Peltidocylapus Carvalho, 1968

Wolski, Andrzej, 2021, Revised classification of the New World Cylapini (Heteroptera: Miridae: Cylapinae): taxonomic review of the genera Cylapinus, Cylapoides and Peltidocylapus and a morphology-based phylogenetic analysis of tribe Cylapini, Zootaxa 5074 (1), pp. 1-66 : 36-38

publication ID	https://doi.org/ 10.11646/zootaxa.5074.1.1
publication LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:pub:7B3C6765-F0D2-4846-BB95-200258ECC0E1
DOI	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5784466
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039587FB-AE47-FFAE-FF51-118E47A6FC49
treatment provided by	Plazi
scientific name	Peltidocylapus Carvalho
status

Treatment

Peltidocylapus Carvalho View in CoL

Peltidocylapus Poppius, 1909: 11 View in CoL (new genus). Type species: Peltidocylapus rugosus ( Distant, 1883) View in CoL (designated by Carvalho 1957).

Peltidocylapus: Carvalho & Fontes 1968: 274 View in CoL (diagnosis), 275; Schuh 1995: 32 (catalog), 2002–2013 (catalog online); Gorczyca 2000: 48 (list), 2006a: 17 (catalog); Wolski 2017 (406) (key to genera of worldwide Cylapini ).

Cylapus (Peltidocylapus) : Bergroth 1920: 71 (list); Carvalho, 1957: 31 (catalog).

Diagnosis. Recognized by the following set of features: pronotum covered with fine, short, recumbent and/or semirecumbent setae ( Figs 7d, e View FIGURE 7 , 11g, m, n View FIGURE 11 ); ostiolar peritreme broad and moderately raised above evaporative areas ( Figs 10d View FIGURE 10 , 11i View FIGURE 11 ); scutellum usually with broad, longitudinal, more or less developed swelling medially ( Figs 4 a–d View FIGURE 4 , 6 View FIGURE 6 , 7d View FIGURE 7 , 11g, m View FIGURE 11 ); mesepimeron impunctate ( Figs 10d View FIGURE 10 , 11i View FIGURE 11 ); left paramere C-shaped, apical process usually with more or less developed outgrowth dorso-basally ( Figs 12m, n, s, t View FIGURE 12 , 13d, e, j, k, p, q View FIGURE 13 , 14c, d, i, j View FIGURE 14 ); right paramere sickle–shaped (12o, u, 13f, l, r, 14e, k, q, u); endosoma usually without sclerites, only with sclerotized lobe ( Figs 12j–l, p–r View FIGURE 12 , 13a–c, g–i, m–o View FIGURE 13 , 14a, b, f, g, l–n View FIGURE 14 ), rarely endosoma furnished with sclerites ( Fig. 14r View FIGURE 14 ); distal sclerotized part of ductus seminis usually strongly enlarged, caliciform, with dorsal portion weakly sclerotized, transparent ( Figs 12j, k, p, q View FIGURE 12 , 13a, g, m View FIGURE 13 , 14a, f, l View FIGURE 14 ), rarely endosoma with small distal portion of ductus seminis ( Fig. 14r View FIGURE 14 ); bursa copulatrix ovoid ( Figs 18a–c View FIGURE 18 , 19a, b, d, e View FIGURE 19 ); sclerotized rings paired, well-developed, occupying most of bursa copulatrix, usually kidneyshaped ( Figs 18b, c View FIGURE 18 , 19a, b, d View FIGURE 19 ); lateral oviducts thick ( Figs 18a, c View FIGURE 18 , 19a, d View FIGURE 19 ); vermiform gland originating from area situated weakly below lateral oviducts ( Figs 18a, c View FIGURE 18 , 19a, e View FIGURE 19 ); ventral labiate with broad, well-developed sclerotization ( Figs 18d View FIGURE 18 , 19c View FIGURE 19 ); posterior wall of bursa copulatrix membranous ( Fig. 19f View FIGURE 19 ).

