Macrogynoplax delicata Ribeiro-Ferreira & Froehlich, 1999

Ribeiro, José Moacir Ferreira & Gorayeb, Inocêncio De Sousa, 2015, Description of immatures associated with adults of two species of Macrogynoplax Enderlein and one species of Enderleina Jewett (Plecoptera: Perlidae) of the Brazilian Amazon, Zootaxa 3948 (1), pp. 109-124 : 110-114

Macrogynoplax delicata Ribeiro-Ferreira & Froehlich, 1999

( Figs. 1–11 )

Macrogynoplax delicata Ribeiro-Ferreira & Froehlich 1999: 134 , Figs. 1–5 ; Ribeiro & Rafael 2007: 19 , Figs. 1, 4–5 , 9–17 ; Froehlich 2003: 133 (key); Ribeiro et al. 2009: 34 (catalogue); Froehlich 2010: 184 (catalogue).

Macrogynoplax marauia Froehlich, 2003: 133 , p. 132, figs. 15–18. synonym of M. delicata, Ribeiro & Rafael 2007: 19 .

Diagnosis of nymph. Body light brown. Frons light brown, labrum light yellow; parietália yellowish, light brown at epicranial line. Pronotum light brown, yellowish laterally.

Description of nymph. Female: Body robust, length 9.0–10.0 mm (not including cerci, n=20), general color shiny dark brown to slightly yellowish; body robust ( Fig. 1 ). Head: Antennae dark yellow, basally with dark margin, scape as wide as long. Occiput in dorsal view without spots; frons dark brown, M-line distinct, with small yellow spots lateral to ocelli. Parietalia dark yellow, brown at coronal line and post-frontal line. Eyes black; distance between ocelli 0.4 mm, from ocelli to inner margin of eye, 0.6 mm ( Fig. 2 ). Mouthparts whitish yellow. Labrum light yellow ventrally, and dark yellow on dorsum with thin setae ( Fig. 3 ). Maxillae greenish-yellow, cardo and stipes sclerotized, light yellow, medial margin of stipes sclerotized, dark yellow, and with groups of short subequal robust setae; lacinia with two light brown teeth and a row of six robust, long bristles below teeth ( Fig. 4 ). Mandible whitish yellow with five acute teeth on distal margin, decreasing in size to base, but 4th tooth larger than the 3rd, 5th and 2nd and 4th tooth subequal; two rows of bristles on the ventral margin; first row starting at the base of the 2nd tooth and other at base of the 4th tooth ( Figs. 5, 6 ). Pronotum dark brown, without median spots, posterior margin with median concavity, pronotal sulcus narrow and band lateral wide; ventral side whitish yellow, with sulcus well-marked; angle between the anterior arms of Y-line narrow, without groups of setae on the anterior side or lateral of the Y-line ( Figs. 2 , 8 ). Meso- and metanotum light brown, mesonotum with median light yellow area, with yellowish bands laterally, covered with thin dark pilosity; lateral border, light yellow, spots narrow and long, dark brown pigment extends laterally from apex to base; metanotum similar to mesonotum with variably sized medial spots ( Fig. 7 ). Gills present on ASC [1, 2, 3], PSC [1, 2] with simple branches; PSC [3] with double branches; AT [2, 3] with triple branches and SL with multiple branches ( Fig. 8 ). Prothoracic leg raptorial, light yellow, unpigmented ventrally; coxa with few bristles; trochanter with stout bristles stronger and dense in posterior region; femur light yellow without transverse bristles apically; with bristle short and strong and a fringe of bristle on the dorsoanterior margin; ventral margin with long and sparse bristles and a lobular projection at the distal third, short in dorsal view; tibiae without short band of bristles on anterior and posterior margins; a cluster of fine and dense whitish bristles along of entire segment, posterior margin with three large, strong spines distally; tarsus pale yellow dorsally and ventrally, with bristles fine and long ( Figs. 9, 10 ). Abdomen dorsally light brown, similar to head and thorax; intersegmental membranes darker; segments with complete dorsal row of bristles that at posterior margin becoming more distinct on sterna 8–10. Ventrally, bristles extend to a median gap equal to of sternum width on segments 1–4; bristle row complete on sterna 8–10, eight sternite, with a median U-shaped, short notch; sterna with sparse bristles, posterior three sterna with long bristles distally. Cerci dark to light yellow ( Fig. 11 ).

