Buthacus arava, Cain & Gefen & Prendini, 2021

Cain, Shlomo, Gefen, Eran & Prendini, Lorenzo, 2021, Systematic Revision Of The Sand Scorpions, Genus Buthacus Birula, 1908 (Buthidae C. L. Koch, 1837) Of The Levant, With Redescription Of Buthacus Arenicola (Simon, 1885) From Algeria And Tunisia, Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2021 (450), pp. 1-137 : 31

Buthacus arava , sp. nov.

Figures 1E , 3A , 4 , 15 , 16A, B , 19A, B , 21B , 22C , 23A , 25A , 27A , 29C , 33 , 34 , 35 ; tables 1, 8, 9

Buthacus nigroaculeatus: Amr et al., 2021: 86 , fig. 3B (misidentification).

TYPE MATERIAL: Holotype ♂ ( HUJ INVSC 3672 ), ISRAEL: Mehoz HaDarom (Southern District): Lotan , SE of Lotan Plantations, 30°00′10.4″N 35°05′44.1″E, 128 m, 13.ix.2018, S. Cain . Paratypes: ISRAEL: Mehoz HaDarom (Southern District): near Lotan [29°59′N 35°05′E], 123 m, 29.ix.2003, ♂ ( HUJ INVSC 2560 ), U. Shanas ; Lotan , SE of Lotan Plantations, 30°00′10.4″N 35°05′44.1″E, 128 m, 15.ix.2017, Y. Olek and S. Cain, 8 ♂ ( HUJ INVSC 3282 , 3284– 3287 , 3289–3291 ), 1 ♂ ( AMCC [ LP 15042 ] ex HUJ INVSC 3283 ) 1 ♂ ( AMCC [ LP 15043 ] ex HUJ INVSC 3288 ), 1 ♀ ( HUJ INVSC3381 ), 27.iii.2018, Y. Olek and S. Cain ; Nahal Sha’alav , 4 km S of Kibbutz Yahel, 30°02′40.6″N 35°06′33.7″E, 153 m, 15.ix.2017, Y. Olek and S. Cain, 1 ♂ ( HUJ INVSC 3299 ) ; Qetura [29°58′N 35°03′E], 100 m, 8.x.1974, M. Israel, 1 ♂ ( HUJ INVSC 2329 ) ; S of Yahel , sand dunes, 30°02′N

Figures

FIGURE 1. Buthacus Birula, 1908, representative habitats. A. Mamshit [Kurnub], Israel, habitat of Buthacus amitaii, sp. nov. B. Naftah to Ong Jmal, Tunisia, habitat of Buthacus arenicola (Simon, 1885). C. Faiyum Oasis, Egypt, habitat of Buthacus leptochelys (Ehrenberg, 1829). D. Ashdod Nizzanim Nature Reserve, Israel, habitat of Buthacus nitzani Levy et al., 1973, stat. nov. E. Yotvata, Israel, habitat of Buthacus arava, sp. nov., and Buthacus yotvatensis Levy et al., 1973, stat. rev. F. Be’er Milka, Israel, Holot Haluza sand dunes, Israel, habitat of Buthacus levyi, sp. nov., and B. nitzani.

FIGURE 3. Buthacus Birula, 1908, habitus in life. A. Buthacus arava, sp. nov., ♂. B, C. Buthacus yotvatensis Levy et al., 1973, stat. rev., ♂ (B), ♀ (C).

FIGURE 4. Map of southwestern Levant, plotting known locality records for Buthacus arava, sp. nov. in Israel and Jordan, based on material examined for the present study. White symbol denotes type locality.

FIGURE 15. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) plots for A, male and B, female Buthacus Birula, 1908, based on 24 morphometric ratios and counts, for 79 adults (each symbol represents an individual): Buthacus amitaii, sp. nov. (white triangles); Buthacus arava, sp. nov. (black triangles); Buthacus arenicola (Simon, 1885) (white inverted triangles); Buthacus leptochelys (Ehrenberg, 1829) (white circles); Buthacus levyi, sp. nov. (white squares); Buthacus nitzani Levy et al., 1973, stat. nov. (white diamonds); Buthacus tadmorensis (Simon, 1892), stat. rev. (black circles); Buthacus yotvatensis Levy et al., 1973, stat. rev. (black squares).

FIGURE 16. Buthacus Birula, 1908, carapace, dorsal aspect. A, B. Buthacus arava, sp. nov., A. Paratype ♂ (HUJ INVSC 3287),B. Paratype ♀ (HUJ INVSC 2561).C, D. Buthacus tadmorensis (Simon, 1892), stat.rev.,C. Lectotype ♂ (NHMW 2453) of Buthus pietschmanni Penther, 1912, D. Paralectotype ♀ (NHMW 2452). E, F. Buthacus yotvatensis Levy et al., 1973, stat. rev., E. ♂ (HUJ INVSC 3344), F. ♀ (HUJ INVSC 3318). Scale bars = 2 mm.

FIGURE 19. Buthacus Birula, 1908, sternum, genital opercula and pectines, ventral aspect. A, B. Buthacus arava, sp. nov., A. Paratype ♂ (HUJ INVSC 3287), B. Paratype ♀ (HUJ INVSC 2561). C, D. Buthacus tadmorensis (Simon, 1892), stat. rev., C. Lectotype ♂ (NHMW 2453) of Buthus pietschmanni Penther, 1912, D. Paralectotype ♀ (NHMW 2452). E, F. Buthacus yotvatensis Levy et al., 1973, stat. rev., E. ♂ (HUJ INVSC 3344), F. ♀ (HUJ INVSC 3318). Scale bars = 2 mm.

