Chloeia Savigny, 1818

Yáñez-Rivera, Beatriz & Salazar-Vallejo, Sergio I., 2022, Revision of Chloeia Savigny in Lamarck, 1818 from tropical American seas (Annelida, Amphinomidae), Zootaxa 5128 (4), pp. 503-537 : 508-509

Genus Chloeia Savigny in Lamarck, 1818

Chloeia Savigny in Lamarck, 1818: 328; Savigny 1822: 14, 58 (diagn.); Audouin & Milne-Edwards 1833: 192, Pl. 9, Figs 11 , 12 ; de Quatrefages 1866: 386 (diagn., syn.); Grube 1878: 9–10; Horst 1910: 170 (key to species); Fauvel 1923: 133–134; Fauvel 1932: 55, Fauvel 1953: 94; Day 1967: 123; Fauchald 1977a: 102 (diagn.).

Thesmia Kinberg, 1867: 86 (objective synonym, type species: Aphrodita flava Pallas, 1766 ).

Type species. Amphinome capillata Bruguière, 1789 , by monotypy (junior synonym of Aphrodita flava Pallas, 1766 , see below).

Diagnosis. Archinomins with body fusiform. Caruncle trilobate, medial lobe wide, plicate, lateral lobes narrow, plicate, tips tapered or blunt. Dorsal pigmentation patterns variable. Branchiae bipinnate in most chaetigers; a few anterior chaetigers with cirriform branchiae. Dorsal cirri with cirrophores. Anus terminal in last chaetigers; posterior end margin with a pair of cirriform lobes.

Remarks. Bruguière (1789: 45) listed Amphinome capillata as a new name for Aphrodita flava Pallas, 1766 . Consequently, even from the original proposal, his species name is a junior synonym. It must be emphasized that although the original description ( Pallas, 1766: 97) and most other papers indicate this is an Indian Ocean species, de Blainville (1828: 452) listed the then known synonyms, and Fauvel (1917: 190) updated the list. Regretfully, de Blainville indicated that “la seule espèce est de l’Amérique méridionale.” (the only species is from Central America). Furthermore, de Quatrefages (1866: 387) gave as its distribution the China Seas, and following Fauvel’s conclusion, the species was regarded as having a very wide distribution including at least the Indian and Pacific oceans.

Key to species of Chloeia Savigny in Lamarck, 1818 from tropical American seas

1 Ventral cirri of similar size throughout body................................................................ 2

– Ventral cirri of chaetiger 2 markedly longer than following ones................................................ 7

2(1) Dorsum with dark bands sometimes in complex pigmentation pattern............................................ 3

– Dorsum pink to reddish (living specimens with an inverted dark red blunt triangle directed posteriorly in median segments); dorsal cirri purple, or at least dorsal cirrophores; anterior eyes 2× larger than posterior ones........................................................................................ .... C. pinnata Moore, 1911 Southern California

3(2) Middorsal spots circular, each inside a pale halo; anterior eyes 2–3× larger than posterior ones............................................................... C. flava ( Pallas, 1766) Indian Ocean (questionable in tropical American seas)

– Middorsal spots longer than wide........................................................................ 4

4(3) Middorsal spots with a median constriction or cross-shaped... 5

– Middorsal spots tapered, T- or Y-shaped; additional transverse lines medially fused before posterior segmental margins; chaetae without pigmented bands; anterior eyes 2× larger than posterior ones...................................................................................................... C viridis Schmarda, 1861 restricted, Grand Caribbean

5(4) Middorsal spots wider anteriorly, with additional transverse bands; chaetae with reddish bands........................ 6

– Middorsal spots surrounded by a circular pale area over a darker background, projected as lateral bands; chaetae without transverse reddish bands.. .................. C. conspicua Horst, 1910 Sumatra (questionable in tropical American seas)

6(5) Middorsal spots tapered posteriorly, inside two lateral pale spots separated by a wide dark band forming a cross; anterior eyes 3× larger than posterior ones.................................. C. euglochis Ehlers, 1887 reinstated, Grand Caribbean

– Middorsal spots blunt posteriorly, inside two pale areas and two additional paler longitudinal bands, not forming a cross; anterior eyes 2× as large as the posteriors........................... C. pseudeuglochis Augener, 1922 Eastern Pacific

7(1) Dorsum colorless; caruncle pale.. ........................................................................ 8

– Dorsum with a distinct middorsal band.................................................................... 9

8(7) Chaetiger 2 with ventral cirri directed ventrolaterally; caruncle rectangular; anterior eyes 5× larger than posterior ones..................................................................... C. entypa Chamberlin, 1919 Western Mexico

– Chaetiger 2 with ventral cirri hypertrophied, directed dorsally; caruncle tapered; anterior eyes 2× larger than posterior ones........................................................................... C. paulayi sp. n. Gulf of Mexico

9(7) Dorsum with a paler middorsal region, surrounded by reddish bands; anterior eyes 2–3× larger than posterior ones; caruncle pale to brownish................................................... C. pinnata Moore, 1911 Southern California

– Dorsum with a longitudinal reddish band; anterior eyes 6-8× larger than posteriors; caruncle black.................................................................................... C. nuriae sp. n. Gulf of California to Ecuador

Figures

FIGURE 11. Chloeia pseudeuglochis Augener, 1922, holotype (ZMH V-7466). A. Dorsal view. B. Oblique, dorsal view. C. Anterior end, dorsal view. D. Labels. Scale bars: A, 0.5 mm; B, 0.4 mm; C, 0.7 mm (Photos: Alexandra Kerbl).

FIGURE 12. Chloeia pseudeuglochis Augener, 1922. A. Non-relaxed, living specimen from Oaxaca (UMAR 224), dorsal view. B. Same, ventral view. C. Anterior end, dorsal view. D. Prostomium and caruncle. E. Pigmentation pattern from median segments. F. Pointed neurochaeta from chaetiger 10. G. Furcate neurochaeta from same chaetiger. H. Pointed notochaeta from same chaetiger. I. Notochaeta from same chaetiger. A) Specimen from Gulf of California, B–H) holotype (Li: lips, LL: lateral lobes, MA: median antenna, ML: median lobe, Pa: palps, PA: paired antennae). Scale bars: A–C, 1 mm; D, 2 mm; E, F, 20 μm; G, H, 50 μm (Photos: A, B: Tulio Villalobos).