Mayazomus infernalis ( Rowland, 1975 )

Monjaraz-Ruedas, Rodrigo & Francke, Oscar F., 2015, Taxonomic revision of the genus Mayazomus Reddell & Cokendolpher, 1995 (Schizomida: Hubbardiidae), with description of five new species from Chiapas, Mexico, Zootaxa 3915 (4), pp. 451-490 : 457-461

Mayazomus infernalis ( Rowland, 1975)

Figs. 8−23 , 112 .

Schizomus infernalis Rowland, 1975: 6 , 8, 18–20, figs. 9–10; Rowland and Reddell, 1979a: 163; Rowland and Reddell, 1981: 19,38,41,42,43,44, figs. 43, 46–47, 50; Reddell and Cokendolpher, 1986: 31, 34; Reddell and Cokendolpher, 1991:18. Mayazomus infernalis (Rowland) : Reddell and Cokendolpher, 1995: 82 –83, figs 66–67.

Sotanostenochrus infernalis (Rowland) : Vázquez-Rojas, 1995: 34; Vázquez-Rojas, 1996: 65.

Type material. MEXICO: Chiapas: Male (heteromorphic) holotype and female allotype ( AMNH, examined) from 0.8 km N Ruinas de Palenque, Municipio Palenque. [25 July 1973, R. Mitchell, J. Reddell]. Paratypes: 1 male (heteromorphic) and 3 females ( AMNH, examined), same data as holotype.

Additional material examined. MEXICO: Chiapas: 1 female ( AMNH) [7 July 1949, C.J. Goodnight] from Ruinas de Palenque [17.483839ºN, 92.045353ºW 154 m. a.s.l.], Municipio Palenque. 1 female, 1 juvenile ( AMNH) [20 January 1976, C. Alteri] from 12 mi. from Palenque, on Nututun Road, berlese of dirt and rotten wood [17.3506ºN, 91.8889ºW 360 m. a.s.l.], Municipio Palenque. 2 homeomorphic males ( AMNH) [24 March 1975, collector unknown] from Palenque [17.5092ºN, 91. 9825ºW, 71 m. a.s.l.], Municipio Palenque. 1 female ( AMNH) [29 June 1983, collector unknown] from Palenque [17.5092ºN, 91. 9825ºW, 71 m. a.s.l.], Municipio Palenque. 1 female (CNAN-Sz000120) [17 October 2006, O. Francke, A. Valdez, H. Montaño, J. Ballesteros] from Convention Center of Ruinas de Palenque (17.3200ºN, 92.0215ºW 57 m. a.s.l.), Municipio Palenque. 1 heteromorphic male (CNAN-Sz000121) [6 May 2005, O. Francke, A. Valdez, J. Ballesteros] from environs of Palenque (17.48438ºN, 92.0223ºW 97 m. a.s.l.), Municipio Palenque. 1 heteromorphic male and 1 female (CNAN-Sz000122) [31 July 2013, O. Francke, J. Mendoza, R. Monjaraz, C. Santibáñez A. Valdez, K. Zarate,] from Convention Center of Ruinas de Palenque (17.3200ºN, 92.0215ºW 57 m. a.s.l.), Municipio Palenque.

Emended diagnosis. Males can be distinguished by the pedipalp trochanter having a triangular, about 45º apical process, by the pedipalp femur with spiniform setiferous tubercles Fv1 and Fv2 small and near each other, plus setae Fe1 small and spiniform, located on ventral margin; by the presence of a very long apophysis (FAP) on mesal surface with a rounded tip; pedipalp tibia with a long and strongly sclerotized mesal apophysis (TMA) similar to a claw, placed medially ( Fig. 14–16 ); and by the presence of two slightly dorso-submedian depressions on dorsal surface of flagellum ( Figs 18–20 ). Females can by distinguished by the spermathecae ( Fig. 13 ) having median lobes slightly longer than laterals and slightly curved outwards; with a wide chitinized arch ( Figs. 13 ). Mayazomus infernalis resembles Mayazomus loobil new species in the position and shape of the spiniform setiferous tubercles Fv1 and Fv2 and having setae Fe1 developed and spiniform; they differ in the shape of the flagellum which is cordate and with a posterior depression in M. loobil , whereas in M. infernalis it lacks significant relief, only two inconspicuous dorso-submedian depressions. The spermathecae of M. loobil and M. infernalis are very similar in the median and lateral lobes, but differ in the shape of the chitinized arch, which is V-shaped in M. loobil and U-shaped in M. infernalis .

