Adhemarius dariensis, Rothschild & Jordan, 1916

Ancajima, Georgette Paola & Duarte, Marcelo, 2023, Morphological variation of the epiphyses in some Ambulycini hawkmoths (Lepidoptera, Sphingidae, Smerinthinae), Zoologischer Anzeiger 304, pp. 1-9 : 5-6

Adhemarius dariensis (Rothschild and Jordan, 1916) ( Figs. 2C and 4H ).

Length and width: 2.48 and 0.71 mm, respectively, covering 50.3% of the foretibia. Epiphyses lanceolate and apically placed at about two-sevenths of the foretibia length. Upper lobe concave. Lower lobe rounded. Invagination strongly accentuated, u-notched. Foretibiae length: 4.79 mm.

Adhemarius gannascus (Stoll, 1790) ( Fig. 2B , 3 C-D, 4I).

Length and width in male: 2.54 and 0.69 mm, respectively, covering 49.1% of the foretibia. Length and width in female: 2.23 and 0.52 mm, respectively, covering 44.0% of the foretibia. Epiphyses lanceolate in both sexes. Upper lobe concave. Lower lobe truncated. Foretibiae length: 5.38 mm (Ƌ), 5.01 mm (♀).

Epiphyses are sexually dimorphic in the following features: i) epiphyses apically inserted at about two-sevenths of the foretibia length in male, one-third of the foretibia length in female; ii) invagination u-notched in male, v-notched in female; iii) invagination strongly accentuated in male, slightly accentuated in female; iv) comb; v) acanthae ( Fig. 3D , Table 2).

Adhemarius eurysthenes (Felder & Felder, 1874) ( Fig. 2C and D , 4J ).

Length and width in male: 2.51 and 0.70 mm, respectively, covering 53.0% of the foretibia. Length and width in female: 2.15 and 0.58 mm, respectively, covering 42.6% of the foretibia. Upper lobe angulate. Lower lobe rounded. Invagination strongly accentuated. Foretibiae length: 4.62 mm (Ƌ), 4.76 mm (♀).

Epiphyses are sexually dimorphic in the following features: i) epiphysis lanceolate in male, spoon-shaped in female; ii) epiphyses apically inserted at about one-quarter of the foretibia length in male, two-sevenths of the foretibia length in female; iii) invagination v-notched in male, u-notched in female, iv) comb (For details see Table 2).

Figures

Fig. 2. Proposed characters of the epiphyses of Ambulycini. (A) Shape: a. elongated, as in Trogolegnum pseudambulyx; b. lanceolate, as in Ambulyx pryeri; c. spoon-shaped, as in Orecta lycidas; d. bent inward, as in Batocnema coquerelii. (B) Insertion point on the foretibia: a. at one-third of the tibia, as in Adhemarius gannascus; b. at one-quarter of the tibia, as in O. lycidas; c. at two-fifths of the tibia, as shown in female Akbesia davidi; d. at two-sevenths of the tibia, as in Protambulyx strigilis. (C) Upper lobe: a. straight, as observed in Compsulyx cochereaui; b. concave, as in Ad. dariensis; c. bilobed, as in B. coquerelii; d. angulate, as in Ad. eurysthenes. (D) Lower lobe: a. truncated, as in T. pseudambulyx; b. rounded, as in Ad. eurysthenes. (E) Invagination shape: a. vnotched, as in P. strigilis; b. u-notched, as in Ak. davidi. (F) Invagination degree: a. slightly accentuated, as observed in P. strigilis; b. strongly accentuated, in Am. pryeri.

Fig. 4. Epiphysial morphology of some Ambulycini (anterolateral view). (A) Ambulyx pryeri Distant, 1887. (B) Protambulyx strigilis (Linnaeus, 1771). (C) Akbesia davidi (Oberthür, 1884). (D) Compsulyx cochereaui (Viette, 1971). (E) Batocnema coquerelii (Boisduval, [1875]). (F) Orecta lycidas (Boisduval, [1875]). (G) Trogolegnum pseudambulyx (Boisduval, [1875]). (H) Adhemarius dariensis (Rothschild and Jordan, 1916). (I) Adhemarius gannascus (Stoll, 1790). (J) Adhemarius eurysthenes (Felder & Felder, 1874). Scale bar: 0.5 mm.

Fig. 3. Morphological details of the epiphysis in SEM. (A) Comb of Protambulyx strigilis (Linnaeus, 1771). (B). Comb of Orecta lycidas (Boisduval, [1875]). (C) Comb of Adhemarius gannascus (Stoll, 1790). (D) Acanthae of Ad. gannascus.