata Montagne (1837: 353–354) .

TAXONOMIC STATUS: According to Guiry & Guiry (2014) this name is currently valid. However, the species has been reported only once for the Gulf of California.

RECORDS IN THE GULF OF CALIFORNIA: Bahía Concepción ( Riosmena-Rodríguez et al. 1998: 23).

Caulerpa peltata J.V. Lamouroux (1809: 332) .

TAXONOMIC STATUS: The situation of this particular name is no less complicated than others because according to Silva et al. (1996: 829) there is sufficient evidence to consider C. peltata as the correct name for this species, while Wynne (1998: 69) suggests that since the initial work, on this genus is possible to determine transitional forms between Caulerpa racemosa (Forsskål) J.Agardh and C. peltata , therefore, it is considered best to continue to recognize the varieties.

For the Gulf of California, almost all authors have used several names, but no one has been justified based on an analysis of the plants. A case study of the genus could solve these controversies in a analogous manner on other species. Also, according to South and Skelton (2003) Caulerpa racemosa var. laetevirens (Montagne) Weber-van Bosse considered within the description of C. peltata but has not been formally proposed synonymy based on a comparative study ( Silva et al. 1996). Lipkin and Silva (2002: 64) reject the conclusions of Eubank (1946) which were supported by some authors (e.g. South & Skelton 2003), so it is still considered a true variety. Finally, according to Guiry & Guiry (2014) the name C. peltata is currently regarded as a taxonomic synonym of Caulerpa chemnitzia (Esper) J.V. Lamououx.

RECORDS IN THE GULF OF CALIFORNIA: ND ( Huerta-Múzquiz 1978: 338, González-González et al. 1996: 245), Bahía de La Paz ( Huerta-Múzquiz & Mendoza-González 1985), Punta Arenas and Cabo Pulmo ( Mateo-Cid et al. 2000: table1).

Caulerpa pinnata f. pectinata (Kützing) Weber-van Bosse (1898: 291).

TAXONOMIC STATUS: This name is now considered a heterotypic synonym of Caulerpa mexicana f. pectinata (Kützing) W. R. Taylor ( Silva et al. 1996) . As in other cases in this genus, the records are from a single author or limited geographical area. According to Guiry & Guiry (2014) this name is currently regarded as a synonym of C. mexicana f. pectinata , but the do not indicate who proposed this. Also, see comments under that name.

RECORDS IN THE GULF OF CALIFORNIA: ND ( González-González et al. 1996: 127), Puerto Refugio ( Dawson 1944: 213), Isla Ángel de la Guarda ( Dawson 1961: 380), Puerto Peñasco ( Dawson 1966a: 7, Dawson 1966b: 55 -fig. 1a, Mateo-Cid et al. 2006: 48), Bahía de Los Ángeles ( Pacheco-Ruíz et al. 2008: 202), Northern Gulf ( Norris 2010: 95). Unpublished data: Castillo-Álvarez (1990: 38, table1).

Caulerpa racemosa (Forsskål) J. Agardh (1873: 35–36) .

TAXONOMIC STATUS: According to Guiry & Guiry (2014) the name C. racemosa is currently valid; however no one has recently reviewed the taxonomic situation in the Gulf of California.

RECORDS IN THE GULF OF CALIFORNIA: ND ( Huerta-Múzquiz 1978: 338, Cruz-Ayala et al. 2001), Sonora ( Mendoza-González & Mateo-Cid 1986: 420), Bahía de Banderas, Nayarit-Jalisco ( Serviere-Zaragoza et al. 1993: table 2, Serviere-Zaragoza et al. 1998: 168), Cabo Pulmo and Los Frailes ( Anaya-Reyna & Riosmena-Rodríguez 1996: 904), Bahía de La Paz ( Riosmena-Rodríguez & Paúl-Chávez 1997: 23), Calerita ( Rodriguez-Morales & Siqueiros-Beltrones 1999: 22), Isla Espíritu Santo and Isla La Partida ( Paúl-Chávez & Riosmena-Rodríguez 2000: 146), Bahía del Rincón ( Riosmena-Rodríguez et al. 2005: 13), Southern Gulf ( Norris 2010: 95). Unpublished data: Vázquez-Borja (1999, table 1, 2).