Supplementary description. The following description and meristic data for the holotype and paratypes supplements the original description by Rowland (1975).

Heteromorphic Male (holotype): Dark brownish, legs, pedipalps and flagellum lighter. Prosoma: Propeltidium with two setae on anterior process and two pairs of dorsal setae; ocular spots shallowly ovoid shape. Mesopeltidial plates 0.24 wide, 0.08 long; gap between the plates 0.24. Metapeltidium 0.34 long, 0.62 wide. Anterior sternum with 13 setae, plus two sternopophysial setae; posterior sternum with six setae.

Chelicerae ( Figs. 10–12 ): Movable finger: Serrula with 18 teeth. Fixed finger with 4 smaller teeth between 2 primary teeth. Setation: Setal group formula: 1:3, 2:6, 3:4, 4:2, 5:7, 6:1. G1 (setae group 1) with three spatulate setae, covered with small spicules starting from the base of the shaft ( Fig. 10 ); G2 composed of six feathered setae, subequal in length, and shorter than movable finger length; G3 with four setae of different sizes (two small and two large), feathered apically and smooth basally; G4 consisting of two setae, smooth, short and thick, spine-like; G5 with seven similar sized setae, feathered apically and longer than fixed finger; G6 with one smooth seta less than a 1/2 of movable finger length.

Pedipalps ( Figs. 14–16 ): Robust; 3.38 times longer than propeltidium length. Trochanter long, 3.23 times longer than high; apical process triangular about 45º; with 12 setae on ventral margin plus two spiniform setae on ventral margin near distal end; mesal surface with a row of three setae near ventral margin, plus two setae near dorsal margin; with a very small medial mesal spur. Femur wide, 1.98 times longer than high, elongated distally; distal margin straight, ventral margin flattened; distal margin on ectal surface with spiniform setiferous tubercle Fv1 and Fv2 small, close to each other; plus Fe1 small spiniform setae on ventral margin; mesal surface with two ventral plus two dorsal spiniform setae (2+2); distal margin of the mesal surface with a long, blunt apophysis (FAP) with one seta on the tip ( Fig. 15 ). Patella strongly curved, inverse U-shaped; with scattered setae and without armature. Tibia elongated with scattered setae; apophysis on ventromesal surface opposable to tarsus, situated medially (TMA). Claw about 1/2 as long as dorsal length of tarsus; spurs asymmetrical, 0.06 long.

Legs: Leg I, basitarsal-telotarsal proportions: 20: 3: 4: 4: 5: 5: 11. Femur IV 2.31 times longer than wide.

Opisthosoma: Tergite I with two pairs of microsetae anteriorly plus one pair macrosetae 2+1; tergite II with three pair microsetae anteriorly plus two pair macrosetae 3+2; tergites III–VII with one pair dorsal setae each; tergites VIII–IX with one pair dorsal and one pair lateral setae each; segments X–XI telescoped with one pair lateral setae and five ventral setae; segment XII with one dorsal, two lateral and four ventral pairs of setae, without posterodorsal process. Sternites with scattered setae; genital aperture with many microsetae.

