Utricularia sect. Foliosa, Kamienski

Baleeiro, Paulo C., Gonella, Paulo M., Sano, Paulo T. & Jobson, Richard W., 2022, Unveiling Utricularia amethystina’s true colours: a taxonomic revision of one of the largest species complexes (U. sect. Foliosa, Lentibulariaceae), Phytotaxa 576 (1), pp. 29-54 : 33

Taxonomic key Utricularia sect. Foliosa

1. Corolla purple to pale pink.................................................................................................................................................................2

1´. Corolla white or yellow ....................................................................................................................................................................12

2. Calyx with papillae and/or trichomes near margin.............................................................................................................................3

2´. Calyx glabrous....................................................................................................................................................................................4

3. Corolla lower lip with white and yellow spot, spur x2> lower lip, upper lip ovate x3> than calyx ........................... U. velascoensis

3´. Corolla lower lip with only yellow spot, spur slightly larger than lower lip, upper corolla lip rounded x2> than calyx ... U. bicolor

4. Corolla lower lip base with a bilobed protruded crest with tuberculate texture, spur cylindrical with apex inflated and bilobed ...... ............................................................................................................................................................................................... U. biceps

4’. Corolla lower lip base with crest not protruded and smooth texture, spur conical tapering towards the simple apex (eventually also bilobed)...............................................................................................................................................................................................5

5. Corolla lower lip entire to shallowly 3-lobed, spur the same length or slightly larger than the lower lip, lower sepal much smaller than upper sepal, pedicel half the size of upper sepal ........................................................................................................................6

5´. Corolla lower lip deeply 3-lobed, spur usually x2> than lower lip, both sepals similar in size, pedicel at least x2> the size of upper sepal....................................................................................................................................................................................................7

6. Inflorescence 240–750 mm long, corolla 10–25 mm long.................................................................................................. U. tricolor

6´. Inflorescence 40–80 mm long, corolla up to 8 mm long.............................................................................................. U. roraimensis

7. Corolla lower lip same length or smaller than upper lip; leaves linear........................................................................... U. lindmanii

7´. Corolla lower lip much larger than the upper lip, leaves spathulate to almost circular .....................................................................8

8. Inflorescence peduncle robust (ca. 1mm wide), leaves numerous in a rosette...................................................................................9

8´. Inflorescence peduncle not robust (<0.8mm), leaves absent or usually not forming a rosette ........................................................10

9. Corolla minutely papillose, lower lip shallowly 3-lobed, leaves mostly circular ........................................................... U. tridentata

9`. Corolla glabrous, lower lip distinctively 3-lobed, leaves mostly spathulate............................................................... U. amethystina

10. Corolla purple with white and yellow spot, spur glabrous, leaves absent or spathulate to almost circular from a short attenuate base................................................................................................................................................................................... U. damazioi

10’. Corolla pale pink with white and yellow spot, spur with trichomes or stipitate papillose, leaves obovate to circular or almost reniform from a short or long attenuate base....................................................................................................................................11

11. Calyx with papillae and/or trichomes at least near the margin; leaves mostly absent, or obovate, reniform, to almost circular ........ ............................................................................................................................................................................................. U. hirtella

11’. Calyx glabrous; leaves circular or reinforms from a long attenuate base ........................................................................... U. lunaris

12. Calyx with papillae and/or trichomes at least near the margin............................................................................................ U. hirtella

12´. Calyx glabrous..................................................................................................................................................................................13

13. Corolla white ............................................................................................................................................................... U. amethystina

13´. Corolla yellow ..................................................................................................................................................................................14

14. Corolla pale yellow up to 10 mm long, traps monomorphic............................................................................................. U. trinervia

14´. Corolla bright yellow 15–25 mm long, traps dimorphic ..................................................................................................................15

15. Straight spur up to x2> than lower lip ........................................................................................................................... U. pantaneira

15´. Curved spur at least x3> than lower lip....................................................................................................................... U. chapadensis