Anaulacaspis, GANGLBAUER, 1895

Assing, Volker, 2016, Revision of the Anaulacaspis species of the Palaearctic region (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae), Beiträge Zur Entomologie = Contributions to Entomology 66 (2), pp. 201-255 : 207-210

3.3 Key to species

1. Species from China and Taiwan. ....................................................................................................................................... 2

– Distribution different ........................................................................................................................................................... 5

2. Pronotum and most of elytra blackish-brown to black. .................................................................................................. 3

– Pronotum and most of elytra pale-reddish to pale-brown. ............................................................................................ 4

3. Male pronotum with shallow impression. Antenna without sexual dimorphism. Tergite VIII sexually dimorphic, in male with broadly concave and in female with truncate posterior margin ( Figs 178, 182 ). Median lobe of aedeagus shaped as in Figs 180–181 . Distribution: Taiwan ( Map 7 ). ............................................................................ taiwanica

– Male pronotum with deep and extensive impression. Antenna sexually dimorphic, longer and more slender in male than in female. Tergite VIII ( Fig. 173 ) strongly tranverse and with truncate posterior margin, without sexual dimorphism. Median lobe of aedeagus as in Figs 175–176 . Distribution: China: Beijing, Shaanxi ( Map 7 ). ... beijingensis

4. Antennomere XI pale-brown, paler than antennomeres V–X. Male head depressed dorsally. Posterior margin of tergite VIII concave and with unmodified thin setae ( ASSING 2001: figure 12). Median lobe of aedeagus with broad (ventral view) and strongly curved (lateral view) ventral process ( ASSING 2001: figures 10–11). Distribution: China: Shaanxi ( Map 7 ). .................................................................................................................................................... schuelkei

– Antennomere XI blackish-brown, not paler than antennomeres V–X. Male head unmodified, not depressed dorsally. Posterior margin of tergite VIII convex and with a comb-like row of modified, long and rather stout setae ( Figs 191–192 ). Median lobe of aedeagus slender, with very slender and apically acute ventral process and with long dark structure in internal sac ( Figs 194–195 ). Distribution: China: Yunnan ( Map 7 ). ....................... pectinata

5. Whole body dark-brown to black, sometimes with the posterior margin of the elytra more or less distinctly paler. Small species; length of forebody usually <1.2 mm, only in one species from the Middle East up to 1.3 mm long. ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 6

– Body partly paler; at least the humeral angles and the suture of the elytra, usually also the pronotum and parts of the abdomen, yellowish to reddish. ................................................................................................................................ 19

6. Scutellum coarsely rugosely sculptured. Anterior impressions of tergites III–V deep and with coarse punctures separated by longitudinal carinae. Tergite VIII without anterior median excision ( Fig. 233 ); posterior margin with a row of dense short modified setae ( Fig. 234 ). Median lobe of aedeagus as in Figs 229–232 . Spermatheca with long capsule, not comma-shaped. Distribution: Iran, Kyrgyzstan ( Map 5 ). ...................................................... inexpectata

– Scutellum neither coarsely nor rugosely sculptured. Anterior impressions with fine punctation and without carinae. Tergite VIII with anterior median excision; posterior margin with unmodified setae. Spermatheca comma-shaped. ................................................................................................................................................................................................ 7

7. Posterior margin of elytra sharply yellow. ........................................................................................................................ 8

– Elytra either of uniformly dark coloration or with diffusely paler posterior margin. ............................................... 9

8. Posterior portion of male head depressed or shallowly impressed. Male pronotum with extensive and rather deep impression. Median lobe of aedeagus larger, approximately 0.38 mm long, and shaped as in Figs 144–145 . Distribution: South Turkey (Antalya) ( Map 5 ). ........................................................................................................... pamphylica

– Male head without appreciable depression or impression posteriorly. Male pronotum without distinct impression. Median lobe of aedeagus smaller, approximately 0.30 mm long, and shaped as in Figs 148–149 . Distribution: Albania, Greece ( Map 5 ). .......................................................................................................................... flavomarginata

9. Pronotum strongly transverse, approximately 1.2 times as broad as long. Forebody with fine punctation. Posterolateral portions of tergite and sternite VIII each with a cluster of conspicuously modified, apically dilated setae ( Fig. 223 ). Median lobe of aedeagus as in Figs 224–227 . Distribution: North India ( Map 7 ). ...................... beesoni

– Pronotum less transverse, usually 1.10–1.15 times as broad as long. Postero-lateral portions of sternite VIII without clusters of setae; postero-lateral portions of tergite VIII often with clusters of setae, but these setae long and thin, not dilated apically. Unknown from India. .................................................................................................................... 10