Redescription. Female. COLORATION. Dorsum usually uniformly dark brown to black ( Figs 4–6 View FIGURE 4 View FIGURE 5 View FIGURE 6 ). TEXTURE AND VESTITURE. Dorsum deeply and densely punctate ( Figs 4–6 View FIGURE 4 View FIGURE 5 View FIGURE 6 , 11g, m View FIGURE 11 ). Head. Matte; covered with short, sparse, semi -recumbent setae; antennal segment I covered with several semi -recumbent setae; segment II from shiny and glabrous to matte and covered with short, relatively dense, semi recumbent setae; segments III and IV covered with semi recumbent, short, moderately dense setae. Thorax. Pronotum. Covered with relatively dense, short, recumbent setae; calli usually impunctate, rarely weakly punctate; posterior lobe densely punctate ( Figs 4–6 View FIGURE 4 View FIGURE 5 View FIGURE 6 , 11 View FIGURE 11 gm m). Scutellum. Covered with short, sparse recumbent setae or with long, semi-recumbent or erect setae ( Figs 11h, l View FIGURE 11 ). Thoracic pleura. Covered with fine, sparse to dense setae; proepisternum impunctate, shiny; proepimeron punctate; remaining pleura smooth to rugose ( Figs 10d View FIGURE 10 , 11i View FIGURE 11 ). Hemelytron. Punctate, covered with fine, sparse to dense setae ( Figs 4–6 View FIGURE 4 View FIGURE 5 View FIGURE 6 , 11g, m View FIGURE 11 ). Abdomen. Covered with short, semi-recumbent setae. STRUCTURE. Macropterous; body usually elongate, rarely elongate oval ( Figs 4–6 View FIGURE 4 View FIGURE 5 View FIGURE 6 ). Head. Vertex not carinate posteriorly ( Figs 11g, m View FIGURE 11 ), medial, longitudinal sulcus strongly developed, vertex V-shaped in anterior view; eyes strongly pedunculate; clypeus moderately convex, its base distinctly removed from ventral margin of eye; antennal fossa strongly removed from suture between maxillary and mandibular plates ( Figs 8c–h View FIGURE 8 , 9a, g View FIGURE 9 ); antenna longer than body length, thread-like; antennal segment I weakly broadened toward apex; antennal segment II mostly cylindrical, weakly and narrowly broadened basally, weakly broadened toward apex; segments III and IV filiform ( Figs 4–6 View FIGURE 4 View FIGURE 5 View FIGURE 6 , 7d, e View FIGURE 7 ); labium thick, reaching abdominal segments II or III ( Fig. 7d View FIGURE 7 , 11n View FIGURE 11 ). Thorax. Pronotum. Collar relatively narrow, depressed, separated by shallow sulcus; calli distinct, moderately convex, divided by distinct, longitudinal sulcus; posterior lobe flat or with more less distinct swelling medially; lateral margin not carinate ( Figs 4– 6 View FIGURE 4 View FIGURE 5 View FIGURE 6 , 11n View FIGURE 11 ). Mesoscutum and scutellum. Mesoscutum weakly convex; scutellum with distinct, longitudinal swelling medially ( Figs 4–6 View FIGURE 4 View FIGURE 5 View FIGURE 6 , 7d View FIGURE 7 , 11g, m View FIGURE 11 ). Thoracic pleura. Mesepimeral spiracle with weakly developed evaporative bodies; metepisternum with broad evaporative bodies occupying ventral portion of segment; ostiolar peritreme placed medially on metepisternum, moderately raised above surface of evaporative areas, oval, blunt; metepisternum with distinct posterior carina ( Figs 10d View FIGURE 10 , 11i View FIGURE 11 ). Legs. Long, metafemur longest ( Figs 4c View FIGURE 4 , 5a, d View FIGURE 5 , 6a View FIGURE 6 7d View FIGURE 7 ); tarsus with tarsomere II and III tarsomeres combined twice as long as tarsomere I ( Figs 10j View FIGURE 10 , 11o View FIGURE 11 ). Abdomen. Genitalia. Bursa copulatrix ovoid ( Figs 18a–c View FIGURE 18 , 19a, b, d, e View FIGURE 19 ); sclerotized rings paired, well-developed, occupying most of bursa copulatrix, kidney-shaped ( Figs 18b, c View FIGURE 18 , 19a, b, d View FIGURE 19 ); lateral oviducts thick ( Figs 18a, c View FIGURE 18 , 19a, d View FIGURE 19 ); vermiform gland originating from area situated weakly below lateral oviducts ( Figs 18a, c View FIGURE 18 , 19a, e View FIGURE 19 ); ventral labiate with broad, well-developed sclerotization ( Figs 18d View FIGURE 18 , 19c View FIGURE 19 ); posterior wall of bursa copulatrix membranous ( Fig. 19f View FIGURE 19 ).

Male. Like female in coloration, structure, texture, and vestiture. Genitalia. Theca well sclerotized; endosoma usually with ductus seminis short and thick, distal, sclerotized portion of ductus seminis strongly developed, caliciform, dorsal portion weakly sclerotized, transparent ( Figs 12j–l, p–r View FIGURE 12 , 13a, g, m View FIGURE 13 , 14a, f, l View FIGURE 14 ), rarely ductus seminis moderately thickened and relatively long, distal, sclerotized portion of ductus seminis relatively small ( Fig. 14r View FIGURE 14 ); endosoma membranous, usually without sclerotized appendages ( Figs 12p View FIGURE 12 , 13a View FIGURE 13 , 14a, b, f, g View FIGURE 14 ), sometimes with sclerotized, serrate lobe apically (12j, l, 13g, h, m, n, 14l–n), rarely endosoma with long sclerotized appendages ( Figs 14r View FIGURE 14 ); left paramere C-shaped, apical process usually with baso-dorsal, more or less developed outgrowth (12m, n, s, t, 13d, e, j, k, p, q, 14c, d, i, j); right paramere sickle-shaped ( Figs 12o, u View FIGURE 12 , 13f, l, r View FIGURE 13 , 14e, k, q, u View FIGURE 14 ).