Flagellum ( Figs. 18–20 ): dorsoventrally flattened, cordate in shape; 1.64 times longer than wide, 2.83 times longer than pedicel length; with one pair of inconspicuous dorso-submedian depressions. Setation: Dm1 situated outside of the bulb base; Dm4 situated distally; Dl1 reduced, 1/3 of Vl1 setae; Dl1 anterior to Vl1; Dl3 at same level as Vl2; pair Vm2 present; seta Vm1 at same level as Vm2 pair; Vm 5 posterior to Vl1. With one pair of antero-dorsal microsetae between Dm1 and Dl1, nearest to Dl1; one pair of antero-lateral microsetae on flagellar pedicel and one pair of irregular clumps between Vl1 and Vl2, each composed of 6 microsetae.

Female (paratype): Similar to male, except in pedipalp development, pedipalp length 2.06 times longer than propeltidium length, pedipalps similar to the homeomorphic male ( Fig. 17 ); setation as on male. Flagellum ( Figs. 21–23 ): with three annuli (original description is incorrect in stating only three segments, i. e., two annuli present). Setation: seta Dl1 not reduced and at same level as Vl1; Dl3 posterior to Vl2; Vm2 present and reduced; seta Vm1 at same level as Vm2. Segment III with one lateral pair of microsetae near to Vm4. Segment IV with one pair of distolateral microsetae near to Dl3. Spermathecae ( Fig. 13 ) with 4 lobes subequal in length; median pair slightly curved at the tip, inverse J-shaped; lateral pair straight; both with duct openings. Gonopod short, wide. Chitinized arch U- shaped, posterior branch wide at the base, with irregular margins, lateral tip not sclerotized. Chelicera: serrula with 18 teeth. Setal group formula 1:3, 2:6, 3:4, 4:2, 5:8, 6:1. Fixed finger with 5 teeth, movable finger with a very small protuberance.

Variation. The homeomorphic male differs from the heteromorphic male mainly due to pedipalp size (total length of the pedipalp in heteromorphic male 3.38, and in homeomorphic male 1.99 times the length of the propeltidium); trochanter without projections on anterior margin; femur without spines and less robust (heteromorphic 2.03, homeomorphic 1.53 times longer than high); the development of the femoral apophysis is very poor in homeomorphic males; the curvature and the ventral margin flattening of the patella is small and slight; the mesal apophysis opposable to tarsus is extremely reduced. Female propeltidium length: 1.03 – 1.07 (n=4). Cheliceral variation in setal group G5: 7 to 8 (mode= 8).

Distribution. This species is distributed in the archeological zone of Palenque and surroundings of the city of Palenque ( Fig. 112 ).

Natural history. The specimens were collected under rocks and rotten logs in a conserved area near the archeological zone, which is a residential complex under development. Two other schizomids, Stenochrus portoricensis and Pacal lacandonus , were collected in sympatry.

Figures

FIGURE 112. Distribution map of the known species of the genus Mayazomus, showing the type localities of the five new species: M. tzotzil, M. aluxe, M. kaamuul, M. yaax and M. loobil

FIGURES 8, 9. Mayazomus infernalis. Male holotype. Habitus: 8. Dorsal view. Female paratype. Habitus: 9. Dorsal view. Scale bar = 2 mm.

FIGURES 10 – 13. Mayazomus infernalis. Male. Chelicera (10 – 12): 10, mesal view. 11, fixed finger. 12, movable finger. Female. Spermathecae: 13, dorsal view. Scale bar (Fig. 13) = 0.05 mm.

FIGURES 14 – 17. Mayazomus infernalis. Heteromorphic male. Pedipalp: 14, ectal view. 15, mesal view. Homeomorphic male. Pedipalp: 16, ectal view. Female. Pedipalp: 17, ectal view. Scale bars = 0.5 mm.

FIGURES 18 – 23. Mayazomus infernalis. Male holotype. Flagellum (18 – 20): 18, dorsal view. 19, ventral view. 20, lateral view. Female. Flagellum (21 – 23): 21, dorsal view. 22, ventral view. 23, lateral view. Scale bars = 0.2 mm.