10. Head and pronotum with extremely fine punctation (slightly more distinct in male A. nigrina ). Tergite VIII posterolaterally with or without cluster of long thin setae on either side. Male pronotum with indistinct impression at most. .................................................................................................................................................................................... 11

– Head with fine, but distinct punctation. Tergite VIII postero-laterally always with cluster of long thin setae on either side. Male pronotum with dense and distinct punctation and often with median impression posteriorly. ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 15

11. Tergite VIII postero-laterally with a cluster of long thin setae on either side, anterior margin with narrower and deeper median excision. Male sternite VIII strongly produced posteriorly. Posterior margin of female sternite VIII convex, not concave in the middle. ................................................................................................................................. 12

– Tergite VIII postero-laterally without a cluster of long thin setae on either side, anterior margin with broader and shallower median excision. Male sternite VIII less produced posteriorly, broadly convex to obtusely pointed. Posterior margin of female sternite VIII concave in the middle. ............................................................................... 13

12. Posterior margin of tergite VIII truncate ( Fig. 52 ). Male sternite VIII more strongly produced posteriorly ( Fig. 53 ). Median lobe of aedeagus 0.21–0.23 mm long and shaped as in Figs 54–55 . Distribution: West Iran ( Map 2 ). ........ ..................................................................................................................................................................................... sinuata

– Posterior margin of tergite VIII concave ( Fig. 57 ). Male sternite VIII obtusely pointed posteriorly. Median lobe of aedeagus larger, 0.27–0.30 mm long, and shaped as in Figs 59–61 . Distribution: Middle East from Northeast Iran eastwards to Kyrgyzstan and Afghanistan ( Map 3 ). ........................................................................................ nigerrima

13. Male head with or without indistinct depression in postero-median portion. Male pronotum shallowly and usually extensively depressed or impressed in the middle). Posterior margin of tergite VIII shallowly concave ( Fig. 167 ). Median lobe of aedeagus as in Figs 169–171 . Distribution: Greek island Lesbos, Turkey, Iran ( Map 3 ). .... nigrina

– Head and pronotum without sexual dimorphism. Posterior margin of tergite VIII truncate to weakly convex. ... 14

14. Median lobe of aedeagus ( Figs 159–163 ) slightly smaller; ventral process longer in relation basal capsule, apically more slender in lateral view; crista apicalis more prominent. Posterior margin of female sternite VIII more distinctly concave in the middle ( Fig. 166 ). Distribution: Spain ( Map 4 ). ......................................................................... iberica

– Median lobe of aedeagus ( Figs 153–157 ) slightly larger; ventral process shorter in relation to basal capsule, apically less slender in lateral view; crista apicalis less prominent. Posterior margin of female sternite VIII very shallowly concave in the middle ( Fig. 158 ). Distribution Ponto-Mediterranean: Turkey, Balkans, Italy ( Map 4 ). ... laevigata

15. Ventral process of aedeagus in ventral view with a pronounced projection on either side ( Figs 34, 39–40 ). ...... 16

– Ventral process of aedeagus in ventral view sometimes angled laterally, but without pronounced projection. ............................................................................................................................................................................... 17

16. Median lobe of aedeagus 0.24–0.26 mm long and shaped as in Figs 37–40 . Distribution: North Turkey: Amasya ( Map 2 ). ............................................................................................................................................................ pseudonigra

- Median lobe of aedeagus larger, approximately 0.28 mm long, and shaped as in Figs 33–34 . Distribution: Azerbaijan, North Iran ( Map 2 ). ............................................................................................................................................. caucasica

17. Distribution: Middle East ( Israel, Lebanon) ( Map 2 ). Median lobe of aedeagus larger, approximately 0.32 mm long, and shaped as in Figs 47–48 . .............................................................................................................................. libanotica

– Absent from the Middle East. Median lobe of aedeagus smaller. ............................................................................... 18

18. Antennomere IV distinctly transverse. Pronotum, elytra, and abdomen with distinct microreticulation ( Fig. 42 ). Posterior margin of tergite VIII convex ( Fig. 43 ). Median lobe of aedeagus 0.21 mm long and shaped as in Figs 45–46 ; ventral process broad in ventral view and without membranous projection at base (lateral view). Distribution: Turkey (Mersin) ( Map 2 ). ................................................................................................................................... reticulata