Male. Unknown.

Variation: Female. Body color ranging from light brown to light yellow with a greenish cast; head with line epicranial well defined and distinct; head without spots and pronotum, meso- and metanotum with light yellow spots; median area with anterior and posterior brown bands; lateral spots variable in length; sterna whitish yellow. Long bristles present on lateral margins of terga 5–10 and on median-lateral margins of sterna 6–10.

Distribution. BRAZIL, Amazonas, Manaus Municipality, Reserva Florestal Adolpho Ducke; Amapá, Macapá Municpality, Floresta Nacional do Amapá (new record); Pará, Peixe-Boi Municipality, Peixe-Boi River Basin, Nova Timboteua Municipality (new record) and São Geraldo do Araguaia Municipality, Serra dos Martírios-Andorinhas (new record).

Remarks. The association with the adult was confirmed by rearing. The nymph differs from M. pulchra by the shiny dark brown color and more robust habitus, the head dark brown, M-line conspicuous, the presence of a slight median concavity on the pronotum, the angle of the anterior arms of the Y-line of mesosternum long, femur uniformly dark yellow to dark brown with a short lobular projection in dorsal and ventral view, and the welldefined dark spots on the wing pads.

Macrogynoplax delicata was the frequently collected species during this study from two river basins of the Reserva Florestal Adolpho Ducke Manaus, Amazonas, two streams in the Floresta Nacional do Amapá, two streams of the Peixe-Boi River Basin, and a stream of Serra dos Martírios-Andorinhas, northeastern and southern of state of Pará. We identified additional adults from the following localities, Reserva Florestal Adolpho Ducke (Manaus, Amazonas, several adults, males and females) INPA and Fazenda Candiru, adult male MPEG.

