Scyphoproctus pullielloides Hartmann-Schröder, 1965

Magalhães, Wagner F. & Bailey-Brock, Julie H., 2012, Capitellidae Grube, 1862 (Annelida: Polychaeta) from the Hawaiian Islands with description of two new species, Zootaxa 3581, pp. 1-52 : 44-46

Scyphoproctus pullielloides Hartmann-Schröder, 1965

Figures 33 B–C, 34 A–D, 35 A–F

Scyphoproctus pullielloides Hartmann-Schröder, 1965: 152 –154, figs 79–82.

Material examined. Oahu Island: Mamala Bay, Sand Island outfall, Sta. D3AR3, 21°16ʹ55.7ʺ N, 157°53ʹ48.3ʺ W, 50.9 m, Aug. 2007 (6, BPBM R3629); Sta. C6R1, 21°16ʹ11.5ʺ N, 157°50ʹ31.2ʺ W, 19.2 m, Aug. 2006 (1); Mamala Bay, Barbers Point outfall, Sta. H4R1, 21°16ʹ46.9ʺ N, 158°01ʹ38.1ʺ W, 63.7 m, Mar. 2000 (2); Sta.

HB4R5, 21°16ʹ47.0ʺ N, 158°01ʹ38.0ʺ W, 63.1 m, Mar. 2000 (1, BPBM R3628); Sta. HB4R3, 21°16ʹ46.9ʺ N, 158°01ʹ38.2ʺ W, 63.4 m, Feb. 2006 (8, BPBM R3626); Sta. HB4R5, 21°16ʹ47.0ʺ N, 158°01ʹ38.0ʺ W, 63.1 m, Feb. 2006 (1, BPBM R3627); Sta. HB2R1, 21°17ʹ0 0.5ʺ N, 158°01ʹ21.1ʺ W, 58.8 m, Mar. 2004 (2); Sta. HB2R4, 21°17ʹ0 0.5ʺ N, 158°01ʹ21.2ʺ W, 59.1 m, Mar. 2004 (1); Sta. HZR5, 21°16ʹ53.7ʺ N, 158°01ʹ29.7ʺ W, 62.8 m, Jan. 2009 (1); Sta. HB2R4, 21°17ʹ0 0.5ʺ N, 158°01ʹ21.2ʺ W, 59.1 m, Mar. 2001 (1); Sta. HZR4, 21°16ʹ53.1ʺ N, 158°01ʹ30.3ʺ W, 62.5 m, Mar. 2002 (1); Sta. HB2R3, 21°17ʹ0 0.4ʺ N, 158°01ʹ21.4ʺ W, 59.4 m, Feb. 2006 (2); Sta. HZR4, 21°16ʹ53.1ʺ N, 158°01ʹ30.3ʺ W, 62.5 m, Feb. 2006 (1); Sta. HB2R2, 21°17ʹ0 0.1ʺ N, 158°01ʹ21.3ʺ W, 60.0 m, Mar. 2000 (2); Sta. HB2R3, 21°17ʹ0 0.4ʺ N, 158°01ʹ21.4ʺ W, 59.4 m, Mar. 2001 (2); Waianae outfall, Sta. W2R2, 21°24ʹ46.5ʺ N, 158°11ʹ45.6ʺ W, 27 m, May 2001 (1); Sta. ZWR5, 21°25ʹ25.1ʺ N, 158°11ʹ55.4ʺ W, 34 m, May 2002 (1); Sta. W2R5, 21°24ʹ46.5ʺ N, 158°11ʹ45.6ʺ W, 27 m, Jun. 2011 (2); Sta. W2R1, 21°24ʹ46.5ʺ N, 158°11ʹ45.6ʺ W, 27 m, May 2001 (2); Sta. W1R2, 21°23ʹ32.5ʺ N, 158°11ʹ27.7ʺ W, 31 m, May 2002 (1); Sta. ZWR3, 21°25ʹ25.1ʺ N, 158°11ʹ55.4ʺ W, 34 m, May 2001 (2); Kailua Bay, Mokapu outfall, Sta. AR1, 21°27ʹ45.6ʺ N, 157°42ʹ43.6ʺ W, Mar. 2008 (3); Sta. AR2, 21°27ʹ45.6ʺ N, 157°42ʹ43.6ʺ W, Mar. 2008 (2); Sta. ZR1, 21°27ʹ14.3ʺ N, 157°42ʹ50.6ʺ W, Mar. 2008 (1); Sta. AR3, 21°27ʹ45.6ʺ N, 157°42ʹ43.6ʺ W, Mar. 2008 (1); Sta. ZR2, 21°27ʹ14.3ʺ N, 157°42ʹ50.6ʺ W, Mar. 2008 (2); Sta. AR4, 21°27ʹ45.6ʺ N, 157°42ʹ43.6ʺ W, Mar. 2008 (2); Maunalua Bay, among branches of the invasive green alga Avrainvillea amadelpha , intertidal depths, 21°16ʹ49.4ʺ N, 157°43ʹ48.5ʺ W, coll. W. Magalhães & B. Dugan, Mar. 2010, Sta. S4R1 (7), Sta. A5R3 (4); Sta. A2R3 (3); Sta. A5R1 (1); Sta. A9R1 (1); Sta. S1R2 (1); Maunalua Bay, Kawainui Beach Park near Niu Valley, south shore of Oahu, Hawaii, 21°16ʹ43.3ʺ N, 157°44ʹ41.5ʺ W, coll. S.A. McCarthy & W.A. Estabrooks (reported in Dreyer et al. 2005): Sta. NV Post 5 (5); Sta. NV Post 8 (4); Sta. NV Post 2 (11); Sta. NV Post 6 (6); Sta. NV Post 4 (4); Kaneohe Bay, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program ( EMAP), State of Hawaii estuaries and bays, Apr.–Oct. 2002, Sta. 17, 21°25ʹ55.2ʺ N, 157°47ʹ16.8ʺ W (3); Sta. 13, 21°28ʹ19.2ʺ N, 157°48ʹ10.8ʺ W (9, BPBM R3630); Mamala Bay, underneath threadfin mariculture cages, Sta. UR1, 21°17ʹ17.7ʺ N, 158°00ʹ26.5ʺ W, 40.2 m, Feb. 2004 (3); Mamala Bay, Aug. 2001, Sta. 7 (1), Sta. 26 (1); Sta. 10 (1).