– Antennomere IV approximately as long as broad. Pronotum and elytra without appreciable microreticulation. Posterior margin of tergite VIII weakly to strongly concave ( Figs 4–9 ). Median lobe of aedeagus larger, 0.23– 0.28 mm long; ventral process of different shape, at base usually with, rarely without, membranous projection in lateral view ( Figs 13–30 ). Widespread from northeastern Spain and France eastwards to Kyrgyzstan ( Map 2 ). ................................................................................................................................................................................ nigra

19. Tergite VIII postero-laterally with a cluster of long thin setae on either side. Small species; length of forebody 1.2 mm at most. Posterior margin of tergite VIII with conspicuous median projection or strongly convex, except in A. . ....................................................................................................................................................................... 20

– Tergite VIII postero-laterally without cluster of long thin setae on either side. Mostly larger species. Posterior margin of tergite VIII always without median process. ............................................................................................... 24

20. Posterior margin of tergite VIII truncate to convex, without a conspicuous median process. ............................... 21

– Posterior margin of tergite VIII with a conspicuous median process ( Figs 62–63 , 70, 74, 76, 82 ). Male sternite VIII more strongly produced posteriorly. .............................................................................................................................. 22

21. Posterior margin of tergite VIII truncate to weakly convex ( Fig. 121 ). Median lobe of aedeagus shaped as in Figs 123–126, 130–131 . Posterior margin of female sternite VIII weakly concave in the middle ( Fig. 127 ). Widespread from Ukraine in the west to Middle Asia in the east ( Map 4 ). .............................................................. gratilla

– Posterior margin of tergite VIII strongly convex ( Figs 84, 89 ). Median lobe of aedeagus with strongly prominent crista apicalis and with ventral process of completely different shape ( Figs 86–88 ). Posterior margin of female sternite VIII convex, without median concavity. Distribution: South Iran, Afghanistan ( Map 3 ). ............. eminens

22. Median projection of posterior margin of tergite VIII narrower ( Figs 62–63 ). Median lobe of aedeagus shaped as in Figs 65–69 . Distribution: Iran, Kyrgyzstan ( Map 5 ). ....................................................................................... persica

- Median projection of posterior margin of tergite VIII broader. Median lobe of aedeagus of different shape. ..... ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 23

23. Tergite VIII with broader and apically distinctly truncate median projection posteriorly ( Figs 70, 74 ). Median lobe of aedeagus shaped as in Figs 72–73 . Distribution: Northwest Iran ( Map 2 ). ............................................... truncata

– Tergite VIII with less broad and apically convex median projection posteriorly ( Figs 76, 82 ). Median lobe of aedeagus as in Figs 78–81 , with distinctly broader ventral process in ventral view. Distribution: Turkey ( Map 6 ). .................................................................................................................................................................................... convexa

24. Posterior margin of tergite VIII with a row of strongly modified, stout and very short setae ( Figs 197 , 219 ). .... 25

– Posterior margin of tergite VIII mostly with unmodified, in one species with weakly modified long setae. ...... 26

25. Pronotum with weakly pronounced sexual dimorphim; male pronotum with or without depression or very shallow median impression posteriorly. Median lobe of aedeagus ( Figs 199–208 ) with relatively shorter ventral process. Distribution: South Spain, Northwest Africa eastwards to Libya ( Map 3 ). ..................................................... formosa

– Pronotum with pronounced sexual dimorphism; male pronotum with distinct and extensive median impression. Median lobe of aedeagus with relatively longer ventral process ( Figs 214–217 ). Distribution: Middle East ( Cyprus, Lebanon, Israel, Jordan, Sinai Peninsula, Saudi Arabia) ( Map 3 ). ..................................................................... elegans

26. Median lobe of aedeagus with crista apicalis of very conspicuous shape ( Figs 134–135 ). Distribution: North Pakistan ( Map 5 ). ..................................................................................................................................................................... cristata

– Median lobe of aedeagus of completely different shape. .............................................................................................. 27

27. Posterior margin of tergite VIII with a comb-like row of rather long and slightly modified setae ( Figs 184 , 189 ). Median lobe of aedeagus very slender, with long, slender, and apically acute ventral process, and with long dark structure in internal sac ( Figs 187–188 ). Distribution: North Pakistan ( Map 7 ). ................................................ gilva

– Posterior margin of tergite VIII with unmodified setae. Median lobe of aedeagus much less slender and without long dark structure in internal sac. ................................................................................................................................. 28