FIGURE 21. Buthacus Birula, 1908, dextral pedipalp chela movable finger, dorsal aspect, illustrating dentition. A. Buthacus amitaii, sp. nov., holotype ♂ (HUJ INVSC 3480). B. Buthacus arava, sp. nov., paratype ♂ (HUJ INVSC 3290). C. Buthacus arenicola (Simon, 1885), ♂ (AMNH). D. Buthacus leptochelys (Ehrenberg, 1829), ♂ (HUJ INVSC 859). E, F. Buthacus levyi, sp. nov., E. Holotype ♂ (HUJ INVSC 2082), F. Paratype ♀ (HUJ INVSC 3252). G. Buthacus nitzani Levy et al., 1973, stat. nov., ♂ (HUJ INVSC 3227). H. Buthacus tadmorensis (Simon, 1892), stat. rev., lectotype ♂ (NHMW 2453) of Buthus pietschmanni Penther, 1912. I. Buthacus yotvatensis Levy et al., 1973, stat. rev., ♂ (HUJ INVSC 3302). Scale bars = 1 mm.

FIGURE 22. Buthacus Birula, 1908, dextral legs I–IV, basitarsus and telotarsus, ventral aspect. A. Buthacus arenicola (Simon, 1885), ♂ (AMNH). B. Buthacus levyi, sp. nov., holotype ♂ (HUJ INVSC 2082). C. Buthacus arava, sp. nov., paratype♂ (HUJ INVSC 3295). D. Buthacus leptochelys (Ehrenberg, 1829), ♀ (HUJ INVSC 1807). E. Buthacus tadmorensis (Simon, 1892), stat. rev., lectotype ♂ (NHMW 2453) of Buthus pietschmanni Penther, 1912. F. Buthacus nitzani Levy et al., 1973, stat. nov., ♀ (HUJ INVSC 3226). G. Buthacus yotvatensis Levy et al., 1973, stat. rev., ♂ (HUJ INVSC 3302). H. Buthacus amitaii, sp. nov., holotype ♂ (HUJ INVSC 3480). Scale bars = 1 mm.

FIGURE 23. Buthacus Birula, 1908, metasomal segments I–V and telson, dorsal aspect. A. Buthacus arava, sp. nov., paratype ♀ (HUJ INVSC 2561). B. Buthacus tadmorensis (Simon, 1892), stat. rev., paralectotype ♀ (NHMW 2452) of Buthus pietschmanni Penther, 1912. C. Buthacus yotvatensis Levy et al., 1973, stat. rev., ♀ (HUJ INVSC 3318). D. Buthacus arenicola (Simon, 1885), ♂ (AMNH). Scale bars = 5 mm.

FIGURE 25. Buthacus Birula, 1908, metasomal segments I–V and telson, lateral aspect. A. Buthacus arava, sp. nov., paratype ♀ (HUJ INVSC 2561). B. Buthacus tadmorensis (Simon, 1892), stat. rev., paralectotype ♀ (NHMW 2452) of Buthus pietschmanni Penther, 1912. C. Buthacus yotvatensis Levy et al., 1973, stat. rev., ♀ (HUJ INVSC 3318). D. Buthacus arenicola (Simon, 1885), ♂ (AMNH). Scale bars = 5 mm.

FIGURE 27. Buthacus Birula, 1908, metasomal segments I–V and telson, ventral aspect. A. Buthacus arava, sp. nov., paratype ♀ (HUJ INVSC 2561). B. Buthacus tadmorensis (Simon, 1892), stat. rev., paralectotype ♀ (NHMW 2452) of Buthus pietschmanni Penther, 1912. C. Buthacus yotvatensis Levy et al., 1973, stat. rev., ♀ (HUJ INVSC 3318). D. Buthacus arenicola (Simon, 1885), ♂ (AMNH). Scale bars = 5 mm.

FIGURE 29. Buthacus Birula, 1908, telson, lateral aspect. A. Buthacus arenicola (Simon, 1885), ♂ (AMNH). B. Buthacus levyi, sp. nov., holotype ♂ (HUJ INVSC 2082). C. Buthacus arava, sp. nov., paratype ♂ (HUJ INVSC 2559). D. Buthacus leptochelys (Ehrenberg, 1829), ♂ (HUJ INVSC 859). E. Buthacus tadmorensis (Simon, 1892), stat. rev., lectotype ♂ (NHMW 2453) of Buthus pietschmanni Penther, 1912. F. Buthacus nitzani Levy et al., 1973, stat. nov., ♂ (HUJ INVSC 3227). G. Buthacus yotvatensis Levy et al., 1973, stat. rev., ♂ (HUJ INVSC 3302). H. Buthacus amitaii, sp. nov., holotype ♂ (HUJ INVSC 3480). Scale bars = 1 mm.

FIGURE 33. Buthacus arava, sp. nov., habitus, dorsal (A, C) and ventral (B, D) aspects. A, B. Paratype ♂ (HUJ INVSC 2559). C, D. Paratype ♀ (HUJ INVSC 2561). Scale bars = 1 cm.

FIGURE 34. Buthacus arava, sp. nov., ♂♂ paratypes (HUJ INVSC 2559, 3295), dextral pedipalp femur (A, B) and patella (C, E), prolateral (A, C), dorsal (B, D), and retrolateral (E) aspects. Scale bar = 2 mm.

FIGURE 35. Buthacus arava, sp. nov., dextral pedipalp chela, dorsal (A, C) and retrolateral (B, D) aspects. A, B. Paratype ♂ (HUJ INVSC 3295). C, D. Paratype ♀ (HUJ INVSC 2561). Scale bar = 2 mm.