Caulerpa racemosa var. chemnitzia (Esper) Weber-Van Bosse (1898: 376) .

TAXONOMIC STATUS: Pedroche et al. (2005) and Norris (2010) report this name as a synonym of Caulerpa racemosa var. turbinata (J. Agardh) Eubank (1946) , however, Guiry & Guiry (2014) currently regarded it as a synonym of C. chemnitzia .

RECORDS IN THE GULF OF CALIFORNIA: Bahía Agua Verde ( Dawson 1944: 213), Bahía de La Paz ( Dawson 1949: 244, Huerta-Múnquiz and Mendoza-González 1985: 44).

Caulerpa racemosa var. macrophysa (Sonder ex Kützing) W.R. Taylor (1928: 101) .

TAXONOMIC STATUS: According to Littler & Littler (2000: 486) there are enough observations to raise the name C. racemosa var. macrophysa to the category of species as well as on experiments on the origin and orientation of the branches in this and other species of the genus presented by Calvert (1976). However, this nomenclatorial change was not based on a detailed review of the type material and should not be considered until confirmation.

RECORDS IN THE GULF OF CALIFORNIA: Bahía de La Paz ( Casas-Valdez et al. 1997: 88), Southern Gulf ( Cruz-Ayala et al. 2001: 190).

Caulerpa racemosa var. peltata (J. V. Lamouroux) Eubank in Stephenson (1944: 349).

TAXONOMIC STATUS: The situation of this particular name is no less complicated than others because according to Schneider & Searles (1991: 93) this variety should be considered a heterotypic synonym of C. racemosa var. laetevirens . However, Silva et al. (1996: 829) indicate there is sufficient evidence to consider the name C. peltata as the correct name to use for this species. On the other hand, Wynne (1998: 69) suggests that since the initial work on genus it is possible to determine transitional forms between what we recognize as C. racemosa and C. peltata therefore it is best to continue to recognize the varieties. In the Gulf of California, almost al authors have used the variety of reports, but no one has justified why we are doing this based on an analysis of the plants. A case study of the genus could solve these controversies in a similar manner on other species of the genus.

RECORDS IN THE GULF OF CALIFORNIA: Bahía de La Paz ( Rocha-Ramírez & Siqueiros-Beltrones 1990: 24, table 1), Bahía de Banderas, Jalisco-Nayarit ( Serviere-Zaragoza et al. 1993: table 2, Serviere-Zaragoza et al. 1998: 168), Calerita ( Rodríguez-Morales & Siqueiros-Beltrones 1999: 22). Unpublished data: Holguín-Quiñones (1971: 84, tabla IV), Castillo-Álvarez (1990: 40, table 1), Saad-Navarro (1997: XX), Vázquez-Borja (1999: table 1).

Caulerpa racemosa var. turbinata (J. Agardh) Eubank (1946: 420) .

TAXONOMIC STATUS: According to Guiry & Guiry (2014) this name is currently valid; however no one has recently reviewed the taxonomic status in the Gulf of California.

RECORDS IN THE GULF OF CALIFORNIA: ND ( González-González et al. 1996: 127), Southern Gulf ( Dawson1961: 381), Bahía de La Paz ( Huerta-Múzquiz & Méndoza-González 1985: 44), Punta Arena and Cabo Pulmo ( Mateo-Cid et al. 2000: 70), Southern Gulf ( Norris 2010: 95). Unpublished data: Holguín-Quiñones (1971: 84, table IV), Castillo-Álvarez (1990: 40, table 1), Vázquez-Borja (1999: table 1).

Caulerpa racemosa var. uvifera (C. Agardh) J. Agardh (1873: 35) .

TAXONOMIC STATUS: According to Silva et al. (1996) there is sufficient evidence to consider this name as a synonym of C. racemosa . However, no one has recently reviewed the taxonomic status.