28. Antenna very slender, 1.2–1.3 mm long; antennomeres IV–VII distinctly oblong, VIII–IX approximately as long as broad, and X weakly transverse. Posterior margin of tergite VIII ( Figs 136, 140 ) concavely excised in the middle, setae at posterior margin short, middle of posterior margin without marginal setae. Median lobe of aedeagus shaped as in Figs 138–139 ; ventral process subapically obtusely angled in lateral view. Distribution: Iran ( Map 4 ). ............. excisa

– Antenna less slender. Posterior margin of tergite VIII without median concavity and with uninterrupted row of longer setae. Median lobe of aedeagus of different shape. ........................................................................................... 29

29. Coloration generally paler; head usually reddish to reddish-brown; medio-lateral infuscate spot on elytra usually brown to dark-brown; abdominal segments V–VII usually brown to dark-brown. Median lobe of aedeagus shaped as in Figs 93–100 . Distribution: North Sudan, Saudi Arabia, South Iran, Pakistan ( Map 4 ). ....................... naevula

– Coloration generally darker; head usually dark-brown to blackish; medio-lateral infuscate spot on elytra darkbrown to black, usually larger and more defined; abdominal segments V–VII blackish-brown to black. ........... 30

30. Pronotum with weakly pronounced sexual dimorphism, in male with shallow and small impression. Median lobe of aedeagus with apically longer and more slender ventral process in lateral view ( Figs 110–111 , 115–118 ). Distribution: Iran, Turkmenistan, Afghanistan ( Map 6 ). .............................................................................................. seclusa

– Pronotum with pronounced sexual dimorphism, in male with deep and extensive impression. Median lobe of aedeagus with apically shorter and less slender ventral process in lateral view ( Figs 104–107 ). Distribution: North Africa and Middle East ( Jordan, Saudi Arabia) ( Map 4 ). ............................................................................ desertorum

Figures

Map 2: Distributions of Anaulacaspis nigra (black circles), A. pseudonigra (white circle), A. reticulata (white triangle), A. libanotica (black triangles), A. caucasica (white diamonds), A. truncata (black diamonds), and A. sinuata (stars) in the West Palaearctic and Middle Asia, based on revised records.

Map 3: Distributions of Anaulacaspis formosa (black circles), A. elegans (white circles), A. nigrina (black diamonds), A. eminens (white diamonds), and A. nigerrima (stars) in the West Palaearctic and Middle Asia, based on revised records.

Map 4: Distributions of Anaulacaspis desertorum (black circles), A. naevula (white circles), A. iberica (white stars), A. laevigata (white diamonds), A. gratilla (black diamonds), and A. excisa (black stars) in the West Palaearctic and Middle Asia, based on revised records. The question mark indicates the records without specified locality of A. gratilla from Iraq.

Map 5: Distributions of Anaulacaspis flavomarginata (white diamonds), A. pamphylica (black star), A. inexpectata (white circles), and A. persica (black circles) in the West Palaearctic and Middle Asia, based on revised records.

Map 6: Distributions of Anaulacaspis convexa (white circles), A. seclusa (black circles), and A. gilva (white diamonds) in the West Palaearctic and Middle Asia, based on revised records.

Map 7: Distributions of Anaulacaspis beesoni (black circles), A. pectinata (white star), A. schuelkei (black triangle), A. beijingensis (white circles), and A. taiwanica (black star) in the East Palaearctic region, based on revised records.

Figs 164–186: Anaulacaspsis iberica (164–166), A. nigrina (167–172), A. beijingensis (173–177), A. taiwanica (178–183), and A. gilva (184–186): male tergite VIII (164, 167, 173, 178, 184); male sternite VIII (165, 168, 174, 179, 185); female sternite VIII (166, 172, 177, 183); median lobe of aedeagus in lateral and in ventral view (169–171, 175–176, 180–181); female tergite VIII (182); spermatheca (186). Scale bars: 0.1 mm.

Figs 187–210: Anaulacaspsis gilva (187–190), A. pectinata (191–195), and A. formosa (196–210; 199–200: Tunisia; 201–203: Morocco; 204–205: holotype of A. macra; 206: Murcia; 207–208: Andalucía): median lobe of aedeagus in lateral and in ventral view (187–188, 194–195, 199–208); female tergite VIII (189); female sternite VIII (190, 209); male tergite VIII (191, 196); posterior margin of male tergite VIII (192, 197); male sternite VIII (193, 198); spermatheca (210). Scale bars: 187–191, 193–196, 198–210: 0.1 mm; 192, 197: 0.05 mm.

