Buthacus levyi, Cain & Gefen & Prendini, 2021

Cain, Shlomo, Gefen, Eran & Prendini, Lorenzo, 2021, Systematic Revision Of The Sand Scorpions, Genus Buthacus Birula, 1908 (Buthidae C. L. Koch, 1837) Of The Levant, With Redescription Of Buthacus Arenicola (Simon, 1885) From Algeria And Tunisia, Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2021 (450), pp. 1-137 : 80

Buthacus levyi , sp. nov.

Figures 1F , 2E, F , 9 , 15 , 18A, B , 20E, F , 21E, F ,

Figures

FIGURE 1. Buthacus Birula, 1908, representative habitats. A. Mamshit [Kurnub], Israel, habitat of Buthacus amitaii, sp. nov. B. Naftah to Ong Jmal, Tunisia, habitat of Buthacus arenicola (Simon, 1885). C. Faiyum Oasis, Egypt, habitat of Buthacus leptochelys (Ehrenberg, 1829). D. Ashdod Nizzanim Nature Reserve, Israel, habitat of Buthacus nitzani Levy et al., 1973, stat. nov. E. Yotvata, Israel, habitat of Buthacus arava, sp. nov., and Buthacus yotvatensis Levy et al., 1973, stat. rev. F. Be’er Milka, Israel, Holot Haluza sand dunes, Israel, habitat of Buthacus levyi, sp. nov., and B. nitzani.

FIGURE 2. Buthacus Birula, 1908, habitus in life. A, B. Buthacus amitaii, sp. nov., ♂ (A), ♀ (B). C, D. Buthacus nitzani Levy et al., 1973, stat. nov., ♂ (C), ♀ (D). E, F. Buthacus levyi, sp. nov., ♂ (E), ♀ (F).

FIGURE 9. Map of southwestern Levant, plotting known locality records for Buthacus levyi, sp. nov. in Egypt and Israel, based on material examined for the present study and the literature. White symbol denotes type locality.

FIGURE 15. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) plots for A, male and B, female Buthacus Birula, 1908, based on 24 morphometric ratios and counts, for 79 adults (each symbol represents an individual): Buthacus amitaii, sp. nov. (white triangles); Buthacus arava, sp. nov. (black triangles); Buthacus arenicola (Simon, 1885) (white inverted triangles); Buthacus leptochelys (Ehrenberg, 1829) (white circles); Buthacus levyi, sp. nov. (white squares); Buthacus nitzani Levy et al., 1973, stat. nov. (white diamonds); Buthacus tadmorensis (Simon, 1892), stat. rev. (black circles); Buthacus yotvatensis Levy et al., 1973, stat. rev. (black squares).

FIGURE 18. Buthacus Birula, 1908, carapace, dorsal aspect. A, B. Buthacus levyi, sp. nov., A. Holotype ♂ (HUJ INVSC 2082), B. Paratype ♀ (HUJ INVSC 3274). C. Buthacus arenicola (Simon, 1885), ♂ (AMNH). Scale bars = 2 mm.

FIGURE 20. Buthacus Birula, 1908, sternum, genital opercula and pectines, ventral aspect. A, B. Buthacus nitzani Levy et al., 1973, stat. nov., A. ♂ (HUJ INVSC 3227), B. ♀ (HUJ INVSC 3226). C, D. Buthacus amitaii, sp. nov., C. Holotype ♂ (HUJ INVSC 3480), D. Paratype ♀ (HUJ INVSC 3205). E, F. Buthacus levyi, sp. nov., E. Holotype ♂ (HUJ INVSC 2082), F. Paratype ♀ (HUJ INVSC 3274). G. Buthacus arenicola (Simon, 1885), ♂ (AMNH). Scale bars = 2 mm.

FIGURE 21. Buthacus Birula, 1908, dextral pedipalp chela movable finger, dorsal aspect, illustrating dentition. A. Buthacus amitaii, sp. nov., holotype ♂ (HUJ INVSC 3480). B. Buthacus arava, sp. nov., paratype ♂ (HUJ INVSC 3290). C. Buthacus arenicola (Simon, 1885), ♂ (AMNH). D. Buthacus leptochelys (Ehrenberg, 1829), ♂ (HUJ INVSC 859). E, F. Buthacus levyi, sp. nov., E. Holotype ♂ (HUJ INVSC 2082), F. Paratype ♀ (HUJ INVSC 3252). G. Buthacus nitzani Levy et al., 1973, stat. nov., ♂ (HUJ INVSC 3227). H. Buthacus tadmorensis (Simon, 1892), stat. rev., lectotype ♂ (NHMW 2453) of Buthus pietschmanni Penther, 1912. I. Buthacus yotvatensis Levy et al., 1973, stat. rev., ♂ (HUJ INVSC 3302). Scale bars = 1 mm.