Disholandricus lasius ( Ashmead, 1896 ) Melika & Pujade-Villar & Nicholls & Cuesta-Porta & Stone, 2021

Melika, George, Pujade-Villar, Juli, Nicholls, James A., Cuesta-Porta, Victor & Stone, Graham N., 2021, Three new Nearctic genera of oak cynipid gall wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini): Burnettweldia Pujade-Villar, Melika & Nicholls, Nichollsiella Melika, Pujade-Villar & Stone, Disholandricus Melika, Pujade-Villar & Nicholls; and re-establishment of the genus Paracraspis Weld, Zootaxa 4993 (1), pp. 1-81 : 53-57

Disholandricus lasius ( Ashmead, 1896) , comb. nov.

Figs 154–165 , 179–181

Callirhytis lasius Ashmead, 1896: 132 , female, gall.

Andricus lasius (Ashmead) : Weld, 1951: 634.

Disholcaspis lasius (Ashmead) : Melika & Abrahamson, 2002: 172.

Kinsey (1922) described two varieties: A. lasius var. areolatus Kinsey, 1922 , syn. nov. and A. lasius var. sublasius Kinsey, 1922 , syn. nov.

Types examined. Holotype female labeled as „Type No. 3091 USNM ”, handwritten label „ Callirhytis lasius Ash. ”, „3795 Dec. 14.86”, deposited in the USNM (http://n 2t.net/ark:/65665/355d63e24-9995-4a17-980b-5a4eb97fe58b), examined by GM.

Material examined. Nine females: five females labelled as „ USA, California, 30 km NE of Arnold, Code CA870 , leg. J.A. Nicholls , 2007.11.06, Quercus vacciniifolia ”; one female „ USA, California, Irvine Lodge picnic area, Code CA966 , leg. J.A. Nicholls , 2007.11.03., Quercus chrysolepis ”; 3 females „ USA, Arizona, Oak Creek Canyon , Q. chrysolepis , galltype 106; leg. J.A. Nicholls , 2007.11.01 ”. Voucher specimen labelled as „ USA, California, 30 km NE of Arnold, Code CA870 , leg. J.A. Nicholls , 2007.11.06, Quercus vacciniifolia ”. All specimens are deposited in the collection of PHDNRL .

Diagnosis. Disholandricus lasius most closely resembles D. truckeensis , in both species the notaulus is complete, which always reaching the pronotum ( Figs 161–162 , 173–174 ) and the prominent part of the ventral spine of the hypopygium as long as broad. In D. lasius the head is rounded in frontal view, the gena slightly broadened behind the eye and ocelli are not elevated above vertex in frontal view; the head is 2.0x as broad as long in dorsal view; LOL 2.0x as long as the diameter of the lateral ocellus ( Figs 154–157 ); mesoscutellar foveae are transverse, at least 2.0x as broad as high ( Fig. 162 ); the metasoma is longer than high in lateral view ( Fig. 164 ); the radial cell of the forewing is short, less than 4.0x as long as broad while in D. truckeensis the head is transverse in frontal view, the gena is strongly broadened behind the eye and ocelli elevated above the vertex in frontal view, the head is around 3.0x as broad as long in dorsal view; LOL only slightly longer than the diameter of the lateral ocellus ( Figs 183–186 ); mesoscutellar foveae are rounded, as broad as high ( Fig. 191 ); the metasoma is shorter than high in lateral view ( Fig. 192 ); the radial cell of the forewing 4.8x as long as broad.

Description. Asexual female ( Figs 154–165 ). Head, mesosoma, metasoma, antenna, legs uniformly yellow; some specimens a slightly darker yellowish brown.

Head alutaceous, rounded or transverse, with sparse white setae, denser posteriorly, 2.0x as broad as long in dorsal view; 1.2x as broad as high in frontal view and narrower than mesosoma. Gena alutaceous, broadened behind eye in frontal view; in lateral view, ventral part distinctly broader than transverse diameter of eye and in dorsal part as broad as transverse diameter of eye. Malar space delicately coriaceous, without striae and sulcus; eye 1.8x as high as length of malar space. Inner margins of eyes parallel. Ocelli not elevated above vertex in frontal view; POL 1.7x as long as OOL; OOL 2.5x as long as diameter of lateral ocellus, 1.2x as long as LOL; ocelli ovate, all three equal in size, central ocellus black, lateral ocelli white, translucent. Transfacial distance 1.4x as long as height of eye and 1.6x as long as height of lower face (distance between antennal rim and ventral margin of clypeus); toruli level with upper half of eye; diameter of antennal torulus 1.2x as long as distance between them, distance between torulus and eye margin 1.4x as long as diameter of torulus. Lower face alutaceous, glabrous, with few striae, with slightly elevated alutaceous median area. Clypeus rectangular, flat, broader than high, delicately coriaceous, ventrally rounded, emarginate, not incised medially; anterior tentorial pit deep, epistomal sulcus and clypeo-pleurostomal line distinct. Frons, interocellar area, area between toruli alutaceous to delicately reticulate; vertex, occiput uniformly alutaceous. Postgena, postocciput delicately coriaceous; postocciput around occipital foramen impressed, smooth, glabrous, with delicate parallel striae above occipital foramen; posterior tentorial pits large, deep, elongate; height of oral foramen slightly shorter than height of postgenal bridge+occipital foramen; occipital foramen shorter than height of postgenal bridge; hypostomal carina emarginate, continuing into postgenal sulcus; postgenal sulci V-shaped, gradually bent outwards; postgenal bridge smooth, glabrous, anteriorly as broad as width of occipital foramen. Antenna as long as head+mesosoma, with 12 flagellomeres, all flagellomeres with long dense setae; pedicel slightly longer than broad, F1 slightly longer than scape+pedicel, 1.2x as long as F2, F2 longer than F3, F3 slightly longer than F4, F5=F6, F7 till F11 nearly equal in length, F12 1.5x as long as F11; placodeal sensilla on F3–F12.