Figs 233–236: Anaulacaspsis inexpectata: male tergite VIII (233); posterior margin of male tergite VIII (234); male sternite VIII (235); female sternite VIII (236). Scale bars: 233, 235–236: 0.1 mm; 234: 0.05 mm.

Figs 211–232: Anaulacaspsis formosa (211), A. elegans (212–220), A. beesoni (221–228; 224–225: lectotype), and A. inexpectata (229–232; 231–232: holotype): habitus (211; photo by Marc Tronquet); male tergite VIII (212, 221); male sternite VIII (213, 222); median lobe of aedeagus in lateral and in ventral view (214–217, 224–227, 229–232); female tergite VIII (218); posterior margin of female tergite VIII (219); female sternite VIII (220, 228); postero-lateral portion of sternite VIII (223). Scale bars: 211: 1.0 mm; 212–218, 220–222, 224–232: 0.1 mm; 219, 223: 0.05 mm.

Figs 136–163: Anaulacaspsis excisa (136–141), A. pamphylica (142–145), A. flavomarginata (146–150), A. laevigata (151–158; 153–154: lectotype; 155: Pelopónnisos; 156: Lesbos),and A. iberica (159–163): maletergite VIII(136, 142,146, 151); male sternite VIII (137, 143, 147, 152); median lobe of aedeagus in lateral and in ventral view (138–139, 144–145, 148–149, 153–156, 159–162); female sternite VIII (141, 150, 158);female tergite VIII (140); apex of ventral process of aedeagus in lateral view (157, 163). Scalebars:0.1 mm.

Figs 49–69: Anaulacaspsis libanotica (49–51), A. sinuata (52–56), A. nigerrima (57–61), and A. persica (62–69): male tergite VIII (49, 52, 57, 62–63); male sternite VIII (50, 53, 58, 64); female sternite VIII (51, 56); median lobe of aedeagus in lateral and in ventral view (54–55, 59–61, 65–69). Scale bars: 0.1 mm.

Figs 31–48: Anaulacaspsis caucasica (31–34), A. pseudonigra (35–41), A. reticulata (42–46), and A. libanotica (47–48): male tergite VIII (31, 35, 43); male sternite VIII (32, 36, 44); median lobe of aedeagus in lateral and in ventral view (33–34, 37–39, 45–48); apical portion of median lobe in ventral view (40); female sternite VIII (41); sutural portion of elytra (42). Scale bars: 0.1 mm.

Figs 1–12: Anaulacaspsis nigra. Maxilla (1); labium (2); labrum (3); male tergite VIII (4–9); male sternite VIII (10–12). Scale bars: 1–2, 4–12: 0.1 mm; 3: 0.05 mm.

Figs 13–30: Anaulacaspsis nigra. Median lobe of aedeagus in lateral (13–25) and in ventral view (26–30) of the lectotype of A. nigra (13) and of males from Bosnia-Herzegovina (14), Bulgaria (15–16, 29), Ukraine (17, 30), mainland Greece (18), Turkey (19–20), Albania (21), Korfu (22, 28), and the Pelopónnisos (23–27). Scale bar: 0.1 mm.

Figs 70–90: Anaulacaspsis truncata (70–75), A. convexa (76–83), and A. eminens (84–90): male tergite VIII (70, 76, 84); male sternite VIII (71, 77, 85); median lobe of aedeagus in lateral and in ventral view (72–73, 78–80, 86–88); female tergite VIII (74, 82, 89); female sternite VIII (75, 83, 90); apical portion of aedeagus in ventral view (81). Scale bars: 0.1 mm.

Figs 113–135: Anaulacaspsis seclusa (113–120; 115–116: holotype of A. klapperichi; 113–114, 117–120: Iran), A. gratilla (121–131; 121–124: lectotype of A. lutzi; 128–131: nanistic male from Azerbaijan), and A. cristata (132–135): male tergite VIII (113, 121, 128, 132); male sternite VIII (114, 122, 129, 133); median lobe of aedeagus in lateral and in ventral view (115–118, 123–126, 130–131, 134–135); female tergite VIII (119); female sternite VIII (120, 127). Scale bars: 0.1 mm.

Figs 91–112:Anaulacaspsisnaevula(91–101;93–94:SaudiArabia;95–96:paralectotype;97–98: Iran;99–100:holotypeofA. elegansides), A. desertorum (102–107), and A. seclusa (108–112): male tergite VIII (91, 102, 108); male sternite VIII (92, 103, 109); median lobe of aedeagus in lateral and in ventral view (93–100, 104–107, 110–111); female sternite VIII (101, 112). Scale bars: 0.1 mm.