Material examined. BRASIL, Amazonas State Reserva Florestal Adolpho Ducke ( RFAD), Am-010, Km 30, Barro Branco stream, [aquatic net], 14.vi.1989, L.C. Machado & R.S. Rocha (3 nymphs, INPA); same location, Centro de Instrução de Guerra na Selva ( SIGS), Km 28, Branquinho stream, [aquatic net], 16.vi.1993, A.C. [Ribeiro-Ferreira] (3 nymphs, INPA); same location, [aquatic net], 16.vi.1993, A. Celeste (3 nymphs, INPA); same location, ( RFAD), Barro Branco stream, [aquatic net], 1995, [A. Celeste] (2 nymphs, INPA); same location, [aquatic net], 02.vii.1995, A. Celeste (13 nymphs, INPA); same location, [aquatic net], 11.ix.1995, [A. Celeste] (1 nymphs, INPA); same location, [aquatic net], v. 1995, [A. Celeste] (10 nymphs, INPA); same location, Bons Amigos stream, [aquatic net], 24.iii. 1995, (reared in laboratory), A. Celeste (1 exuvia, 1 adult, INPA); same location, [aquatic net], 06.vi.1995, A. Celeste (1 exúvia, INPA); same location, [aquatic net], 24.iv.1996, S. Cleto (8 nymphs, INPA); same location, Am-010, Km 26, aquatic net, 01.iii.2000, E.C. Litaiff (1 nymph, INPA); same location, Projeto Dinâmica Biológica de Fragmentos Florestais ( PDBFF), Fazenda Dimona, (Rio Cuieiras), leaf litter [aquatic net], 06.ii.2001, J.L. Nessimian (3 nymphs, INPA); same location, Fazenda Dimona, (Rio Cuieiras), leaf litter in riffles, [aquatic net], 07.ii.2001, J.L. Nessimian (1 nymph, INPA); same location, PDBFF, Fazenda Porto Alegre, (Rio Urubu), leaf litter in riffles, [aquatic net], 08.ii.2001, J.L. Nessimian (1 nymph, INPA); same location, Fazenda Esteio, leaf litter in riffles, [aquatic net], 10.ii.2001, J.L. Nessimian (1 nymph, INPA); same location, (Rio Urubu), [aquatic net], 11.ii.2001, J.L. Nessimian (1 nymph, INPA); same location, in riffles [aquatic net], 11.ii.2001, J.L. Nessimian (1 nymph, INPA); same location, Km-41, [aquatic net], 11.ii.2001, J.L. Nessimian (1 nymph, INPA); same location, ZF3, Km 23, Fazenda Esteio/Colosso, (Rio Urubu), 12. ii. 2001, [aquatic net], J.L. Nessimian (3 nymphs, INPA); same location, (Rio Preto da Eva), leaf litter in riffles, 12. ii. 2001, [aquatic net], J.L. Nessimian (1 nymph, INPA); same location, Fazenda Esteio/Gavião, J.L. Nessimian (2 nymphs, INPA); same location, [aquatic net], 12. ii. 2001, J.L. Nessimian (1 nymph, INPA); same location, Reserva [Florestal Adolpho] Ducke, Acar stream, 13.x. 2001, [aquatic net], Ribeiro, J.M.F. (2 nymphs, INPA); same location, PDBFF, Fazenda Esteio/Gavião, (Rio Urubu), leaf litter in riffles, 20.x.2001, [aquatic net], J.L. Nessimian (10 nymphs, INPA); same location, Fazenda Esteio/Dimona, (Rio Cuieiras), 21.x.2001, [aquatic net], J.L. Nessimian (2 nymphs, INPA); same location, 22.x.2001, in riffles, [aquatic net], J.L. Nessimian (1 nymph, INPA); same location, Fazenda Esteio/C. Powell, 23.x.2001, [aquatic net], J.L. Nessimian (2 nymphs, INPA); same location, Reserva do Gavião, 25.x.2001, [aquatic net], J.L. Nessimian (1 nymph, INPA); same location, Br-174, km-7, Fazenda Dimona, in riffles, 07.ii.2002, J.L. [aquatic net], Nessimian (1 nymph, INPA); same location, Reserva [Florestal Adolpho] Ducke, Ipiranga stream, [aquatic net], 13.ix.2002, J.M.F. Ribeiro & J. Vidal (1 nymph, INPA); same location, stream of ounce, [aquatic net], 21.v. 2002, Ribeiro, J.M.F. Ribeiro & F.P. Gouveia (1 nymph, INPA); same location, Reserva [Florestal Adolpho] Ducke, Ipiranga stream, [aquatic net], 12.x.2002, J.M.F. Ribeiro (4 nymphs, INPA); same location, [aquatic net], 15.ix.2002, J.M.F. Ribeiro & J. Vidal (4 nymphs, INPA); same location, Reserva de Desenvolvimento Sustentável do Tupé stream of riffles, leaf litter [aquatic net], 17.viii.2002, (1 nymph, INPA); same location, ZF3, Fazenda Esteio, Ponta Verde stream, 12.vi.2006, leaf litter of S. bifida, J.D. Paula (1 nymph, INPA); same location, Reserva [Florestal Adolpho] Ducke, Ipiranga stream, [aquatic net], 19.iv.2003, Ribeiro, J.M.F (1 exuvia, INPA); same location, PDBFP, [aquatic net], 18–24.ii.2003 (3 nymphs, INPA); same location, Universidade Federal do Amazonas ( UFAM) stream (reared), 12.xi.2007, F.M. Silva & J.M.F. Ribeiro (1 nymph in transition of adult, INPA); same location, UFAM stream (reared), 26.v.2007, F.M. Silva (1 nymph, 1 adult, INPA); same location, Barro Branco stream, [aquatic net], 31.xi.2007, F.M. Silva (1 nymph, INPA); same location, UFAM stream (reared), 21.v.2008, F.M. Silva (3 nymphs, INPA); same location, [aquatic net], 26.v.2008, F.M. Silva (1 nymph, INPA); same location (reared), [aquatic net], 05.ix.2008, F.M. Silva (1 nymph, INPA); same location, Acará stream, [aquatic net], 17.viii.2011, J.M.F. Ribeiro (1 nymph, INPA); Pará State, Nova Timboteua Municipality, Burrinho stream, 12.iii.2010, J.M.F. Ribeiro & M.J. Candido (3 nymphs, MPEG); same location, Peixe-Boi, Municipality, sieve, dragnet, 17.iii.2011, 2 BIS stream, J.M.F. Ribeiro & Monteiro-Junior (3 nymphs, MPEG); same location, São Geraldo do Araguaia, Municipality, Serra dos Martírios-Andorinhas, 30.x.2011, [aquatic net, sieve, dragnet], Água Verde stream, 0 6 0539,6´´S 48 2919,9´´W, J.M.F Ribeiro & C.R.M. Santos (1 nymph, MPEG). Amapá, Macapá, Municipality, Floresta Nacional do Amapá, PPBio, Japiim stream, between the trails I e II, (00o58’37,5’’S 51o36’50 W), [aquatic net, sieve, dragnet], 22–30.x.2009, J.M.F. Ribeiro & C.R.M. Santos (5 nymphs, MPEG).