RECORDS IN THE GULF OF CALIFORNIA: Bahía San Gabriel ( Dawson 1944: 213), Isla Espíritu Santo ( Dawson 1961: 381), Bahía de La Paz ( Rodríguez-Morales & Siqueiros-Beltrones 1999: 22), Southern Gulf ( Norris 2010: 95). Unpublished data: Castillo-Álvarez (1990: 41, table 1).

Caulerpa sertularioides (S.G. Gmelin) M.A. Howe (1905: 576) .

TAXONOMIC STATUS: According to Norris (2010) and Guiry & Guiry (2014) this name is currently valid.

RECORDS IN THE GULF OF CALIFORNIA: ND (Huerta-Múquiz 1978: 338), Isla Espíritu Santo and La Partida ( Dawson 1944: 213–214, Paúl-Chávez & Riosmena-Rodríguez 2000: 146), Isla Monserrate ( Dawson 1959: 14), Puerto Escondido to Bahía de La Paz ( Dawson 1961: 381), Bahía de La Paz ( Huerta-Múzquiz & Mendoza-González 1985: 44, Rocha-Ramírez & Siqueiros-Beltrones 1990: 24, Casas-Valdez et al. 1997: table 1, Riosmena-Rodríguez & Paul-Chávez 1997: 23, Cruz-Ayala et al. 1998: table 1, Rodríguez-Morales & Siqueiros-Beltrones 1999: 22, Scrosati 2001: 721–726), Sonora ( Mendoza-González & Mateo-Cid 1986: 420), Balandra ( Tello-Velazco 1986), Bahía Concepción ( Mateo-Cid et al. 1993: 52), Bahía de Banderas ( Serviere-Zaragoza et al. 1993: 481), Cabo Pulmo and Los Frailes ( Anaya-Reyna & Riosmena-Rodríguez 1996: 904, Mateo-Cid et al. 2000: 70), Southern Gulf ( Cruz-Ayala et al. 2001: 190); Bahía del Rincon ( Riosmena-Rodríguez et al. 2005: 13), Northern Gulf ( Norris 2010: 96). Unpublished data: Castillo-Álvarez (1990: 41, table 1), Saad-Navarro (1997: taxonomyc list), Vázquez-Borja (1999: table 1, 2).

Caulerpa sertularioides f. longiseta (Bory de Saint-Vincent) Svedelius (1906: 114–115) .

TAXONOMIC STATUS: According to Pedroche et al. (2005) and Guiry & Guiry (2014) this name is currently valid. However, no one has recently reviewed the taxonomic status.

RECORDS IN THE GULF OF CALIFORNIA: Bahía de La Paz ( Huerta-Múzquiz & Mendoza-González 1985, Rocha-Ramírez & Siqueiros-Beltrones 1990: table 1, Casas-Valdez et al. 1997: table1, Cruz-Ayala et al. 2001: table 1), Southern Gulf ( Norris 2010: 96). Unpublished data: Holguín-Quiñones (1971: 85, table IV), Vázquez-Borja (1999, table 1).

Caulerpa vanbosseae Setchell & N.L. Gardner (1924: 704) .

TAXONOMIC STATUS: According to Norris (2010) and Guiry & Guiry (2014) the name C. vanbosseae is currently valid. RECORDS IN THE GULF OF CALIFORNIA: ND ( González-González et al. 1996: 127). Bahía de La Paz ( Setchell &

Gardner, 1924: 704), Puerto Refugio ( Dawson 1944: 212), Isla Tortuga ( Dawson 1959: 14), Bahía Magdalena, Isla

Ángel de la Guarda to Isla Espíritu Santo ( Dawson 1961: 381), Puerto Peñasco ( Dawson 1966a: 7), Bahía Concepción

( Mateo-Cid et al. 1993: 52), Isla Espíritu Santo and La Partida ( Paúl-Chávez & Riosmena-Rodríguez 2000: 146),

Southern Gulf ( Cruz-Ayala et al. 2001: 190), Northern Gulf ( Norris 2010: 97). Unpublished data: Castillo-Álvarez

(1990: 41, table1), Vázquez-Borja (1999, table 2).