Description. Complete specimens 4–30 mm long, 0.2–1 mm wide for 47–70 chaetigers. Body elongate, slender, widest on mid-thoracic chaetigers and posterior abdominal segments. Color in alcohol pale yellow.

Prostomium short, rounded anteriorly ( Figs 34 A–B, 35A); nuchal organs not observed; eyespots present in a pair of elongate, pigmented ocular areas, situated in two triangular crests, each composed of about 20 brownish pigment spots ( Fig. 34 B). Proboscis finely papillated. Peristomium achaetous, 1.5 longer than anterior thoracic segments ( Fig. 34 A, 35A).

Thorax with 12 segments, including one achaetous segment (not including peristomium) and 11 chaetigers ( Figs 34 A, 35A). Thorax smooth, segments biannulate with deep inter-segmental grooves and bilimbate capillaries only ( Figs 34 A, 35A). First chaetiger biramous ( Fig. 34 A). Notopodia inserted dorso-laterally, neuropodia laterally. Lateral organs present throughout, between noto- and neuropodia, but closer to notopodia. Genital pores not observed.

Transition between thorax and abdomen marked by change in shape of segments and chaetae ( Fig. 34 A); abdominal segments multiannulated with hooded hooks throughout ( Fig. 34 A, 35A). Abdominal noto- and neuropodia with well-separated glandular tori pads ( Fig. 35 B, C). Anterior notopodia with 24–26 hooded hooks, reducing to 16–18 hooks in far posterior; neuropodia with 9–10 hooks, reduced to 22, 12, and 4, on last three chaetigers of largest specimen. Abdominal hooks similar to thoracics; hoods short, margins broadly scalloped, not extending beyond main fang nor covering hooks superiorly ( Fig. 35 E, F). Hooks with multiple teeth, with 4–5 rows of teeth in frontal view; 4–5 in basal row, increasing from 5–7 in middle row to 8–12 small teeth in superior rows ( Fig. 35 E, F). Three pre-plaque segments with triangular lateral lobes and notoacicula ( Figs 34 C, D, 35C, D); lobes becoming more rounded towards plaque and continued as its lateral membrane ( Figs 34 C, D, 35C, D). Notoacicula numbering 8:9:7 on largest specimen and 3:4:2 on smallest (others with 3:6:4; 4:6:5); anterior two pre-plaque notopodia fused.

Branchiae absent. Pygidium with one chaetiger fused with anal plaque ( Figs 34 D; 35D). Plaque flat, spines absent or one set of spines present (3–4 spines each side). Anus moderate size (20% of plaque length), not extending to edge of plaque ( Figs 34 D, 35C–D). Two short cirri present with a short median membrane ( Figs 34 C–D, 35C–D).

Methyl green staining pattern. Prostomium not stained ( Fig. 33 B); peristomium and thoracic region uniformly light to medium green; dorsal region of peristomium, achaetous segment 1 and chaetiger 1 all darkly speckled forming a dorsal green cap ( Fig. 33 B). In abdominal region, staining forms dorsal and ventral bands (only the region between noto- and neuropodia is not stained) on the posterior half of the first 2–3 chaetigers; thereafter staining is restricted to parapodial tori, being more intense or only speckled on post-chaetal tori ( Fig. 33 C). Posterior end acicular hooks are stained green; pygidium with staining only around noto- and neuropodia of the fused segments ( Fig. 33 C). Regenerating posterior ends do not stain. Small specimens, possibly juveniles, stain light green throughout with dark speckles on post-chaetal tori.

Distribution. Originally described from Palmyra Atoll, equatorial North Pacific, U.S. territory (Hartmann- Schröder, 1965) and newly recorded further north in Oahu, Hawaii.

Remarks. The specimens from Oahu agree well with the original description by Hartmann- Schröder (1965). Scyphoproctus pullielloides resembles S. somalus Cantone, 1976 and S. steinitzi Day, 1965 by the fusion of only two posterior segments to the pygidium ( Paxton et al. 1984). It differs from these two closely related species by the number of pre-plate segments with both lateral triangular lobes and acicular hooks, length of anal cirri and development of its median membrane. S. somalus has nine pre-plate segments with lateral triangular lobes and acicular hooks while S. pullielloides has up to three.

Figures

FIGURE 33. Scyphoproctus edmondsoni sp. nov.: A, MGSP of anterior end in lateral view. Scyphoproctus pullielloides: B, MGSP of anterior end in lateral view; C, MGSP of posterior end in dorsal view. Scyphoproctus sp.: D, MGSP of anterior end in lateral view; E, MGSP of posterior and anal plate; F, detail of stained pre- and post-chaetal parapodial lobes.

FIGURE 34. Scyphoproctus pullielloides: A, anterior end in lateral view; B, detail of prostomium in top view; C, posterior end with anal plate; D, anal plate in back view showing anal cirri and anal aperture.

FIGURE 35. SEM of Scyphoproctus pullielloides: A, anterior end in lateral view; B, complete specimen with regenerating posterior end; C, posterior end segments with anal plate; D, anal plate with posterior view; E – F, abdominal hooded hooks.