Ecological notes. Nymphs of M. delicata were collected from rocky substrates with leaf packs, most commonly associated with leaf litter, but sometimes found on submerged logs in riffle reaches. Nymphs could be collected from substrates as described above from pristine streams with little sedimentation to those that have been impacted by deforestation. Adults of this species were rarely collected even when using light traps. Physicochemical parameters of selected streams are presented in Table 1 .

BB = Amazonas, Manaus, Reserva Florestal Adolpho Ducke, Barro Branco Stream; 2BIS = Pará, Peixe-Boi River basin, second BIS Stream; AV = Pará, Serra dos Martírios-Andorinhas, Água Verde Stream, JA = Amapá, Floresta Nacional do Amapá, Japiim Stream.

Figures

FIGURES 1 – 6. Female Macrogynoplax delicata. 1 — body; 2 — head and pronotum, dorsal view; 3 — head, ventral view; 4 — maxillae and lacinia; 5 — mandible, dorsal view; 6 — mandible, ventral view (photos: J. M. F. Ribeiro).

FIGURES 7 – 11. Female Macrogynoplax delicata. 7 — wing pad; 8 — sternal sulci and gills; 9 – 10 — legs, dorsal and ventral views; 11 — Abdomen, ventral view. (photos: J. M. F. Ribeiro).

FIGURES 12 – 17. Female Macrogynoplax pulchra. 12 — body; 13 — head and pronotum, dorsal view; 14 — head, ventral view; 15 — maxillae and lacinia; 16 — mandible, dorsal view; 17 — mandible, ventral view (photos: J. M. F. Ribeiro).

Tables

TABLE 1. Physicochemical parameters of streams in Brazil where Macrogynoplax delicata was collected.

Parameters	BB	2BIS	AV	JA
Water temperature (o C)	26.0	26.0	24.0	24.0
pH	4.5	6.0	6.7	5.4
Specific conductance (uS/cm)	13.5	12.0	15.4	13.6
Dissolved oxygen (mg/l)	46.0	6.8	27.0	2.8
Width (m)	3.0	2.5	2.7	3.5
Depth (cm)	0.75	0.36	0.24	0.4
Velocity (m/s)	0.6	0.25	0.31	0.6
Discharge (m3/s)	1.35	0.25	0.31	0.9