Ixodes kaiseri Arthur, 1957c

Guglielmone, Alberto A., Nava, Santiago & Robbins, Richard G., 2023, Geographic distribution of the hard ticks (Acari: Ixodida: Ixodidae) of the world by countries and territories, Zootaxa 5251 (1), pp. 1-274 : 20-21

115. Ixodes kaiseri Arthur, 1957c .

Palearctic: 1) Armenia, 2) Azerbaijan, 3) China (north), 4) Croatia, 5) Egypt, 6) Georgia, 7) Germany, 8) Hungary, 9) Iran, 10) Israel, 11) Kazakhstan, 12) Kyrgyzstan, 13) Lebanon, 14) Malta, 15) Moldova, 16) Poland, 17) Romania, 18) Serbia, 19) Syria, 20) Russia, 21) Turkey, 22) Ukraine ( Hoogstraal & Kaiser 1958b, K ö hler et al. 1967, Filippova 1977, Kolonin 2009, Fedorova 2012, Dilbaryan & Hovhannisyan 2016, Hornok et al. 2017 b, 2020 b, 2021, Orkun & Karaer 2018, Tsapko 2018. Sheng et al. 2019, Dwuźnik et al. 2020, Tsapko 2020, Sang et al. 2021, Krčmar et al. 2022).

Sonenshine et al. (1969) regarded Ixodes kaiseri as a synonym of Ixodes crenulatus , but Filippova & Uspenskaya (1973) soundly rejected that proposed synonymy and redescribed Ixodes kaiseri , cautioning that this tick has been confused with Ixodes canisuga , Ixodes crenulatus and Ixodes hexagonus . Estrada-Peña et al. (2017) found identification of Ixodes kaiseri difficult, stressing that this tick has been reported from Egypt and Israel but that its range is largely unknown, in contrast to the above authors. Because Ixodes kaiseri may be confused with morphologically similar species, its range should be considered provisional.

Zhao et al. (2021) did not recognize the presence of Ixodes kaiseri in China, but we treat the Chinese records by Sheng et al. (2019) and Sang et al. (2021) as provisionally valid. Perfilyeva et al. (2020) excluded Kazakhstan from the range of Ixodes kaiseri , although we include that country here.