Indalia lutarella lutarella ( Linnaeus, 1758 ) Macià & Ylla & Gastón & Huertas & Bau, 2022

Macià, Ramon, Ylla, Josep, Gastón, Javier, Huertas, Manuel & Bau, Josep, 2022, The species of Eilema Hübner, [1819] sensu lato present in Europe and North Africa (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae: Lithosiini), Zootaxa 5191 (1), pp. 1-87 : 31-32

Indalia lutarella lutarella ( Linnaeus, 1758) comb. nov.

Original combination: Phalena Tinea lutarella Linnaeus, 1758 . Systema Nature (ed. 10) 1: 535.

T. L.: Europe.

Material examined. SWEDEN: 2 ♂, Hallstahammar , Vastmanland, 27.vii.1978, E. Neutsen leg. ; 1 ♀, Västeräs , Vastmanland, 2.viii.2009, J. Ylla leg.

DENMARK: 1 ♂, Svaneke, Nordskov, 10.viii.2019, A. Madsen leg. ; 1 ♂, Arnager, 26.vii.2018, A. Madsen leg.

Diagnosis. Sexual dimorphism slight, the females somewhat smaller and brighter.The species is easily distinguished by the ochreous or yellow colour, dark grey to greyish-brown in the costal area of the hindwing. The dark frons, together with the large and dark eyes, make the whole head very dark when viewed from the front. Wing colour is usually more vivid, the ochreous-yellow colour deeper and the dark infusion more intense than in Indalia pygmaeola and Indalia marcida .

Re-description. Imago ( Figs. 25–26 ). Wingspan of males around 25–30 mm, females 20–26 mm.

Genitalia ( Fig. 61 ). Male genitalia: Uncus thick and short; valvae ovoid, pointed, with rounded cucullus; saccular process short and broad, weakly sclerotised, not reaching the end of the valva; juxta, rectangular, small and weakly sclerotised; vinculum short. Aedeagus cylindrical, thick and with two large and very sharp cornuti. Female genitalia: Anal papillae small, although well sclerotised; ostium bursae membranous; ductus bursam broad, membranous and quite short; corpus bursa rounded with central signum. The membranous process leading to the ductus seminalis is short and extremely wide.

Immature stages. Not studied.

Molecular data. No samples belonging Indalia lutarella lutarella subspecies have been analysed for DNA. The published data from BOLD includes 27 specimens of Indalia lutarella from 7 countries ( Austria, Germany, Finland, Norway, France, Spain and Russia), but only one example is specified as subsp. Indalia lutarella lutarella (NOCJB076-08) from Rhone-Alpes, France and another one as subsp. Indalia lutarella luqueti (NOCJB077-08) from Alpes-Maritimes, France. However, the sequences from these two records differ only in one nucleotide. The 27 records from BOLD form a single BIN cluster (BOLD: ABZ2872) and a specific analysis of their within-group p-distance (average 0.28%; max. 2.68%, var. 0.15%) is relatively low and does not clearly split the data in groups that could coincide with subspecific forms.

Biology. Univoltine, flying between June and August, favouring mountainous, sunny biotopes on calcareous soils, located at low elevations in the Scandinavian region, but extending up to 2400 m, above the tree line in many locations and reaching up to the alpine meadows. Adults active by day and at night, when the males, occasionally females, are attracted to artificial light. Larvae feed on lichens from logs, stones and rocks, as well as dry or decomposing plant material ( Ylla et al. 2010).

Distribution ( Fig. 107 ). Transpalaearctic.Throughout Europe, except the British Isles, northern Scandinavia and southern Balkans, extending east to Siberia and central and northern Asia. The actual distribution of nominotypical Indalia lutarella should be correctly defined taking into account the distribution of subsp. Indalia lutarella luqueti .

Observations. The taxon originally described as Ilema lutarella var diluta Rothschild, 1917 from Algeria, characterized by not having the yellow hue, is conspecific with marcida and not with lutarella .

The taxonomic identity of the southern Scandinavian populations remains to be clarified due to the presence of certain differences between the genitalia of the typical populations from Sweden and Denmark. Several individual forms have been described.

Figures

FIGURE 61. Indalia lutarella lutarella male and female genitalia, gen. prep. 7351JG, Hallstahammar, Vastmanland (Sweden); 7330JG, Västeras, Vastmanland (Sweden).

FIGURES 25–32. 25. Indalia lutarella lutarella (Linnaeus, 1758). Male: Hallstahammar, Vastmanland, Suécia, 27.vii.1978, E. Neutsen leg.; 26. Female: Västeräs, Vastmanland, Suécia, 2.viii.2009, J. Ylla leg. 27. Indalia lutarella luqueti Leraut, 2006. Male: Font del home Mort, Queralbs (Girona) Spain, 1500 m, 29.vii.2006, R. Macià-J. Ylla leg.; 28. Female: Font del home Mort, Queralbs (Girona) Spain, 1500 m, 29.vii.2006, R. Macià & J. Ylla leg.; 29. Indalia pygmaeola pygmaeola (Doubleday, 1847). Male: Bredene litoral, Belgica, 30.vi.1987, F. Bolland leg.; 30. Female: Bredene litoral, Belgica, 30.vi.1987, F. Bolland leg.; 31. Indalia pygmaeola pallifrons (Zeller, 1847). Male: El Cerro, Gredilla la Polera (Burgos) Spain, 980 m, 31TUN40, 14.vi.2017, R. Macià leg.; 32. Female: El Cerro, Gredilla la Polera (Burgos) Spain, 980 m, 31TUN40, 14.vi.2017, R. Macià leg.

FIGURES 95–109. 95. Eilema caniola caniola; 96. Eilema caniola torsteni; 97. Manulea complana; 98. Manulea iberica; 99. Manulea pseudocomplana; 100. Manulea palliatella; 101. Manulea costalis; 102. Indalia marcida; 103. Indalia predotae; 104. Indalia albicosta; 105. Indalia interposita; 106. Indalia uniola; 107. Indalia lutarella lutarella; 108. Indalia lutarella luqueti; 109. Indalia pygmaeola pygmaeola.