Remarks. Peltidocylapus as here defined is most like Valdasus Stal in sharing the character of the metathoracic ostiolar peritreme characteristic of being oval, relatively broad, and moderately raised above the evaporative areas. In Amapacylapus and Cylapus , the ostiolar peritreme is strongly raised above evaporative area and is either narrow and ear-like ( Amapacylapus ) or arcuate and sharply pointed ( Cylapus ) ( Wolski 2017; Wolski et al. 2020). Peltidocylapus can be easily distinguished from Valdasus by the pronotum being covered with short, recumbent or semi-recumbent setae (erect and long in Valdasus ) and the impunctate mesepimeron (rugo-punctate or punctate in Valdasus ). Both the equally weighted and the implied weight analyses presented in this paper recovered a grouping composed of taxa belonging to Peltidocylapus and Valdasus , and the IW analysis showed a sister group relationship of both genera ( Fig. 2 View FIGURE 2 ). In contrast, the EW analysis recovered a polyphyletic Peltidocylapus and an unresolved position of Valdasus ( Fig. 1 View FIGURE 1 ), which casts doubt on the taxonomic arrangement presented in the present paper. In this scenario Peltidocylapus spinosus sp. nov. receives an uncertain position within the clade Peltidocylapus + Valdasus . This is the only analyzed Peltidocylapus species having the endosoma with the sclerites ( Fig. 14r View FIGURE 14 ). Remaining taxa included in the analysis possess an endosoma without sclerites ( Figs 12j View FIGURE 12 , 13a View FIGURE 13 ) and this character was shown to unite these species in the EW analysis ( Fig. 2 View FIGURE 2 ). Unfortunately, I was not able to study the female and male genitalia of P. cerbereus , P. festinabundus , P. nubilus , P. picatus or P. politus , and therefore they were not included in the analysis. Future exploration of the genitalic structures of these taxa will give more complete data and allow for better understanding of the relationships within Peltidocylapus and providing a more stable classification of the genus.

Key to species of Peltidocylapus View in CoL

1. Scutellum yellow ( Fig. 5e View FIGURE 5 )................................................ Peltidocylapus politus ( Poppius, 1909) View in CoL

- Scutellum brown to black ( Figs 4 View FIGURE 4 , 5a–d View FIGURE 5 , 6 View FIGURE 6 )................................................................. 2

2. Total length greater than 5.0 mm......................................................................... 3

- Body smaller than 5.0 mm............................................................................. 11

3. Pronotum with broad, yellow tinged stripe on each lateral margin ( Fig. 4e View FIGURE 4 ); hemelytron dark brown with yellow stripes on clavus and corium ( Fig. 4e View FIGURE 4 )......................................... Peltidocylapus festinabundus ( Bergroth, 1922)

- Pronotum uniformly black ( Figs 4a, b, d View FIGURE 4 , 5c View FIGURE 5 , 6 View FIGURE 6 ); hemelytron dark brown, with large black areas ( Figs 4a, b, d View FIGURE 4 , 5c View FIGURE 5 , 6 View FIGURE 6 )...... 4

4. Posterior lobe of pronotum flat ( Fig. 6d View FIGURE 6 ); endosoma with four strongly developed sclerites ( Fig. 14r View FIGURE 14 ).............................................................................................. Peltidocylapus spinosus sp. nov.

- Posterior lobe of pronotum with longitudinal swelling medially ( Figs 4a, b, d View FIGURE 4 , 5c View FIGURE 5 , 6a–c View FIGURE 6 , 11g, m View FIGURE 11 ); endosoma without any sclerites ( Figs 12j, l, p, r View FIGURE 12 , 13a–c, g–i, m–o View FIGURE 13 , 14a, b, f, g, l–n View FIGURE 14 ), or sometimes with sclerotized lobe apically ( Figs 12l View FIGURE 12 , 13g –h View FIGURE 13 , 14l View FIGURE 14 )...... 5

5. Antennal segment II with relatively broad, apical, white annulation that is as wide as half of interocular distance ( Figs 6a, b View FIGURE 6 ); clavus with short, longitudinal yellow whitish patch subapically ( Figs 6a, b View FIGURE 6 ); lateral outgrowth on basal portion of left paramere apical process short in dorsal view ( Figs 14c, d, i, j View FIGURE 14 ); distal part of ductus seminis short, occupying not more than one-third of endosoma ( Figs 14a, b, f–h View FIGURE 14 ), its ventro-apical margin with medial incision ( Figs 14b, h View FIGURE 14 )............................. 6

