Brooklynella sinensis, Gong, Jun & Song, Weibo, 2006

Gong, Jun & Song, Weibo, 2006, Description of a new marine cyrtophorid ciliate, Brooklynella sinensis n. sp. from the China Sea with a new definition of the genus Brooklynella (Protozoa, Ciliophora, Cyrtophorida), Zootaxa 1113, pp. 41-49 : 43-46

Brooklynella sinensis n. sp. ( Figs. 1 A–H, 2A–P; Table 1)

Diagnosis: Marine free­living Brooklynella size 40–50 × 20–30 m in vivo, body reniform to oval in outline; 15–17 ventral kineties, of which the rightmost three to four rows extend apically; five postoral kineties without cilia; about six nematodesmal rods; podite about 6 m long; two contractile vacuoles diagonally positioned.

Type location: Mesotrophic coastal water for scallop­farming near Qingdao (36 08’N; 120 43’E).

Type specimens: One holotype of protargol impregnated specimens is deposited in the Natural History Museum, UK (registration number 2005:10:21:1). Two paratype slides (HD­2001080402, HD­2001080403) are deposited in the Laboratory of Protozoology, Ocean University of China, China.

Etymology: Named after the country discovered.

Description: Size rather consistent, 40–50 × 20–30 m in vivo. Reniform to oval in shape outline ( Figs. 1 A; 2A–C). Ventral surface flattened, dorsal side hunched, width to thickness ratio approximately 2:1. Cytostome rounded, about 5 m in diameter, positioned at anterior 1/4 of body length. Cyrtos composed of 4–7 (on average 6) toothed nematodesmal rods, which extend into endoplasm right­posteriorly. Endoplasm colorless, containing several small food granules (2–5 m in diameter) and refrangible crystals (1–2 m across). Macronucleus ovoid, located near body center. Cilia about 5 m long in vivo, cover ventral surface except for postoral and left­posterior regions ( Figs. 1 A; 2A, C). Podite about 6 m long, subcaudally positioned. Two contractile vacuoles, each about 4 m in diameter, diagonally positioned: one right of cytostome; one meridian and anterior of the base of podite ( Figs. 1 A; 2A, C); pulsing interval on average 2 mins. Movement moderately rapid, sliding on substrates, sometimes swimming with rotation.

Infraciliature as shown in Figs. 1 B, C, G and Figs. 2 D–G, I, J, M–P. A total of 15–17 somatic kineties on ventral side ( Table 1). Right kineties 6–7 rows, of which the rightmost 3–4 extend anteriorly and bend to left; 5 postoral kineties almost equal in length (about 1/3 of body length), terminate at posterior 1/3 of body length; 4–5 left rows progressively shortened from right to left, of which the innermost one posteriorly terminates at the same level as postoral rows. Terminal fragment anterior­dorsally positioned, composed of about 10 basal bodies; equatorial fragment usually present, composed of about seven basal bodies. Podite located in body meridian, at level of posterior 1/5–1/4 of body length. Often about five kinetosome­like dots presented near the base of podite ( Figs. 1 B; 2 O, P). Macronucleus juxtaposed heteromerous, size about 11 × 5 m after protargol impregnation. One to three micronuclei, positioned close to macronucleus.

Oral ciliature composed of one preoral and two circumoral kineties. Outer and inner circumoral kineties positioned posterior of preoral kinety, composed of about 10 and six dikinetids, respectively. Preoral kinety shorter than circumoral ones, comprises circa five dikinetids. Cyrtos tapering posteriorly, hook­shaped in protargol impregnated specimens.

m.

Abbreviations: CV = coefficient of variation in %, Max = maximum, Mean = arithmetic mean, Min = minimum, n = number of individuals examined, SD = standard deviation.

Silverline system ladder­like, with many tiny argentophilic granules on silverlines ( Figs. 1 H; 2K, L).

Morphogenesis: Three specimens in divisional stages have been observed. These showed that three of the five postoral kineties join to form the oral primordium ( Figs. 1 D, E; 2H). The oral primordium turns horizontally­oriented thus forms the oral kineties in the proter ( Fig. 1 F).

Figures

FIGURE 1. Brooklynella sinensis n. sp. (A – H) and B. hostilis (I, from Lom & Nigrelli, 1970) from live cells (A), after protargol (B – G, I) and Chatton­Lwoff impregnation (H). (A) Ventral view of a typical individual. (B, C) Ventral (B) and dorsal views (C) of infraciliature, arrow indicates posterior ends of postoral kineties. (D, E, F) Ventral views of individuals in early (D), middle (E) and later (F) stages of morphogenesis; arrow in (D) marks the three postoral kineties in multiplication; arrow in (E) notes the basal bodies that will involve the formation of nematodesmal rods; in (F) arrow indicates the three dikinetidal rows which will form the new oral kineties and double­arrowheads mark cytostome in the opisthe. (G) Right side view of a specimen. (H) Silverline system on dorsal side. (I) Infraciliature. CVP = contractile vacuole pore; Cy = cyrtos; EF = equatorial fragment; Ma = macronucleus; P = podite; TF = terminal fragment. Scale bar = 20

FIGURE 2. Photomicrographs of Brooklynella sinensis n. sp. from live cells (A – C), after protargol (D – J, M – P) and Chatton­Lwoff impregnation (K – L). (A) Ventral view of a typical individual, arrow indicates the podite. (B) Dorsal view. (C) Ventral view, showing the two contractile vacuoles (arrows). (D, M) Infraciliature, arrows mark posterior ends of right kineties. (E) Showing the equatorial fragment (arrow) and postoral kineties (arrowheads). (F) Right­ventral side view, arrows mark the three kineties extending apically. (G) Dorsal views, arrow refers to the terminal fragment. (H) An individual in early morphogenetic stage, to note the three thickened primordium (arrow). (I) Showing the two contractile vacuole pores (arrows). (J) To note the cytostome (arrow) encircled by kinetosome­like dots. (K, L) Silverline system. (N) Dorsal view, showing the terminal fragment (arrow) and cyrtos (arrowhead). (O) Showing the two adjacent contractile vacuole pores (arrow) and kinetosome­like dots (arrowhead) at the base of podite. (P) Focus on the cytostome (arrow) and kinetosome­like dots (arrowhead) near the posterior contractile vacuole pore. Cy = cyrtos; Ma = macronucleus. Scale bars = 20 m.