Apochrysa Schneider, 1851

Winterton, Shaun L. & Gupta, Ankita, 2020, Review of the green lacewing genus Apochrysa Schneider (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae), Zootaxa 4729 (3), pp. 329-346 : 334-335

Key to species of Apochrysa Schneider

1. Hind wing with distinct ovoid marking along inner gradate series located approximately midway along wing ( Figs 9C , 11 ), posterior margin of hind wing with suffuse infuscate shading distally, or at least venation in this region darker than rest of wing ( Figs 9C , 11 ); hind wing inner-most gradate series with distinct sigmoid shape ( Figs 9C , 11 ) (Afrotropical).............. 2.

- Hind wing with or without wing marking along inner gradate series ( Fig. 10 ), posterior margin of hind wing hyaline with venation concolourous with rest of wing, lacking darker suffusion (e.g., Figs 6 , 10 A-B); hind wing inner gradate series with slight curve or distinctly bent midway (not recurved with sigmoid shape) (e.g., Figs 9 A-B, D, 10) (Oriental, Australasia, Oceania and eastern Palaearctic).................................................................................... 4.

2. Forewing RP with cross-veins irregularly arranged in basal part of wing, three gradate series present (e.g., Figs 9C , 11B ).. 3.

- Forewing RP without irregular cross-veins in basal part of wing, two gradate series present ( Fig. 11A ) (Afrotropical)......................................................................................... A. voeltzkowi (Weele) .

3. Hind wing with two gradate series present ( Fig. 11B ) (Afrotropical)............................... A. wagneri Hölzel.

- Hind wing with three gradate series present ( Fig. 9C ) (Afrotropical)............................. A. leptalea (Rambur) .

4. Forewing with one or more irregularly distributed cross-veins interconnecting some RA-RP cross-veins; RP branches with extensive irregular cross-veins and inner gradate series absent, only outer gradate series present in forewing ( Fig. 10A ) ( China, Japan, India)..................................................................... A. matsumurae Okamoto.

- Forewing almost always lacking cross-veins interconnecting RA-RP cross-veins; two or more distinct gradate series present in forewing ( Fig. 9 A-D).................................................................................. 5.

5. Forewing and hind wing with two gradate series ( Fig. 9D , 10C )................................................ 6.

- Forewing with three gradate series; hind wing with either two or three gradate series (e.g., Fig. 9A , 10B )................ 7.

6. Forewing lacking cross-veins in basal part of wing; inner gradate series in forewing arranged in sigmoid pattern, sharply bent at mid point of wing ( Fig. 9D ).............................................................. A. lutea (Banks) .

- Forewing with irregular cross-veins in basal part of wing; inner gradate series only slightly recurved in forewing ( Fig. 10C )................................................................................ A. retivenosa (Winterton) .

7. Forewing marking elongate (oblong-shaped), located on inner gradate series closer to ‘ psm than main branch of RP; hind wing pterostigma unmarked; forewing with irregularly arranged cross-veins amongst RP branches in basal part of wing ( Figs 8 , 9B ) ( Indonesia, India)................................................................... A. evanida Gerstaecker.

- Forewing marking round, sometimes very dark and well defined, located on inner gradate series closer to RP than ‘ psm ’ or at least mid way between the two; hind wing pterostigma with small dark marking; forewing either with cross-veins amongst RP branches in basal part of wing, or cross-veins lacking ( Figs 9A , 10B, D ) (Oceania)................................. 8.

8. Forewing without irregular cross-veins amongst RP branches in basal part of wing ( Fig. 10B ) ( New Caledonia)........................................................................................... A. montrouzieri (Girard) .

- Forewing with additional irregular cross-veins amongst RP branches in basal part of wing ( Figs 9A , 10D )............... 9.

9. Forewing marking well defined, located on inner gradate series distally, very close to RP; hind wing with two gradate series ( Fig. 10D ) ( Solomon Islands)........................................................ A. salomonis (Kimmins) .

- Forewing marking less defined, located on inner gradate series approximately mid way between RP and ‘ psm ’ ( Fig. 9A ); hind wing with three gradate series ( Vanuatu)................................................. A. cognata (Kimmins) .

Figures

FIGURE 6. Apochrysa spp.: A. Apochrysa lutea (Walker); B. Apochrysa montrouzieri (Girard) (photos: Laura Breitkreuz).

FIGURE 8. Apochrysa evanida Gerstaecker (type specimen) (photo: Peter Michalik).

FIGURE 9. Wings of Apochrysa spp.: A. Apochrysa cognata (Kimmins) (after Kimmins, 1953: fig 4); B. Apochrysa evanida Gerstaecker (drawn here from type image); C. Apochrysa leptalea (Rambur) (after Kimmins, 1952: fig. 7); D. Apochrysa lutea (Walker) (after Kimmins, 1952: fig. 2) (Note: figures not to scale and vestiture omitted).

FIGURE 10. Wings of Apochrysa spp.: A. Apochrysa matsumurae Okamoto (after Tsukaguchi, 1995: fig. 106e); B. Apochrysa montrouzieri (Girard) (after Kimmins, 1952: fig. 6); C. Apochrysa retivenosa (Winterton) (after Winterton, 1995: figs 1–2); D. Apochrysa salomonis (Kimmins) (after Kimmins, 1951: fig. 1) (Note: figures not to scale and vestiture omitted).

FIGURE 11. Wings of Apochrysa spp.: A. Apochrysa voeltzkowi (Weele) (after Kimmins, 1952: fig. 3); B. Apochrysa wagneri Hölzel (drawn from Hölzel, 1996: fig. 1) (Note: figures not to scale and vestiture omitted).