- Antennal segment II with narrow white annulation on apex, much narrower than half of interocular distance ( Figs 4a, b, d View FIGURE 4 , 5c View FIGURE 5 , 6c View FIGURE 6 , 7d View FIGURE 7 ); clavus without yellow patch ( Figs 4a, b, d View FIGURE 4 , 5c View FIGURE 5 , 6c View FIGURE 6 ); distal part of ductus seminis inside endosoma more or less caliciform, long, occupying half of endosoma length, its ventro-apical margin straight or weakly convex ( Figs 12l, r View FIGURE 12 , 13b, o View FIGURE 13 , 14n View FIGURE 14 ). ................................................................................................... 7

6. Ventro-apical margin of ductus seminis inside endosoma with deep incision ( Fig. 14b View FIGURE 14 )..... Peltidocylapus rugosus (Distant) View in CoL

- Ventro-apical margin of distal part of ductus seminis inside endosoma with shallow incision ( Fig. 14h View FIGURE 14 )..................

1 Peltidocylapus tapirapensis Carvalho & Rosas, 1968 View in CoL is not included in the key. See discussion under the species for further details......................................................................... Peltidocylapus scutellaris Poppius View in CoL

7. Medial, convex part of scutellum with long, erect setae (as in Fig. 11l View FIGURE 11 )............................................8

- Medial, convex part of scutellum practically glabrous or with short, semi-recumbent setae (as in Fig. 11h View FIGURE 11 )............... 9

8. Apical process of left paramere with distinctly developed lateral outgrowth ( Figs 13d, e View FIGURE 13 )..................................................................................................... Peltidocylapus ecuadorensis sp. nov.

- Apical process of left paramere without any lateral outgrowth ( Figs 14o, p View FIGURE 14 )............... Peltidocylapus simplex sp. nov.

9. Distal part of ductus seminis inside endosoma nearly rectangular and lateral margins very weakly arcuate ( Figs 13m, o View FIGURE 13 ).............................................................................. Peltidocylapus parallelus sp. nov.

- Distal part of ductus seminis inside endosoma caliciform ( Figs 12j, p View FIGURE 12 ).......................................... 10

10. Lateral outgrowth of left paramere apical process when viewed dorsally is thin and, strongly curved ( Figs 12t View FIGURE 12 ); right paramere with apical process relatively long, arcuate ( Fig. 12u View FIGURE 12 ); medial portion of distal part of ductus seminis inside endosoma with long sclerotization ( Figs 12p, q View FIGURE 12 )..................................................... Peltidocylapus caudatus sp. nov.

- Lateral process of left paramere apical process, when viewed dorsally is, thick, weakly curved, and almost straight ( Fig. 12n View FIGURE 12 ); right paramere with apical process short, almost straight ( Fig. 12o View FIGURE 12 ); medial portion of distal part of ductus seminis inside endosoma without any sclerotization ( Fig. 12j, k View FIGURE 12 ).................................... Peltidocylapus calyciformis sp. nov.

11. Basal half of corium yellow ( Fig. 5b View FIGURE 5 )............................................ Peltidocylapus pallidus sp. nov.

- Basal half of corium black, dark brown or light castaneous ( Figs 4c View FIGURE 4 , 5a, d View FIGURE 5 )....................................... 12

12. Corium with yellow patches, scutellum with yellow patch apically ( Fig. 5d View FIGURE 5 ; Carvalho & Fontes 1968: fig. 1)............ 13

- Corium uniformly dark brown or light castaneous, apex of scutellum without yellow patch ( Figs 4c View FIGURE 4 , 5a View FIGURE 5 )............... 14

13. Corium with two yellow patches medially and apically, patch on apex of scutellum broad ( Fig. 5d View FIGURE 5 )........................................................................................... Peltidocylapus picatus ( Distant, 1893) View in CoL

- Corium with a single, semilunar patch medially, patch on apex of scutellum narrow ( Carvalho & Fontes 1968: fig. 1)................................................................ Peltidocylapus carmelitanus Carvalho & Fontes, 1968 View in CoL

14. Basolateral angle of scutellum without distinct yellow patch; antennal segment II uniformly dark brown ( Fig. 5a View FIGURE 5 )............................................................................... Peltidocylapus nubilus ( Distant, 1893) View in CoL

- Basolateral angle of scutellum with distinct yellow patch; antennal segment II with white annulation apically ( Fig. 4c View FIGURE 4 )......................................................................... Peltidocylapus cerbereus ( Distant, 1883) View in CoL