Mesosoma longer than high in lateral view. Pronotum alutaceous, with white setae, without striae laterally, emarginate along lateral edge; propleuron delicately alutaceous, with dense white setae. Mesoscutum delicately coriaceous, with piliferous points, with uniformly distributed white sparse setae; longer than broad (width measured across base of tegulae); notauli complete, with smooth bottom, converging posteriorly; median mesoscutal line absent; anterior parallel line inconspicous, parapsidal line not impressed, indicated by smooth stripe, reaching to 2/3 of mesoscutum length; parascutal carina narrow, anteriorly extending to pronotum. Transscutal articulation deep, distinct. Mesoscutellum slightly longer than broad, trapezoid, rounded posteriorly; shorter than mesoscutum, uniformly coriaceous, overhanging metanotum; mesoscutellar foveae semilunar, transverse, at least 2.0x as broad as high, with smooth, glabrous bottom, divided by narrow central elevated carina. Mesopleuron, including speculum, delicately microreticulate to alutaceous, glabrous, with setae; mesopleural triangle smooth, with white setae and some delicate irregular short rugae. Metapleural sulcus reaching mesopleuron slightly above half of its height, upper part of sulcus indistinct; dorsal and lateral axillar areas coriaceous, with dense setae; axillar carina broad, with longitudinal striae; subaxillular bar triangular, smooth, glabrous, at its most posterior end slightly higher than the height of metanotal trough. Metascutellum delicately coriaceous, as high as the height of smooth, glabrous ventral impressed area; metanotal trough smooth, glabrous, with white setae and indistinct longitudinal parallel rugae. Lateral propodeal carinae distinct, bent slightly outwards in posterior third, reaching anterior edge of propodeum; central propodeal area smooth, glabrous, with few short rugae in posterolateral part and central, median, longitudinal carina starting at anterior edge and extending to 1/4 of propodeum length; lateral propodeal area with dense white setae and piliferous points; nucha short, glabrous with delicate longitudinal sulci dorsally and laterally. Tarsal claws with acute basal lobe.

Forewing longer than body, with light brown veins, margin with short cilia; radial cell opened, 3.75x as long as broad, R1 and Rs not reaching wing margin; areolet triangular, delimited by indistinct veins; Rs+M indistinct, invisible (in some specimens visible for only 1/3 of the distance between areolet and basalis.

Metasoma longer than head+mesosoma, longer than high in lateral view, smooth; second metasomal tergum smooth, glabrous with white setae anterolaterally, reaching to 1/3 of metasoma length dorsally; subsequent terga and hypopygium smooth, glabrous, without setae; prominent part of ventral spine of hypopygium as long as broad, spine gradually narrowing until apex, with long setae extending far beyond apex of spine, forming a distinct tuft. Body length 2.8–3.2 mm (n = 6).

Gall. ( Figs 179–181 ). Round, hairy, multilocular, detachable galls on midrib, underside of leaves. Sometimes galls develop on large lateral veins and sometimes the leaf disappears. Mature galls are dirty beige colored, golden yellow (occasionally with a reddish tinge) with brown hairs when young. Hairs are 3 to 4 mm long; the gall mass up to 10 mm in diameter. Up to six larval chambers are radially located around the point of attachment ( Russo 2006).

Biology. The asexual generation is only known, inducing galls on Q. vacciniifolia and Q. chrysolepis . Galls develop in summer-autumn, mature in late autumn; adults emerge from January to March.

Distribution. USA: Arizona, California ( Burks 1979, authors).

Figures

FIGURES 154–159. Disholandricus lasius, comb. nov., asexual female. 154–157, head: 154, frontal view, 155, dorsal view, 156, lateral view, 157, posterior view. 158, antenna. 159, mesosoma and propleura, frontal view.

FIGURES 160–163. Disholandricus lasius, comb. nov., asexual female. 160, mesosoma, lateral view. 161, mesoscutum, dorsal view. 162, mesoscutellum, dorsal view. 163, metascutellum and propodeum, posterodorsal view.

FIGURES 164–165. Disholandricus lasius, comb. nov., asexual female. 164–165, metasoma: 164, lateral view, 165, ventral view.

FIGURES 179–182. Disholandricus asexual galls: 179–181, D. lasius, comb. nov.. 182, D. chrysolepidis, comb. nov..

FIGURES 172–175. Disholandricus reniformis, comb. nov., asexual female. 172, mesosoma, lateral view. 173, mesoscutum, dorsal view. 174, mesoscutellum, dorsal view. 175, metascutellum and propodeum, posterodorsal view.

FIGURES 183–188. Disholandricus truckeensis, comb. nov., asexual female. 183–186, head: 183, frontal view, 184, dorsal view, 185, lateral view, 186, posterior view. 187, antenna. 188, mesosoma and propleura, frontal view.

FIGURES 189–192. Disholandricus truckeensis, comb. nov., asexual female. 189, mesosoma, lateral view. 190, mesoscutum, dorsal view. 191, mesoscutellum, dorsal view. 192, metasoma, lateral view.