Archiraphidia tumulata ( Scudder, 1890 )

Makarkin, Vladimir N. & Archibald, S. Bruce, 2014, A revision of the late Eocene snakeflies (Raphidioptera) of the Florissant Formation, Colorado, with special reference to the wing venation of the Raphidiomorpha, Zootaxa 3784 (4), pp. 401-444 : 421-423

Archiraphidia tumulata ( Scudder, 1890)

( Figs 10 , 11 )

Inocellia tumulata Scudder, 1890: 158 , 160, 161; Pl. 14, Fig.15 ; Handlirsch 1906–1908 [1907]: 907; Bather 1909: 161; Rohwer 1909: 534; Cockerell 1917: 391; Cockerell & Custer 1925: 296, 297.

Archiraphidia tumulata: Handlirsch 1910: 104 ; Cockerell 1914: 715; Cockerell & Custer 1925: 295; Aspöck et al. 1991: 538, 665, Figs 3048, 3049.

Raphidia tumulata: Carpenter 1936: 149 , Fig. 11 ; Oswald, 1990: 161; Engel 2003: 125; Engel 2009: 213 (Tabl. 1); Engel 2011: 79 (Tabl. 2), 80.

“ Raphidia ” tumulata : Engel 2002: 22.

Diagnosis. May be distinguished from other species by CuA 1 in forewing simple [forked in A. tranquilla ]; by short pterostigma [elongate in A.? somnolenta ].

Revised description. Holotype 244. Male. Body poorly preserved. Head strongly narrowed caudally (dorsoventral view). Prothorax probably slightly less than 2 mm long; pterothorax, legs poorly preserved. Abdomen rather well preserved; with dark segments separated by broad pale intersegmental membrane between second/third to seventh/eighth segments. Apex of abdomen unclear, but surely male.

Forewing approximately 9.2 mm long, 2.6 mm wide (length/width ratio 3.5). Costal space incompletely preserved, broad. ScP relatively short; length from termination of ScP to pterostigma much longer than length of pterostigma. Four preserved subcostal veinlets (branches of ScP) distad M+CuA fusion simple, widely spaced. In subcostal pace, two crossveins between ScP, RA (additional long oblique crossvein 2b scp-r proximad termination of ScP); third crossvein closing pterostigma proximally nearly straight. Pterostigma short, dark. RA with one branch, closing pterostigma distally; no branches within pterostigma detected ( Figs 9 A–C); portion of RA distad pterostigma short, deeply curved. RP forked apically, with two branches proximad 3ra-rp, one distad. Two crossveins between RA, RP; 2ra-rp located slightly distad termination of ScP; 3ra-rp located within pterostigma, in its middle. Three (right wing) intraradial crossveins, between branches of RP, forming short gradate series. RP 1 forked, one branch simple, other rather deeply forked (right wing); both branches shallowly forked (left wing). RP 2, RP 3 simple. Three crossveins between RP, MA; 1r-m rather close to origin of RP; 3r-m connecting RP 1, MA oblique. MA dichotomously forked; MP strongly zigzagged, pectinately branched; anterior trace, all three branches rather short, simple. Two long intramedian crossveins; 2im connects posterior branch of MA, MP. M, CuA fused basally for short distance; free stem of M+CuA (after apparent separation from R) very short. CuA strongly zigzagged distally; anterior trace simple, with one simple branch. CuP simple. One long intracubital crossvein. AA1 simple; AA2 incompletely preserved; crossvein between these moderately short.

Hind wing approximately 8 mm long, 2.3–2.4 mm wide (estimated) (3.4–3.5). Costal space, ScP poorly preserved. ScP short; length from termination of ScP to pterostigma much longer than length of pterostigma. In subcostal space, one crossvein detected, closing pterostigma proximally. Pterostigma longer than in forewing. RA with one preserved rather short branch, which closes pterostigma distally; incorporated branch not detected; portion of RA distad pterostigma short, deeply curved. Two crossvein between RA, RP preserved; 2ra-rp located distad termination of ScP; 3ra-rp within pterostigma, in middle portion. Anterior trace of RP forked apically, with two branches proximad 3ra-rp, one distad. RP 1 deeply forked; anterior branch simple, posterior branch shallowly forked; RP 2, RP 3 simple. Three intraradial crossveins forming short gradate series, all between branches of RP. Two crossveins between RP, M/MA detected; 4r-m connecting RP 1, anterior branch of MA long, oblique. MA dichotomously (twice) forked. MP pectinately branched; anterior trace, all three branches simple. One (2im) intramedian crossvein preserved. CuA incompletely preserved; anterior trace, one branch simple. Basal portion of wing, CuP, anal veins not preserved.

Type material. Holotype: Specimen No. 244a, b (part, counterpart; Scudder’s numbers 956 and 4330), deposited in MCZ. A rather poorly preserved, crumpled male specimen. Verbatim label data: [1] “Mus. Comparative Zoölogy, Cambridge, / No. 244 / Inocellia tumulata Scud. / Florissant Miocene”; [2] 244 / type / Inocellia / tumulata Scud. / Florissant / Neuroptera : Inocelliidae ”. The part (244a) has a red label glued to the rock that says “ Type.”, and black ink writing on the rock that says “244-a” and red ink writing that says “956”; the counterpart (244b) has analogous red label, and writing “244-b” and “4330”.

Locality. Florissant (precise collecting locality unknown).

Remarks. Two other specimens have been assigned to this species by Bather (1909) and Cockerell (1917) but these were neither described nor illustrated. The first is housed in NHM (specimen I.8416); the other is reported to be in USNM (the number is unknown).

Figures

FIGURE 9. Pterostigma of Archiraphidia species. A – C, A. tumulata (Scudder, 1890): A, left wings. B, right forewing. C, right hind wing. D – F, A. tranquilla (Scudder, 1890): D, four wings of the holotype MCZ 446. E, four wings of MCZ 4137 (lectotype of A. eventa (Scudder, 1890 )); F, left wings of MCZ 253 (paralectotype of A. eventa). G, three wings of A.? somnolenta (Scudder, 1890). H, right forewing of A.? somnolenta. HW, hind wing; LFW, left forewing; RFW, right forewing. All wings are shown with apex to right and not to scale.

FIGURE 10. Archiraphidia tumulata (Scudder, 1890). Holotype MCZ 244. A, counterpart. B, part (converted to right). Scale bar = 4 mm (both to scale).

FIGURE 11. Archiraphidia tumulata (Scudder, 1890). Wing venation of the holotype MCZ 244. A, right forewing. B, right hind wing. C, left forewing. D, left hind wing. Scale bar = 4 mm (all to scale).

FIGURE 15. Archiraphidia tranquilla (Scudder, 1890) (lectotype of A. eventa (Scudder, 1890), MCZ 4137). Apex of abdomen (lateral view). gp 9, gonapophyses of segment 9 (hypovalva); gs 9, gonostyli of gonocoxites 9; gx 9, gonocoxites of segment 9; S 8, S 9, sternites 8 and 9; T 8, T 9, T 10, tergites 8 to 10. Scale bar = 400 µm.