Chusquea kleinii A.C. Mota, R.P. Oliveira & L.G. Clark

Mota, Aline C., Oliveira, Reyjane P., Carvalho-Sobrinho, Jefferson G., Vidal, Kaio Vinicius A. & Clark, Lynn G., 2017, Chusquea kleinii, a new bamboo from the Atlantic forests of Brazil segregated from C. capituliflora (Poaceae: Bambusoideae), Phytotaxa 313 (2), pp. 166-174 : 167-170

Chusquea kleinii A.C. Mota, R.P. Oliveira & L.G. Clark , nom. et stat. nov.

Chusquea capituliflora var. pubescens McClure & Smith (1967: 28) .

Type:— BRAZIL, Santa Catarina, Brusque, mata do Hoffman, capoeirão, 40 m, 18 August 1953 (fl), R.M. Klein 572 (holotype US!, isotypes HBR, MO, NY!) ( Fig. 1 ).

Culms 5–8 m long, 0.3–0.8 cm in diameter, scandent. Internodes 26–50 cm long, terete, uniformly green when young, becoming slightly discolored with age to brown, hispid below the nodes. Culm leaves 19–45 cm long, persistent, juncture of sheath and blade abaxially obscure; sheaths 15–40 cm long, 3–9 times as long as the blade, abaxially hispid-scabrous, midrib abaxially visible toward the apex, margins ciliate; blades 3–10 cm long, narrowly triangular, erect, persistent, adaxially pubescent, abaxially scabrid, apex acuminate, margins glabrous; girdles 2–7 mm long, hispid-scabrous, straw-colored to dark brown, usually more or less similar to the sheath; inner ligules 0.5–2 mm long, irregular, ciliate. Nodes at mid-culm with one dome-shaped central bud subtended by 4–12 smaller subsidiary buds in 1–2 constellate rows; sheath scar more or less horizontal but dipping strongly below the bud/branch complement; supranodal ridge visible as a line but not usually prominent. Branching infravaginal; central branch when developed as robust as the main culm; leafy subsidiary branches 7–12 per node, 28–40 cm long, 1–2 mm in diameter, geniculate, usually rebranching from the lower nodes, girdles brown to purple-black, pubescent. Foliage leaves 3–7 per complement; sheaths striate, keeled toward the apex, pubescent to pilose, usually straw-colored, the overlapping margin ciliate, summit extension 0.8–1 mm long, ciliate; blades 11.6–13.1 cm long, 1.4–1.6 cm wide, L: W 4–11, lanceolate, green, adaxially glabrous, abaxially pubescent or with only a basal tuft of hairs, not tessellate, midrib slightly excentric to excentric, adaxially visible for 1/2 of its length, abaxially yellowish and + prominent for about 2/3 of its length, the base rounded-attenuate, slightly asymmetrical, the apex acuminate, the margins glabrous to serrulate; pseudopetioles 2–3 mm long, adaxially glabrous, abaxially scabrous-pubescent, pulvinus usually darker, otherwise green; outer ligules 0.2–0.5 mm long, unlobed to bilobed, erect, extending as a mere rim along the juncture of the summit extension and the inner ligule, glabrous; inner ligules 1–2 mm long, rounded to truncate, pubescent. Synflorescences (1–) 1.5–2.5 cm long, 1.5–2 cm wide, paniculate, capitate, congested, not interrupted, fully exserted but closely subtended by the single spatheate bract, this with sheaths 1.3–2.2 cm long, blades (1–) 2.8–5.6 cm long, green; main axis angular, straight, pubescent; first-order branches 0.3–1 cm long at the base, angular, pubescent, the basal ones subtended by small bracts 0.4–1.2 cm long, attenuate, sometimes spathe-like with the sheath 0.7–0.8 cm long and the blade 1–1.2 cm long, green, those subtending the more apical branches 0.1–0.8(–2) mm long; peduncles 0.5–2 mm long, angular, pubescent, often subtended by minute bracts. Spikelets 7–8.5 mm long, more or less laterally compressed; glumes I and II awned, + keeled, abaxially pilose; glume I 2.5–3.5 mm long, 1/4–1/3 the spikelet length, 1- or 3-nerved, the awn 1–2.5 mm long; glume II 3–3.5 mm long, 1/4–1/3 the spikelet length, 3- or 5-nerved, the awn 0.7–2.3 mm long; glumes III and IV obtuse, abaxially pilose on the upper 1/2, 5-, 7- or 9-nerved; glume III 3–4.5 mm long, 1/3–1/2 the spikelet length, shortly subulate; glume IV 6–7 mm long, 3/4 the spikelet length; lemma 7.5–8.5 mm long, obtuse, margins connate just at the apex, pilose on the upper 1/2, 7- or 9-nerved; palea 7.5–8.5 mm long, more or less obtuse, pubescent at the apex, 4- or 6-nerved, weakly 2-keeled, sulcate only near the apex, the sulcus scabrid. Lodicules 3; the anterior pair ca. 2 mm long, the posterior one ca. 1.7 mm long. Stamens 3; anthers 4–5.7 mm long. Fruits not seen.

Etymology: —The specific epithet honors the naturalist Roberto Miguel Klein (1923–1992), who was an ardent collector and student of the flora of the forests of Santa Catarina state, southern Brazil. A new name for the species was needed because the combination Chusquea pubescens is occupied by C. pubescens Steudel (1854: 337) , a poorly known species of Chusquea subg. Chusquea that occurs in Chile.

Taxonomic notes: — Chusquea kleinii differs both vegetatively and reproductively from C. capituliflora ( Table 1) in the following character states: internodes hispid just below the nodes (vs. glabrous in C. capituliflora ); foliage leaf blades abaxially pubescent or with only a basal tuft of hairs (vs. completely glabrous); glume I shorter (2.5–3.5 mm in C. kleinii vs. 3.5–4.5 mm in C. capituliflora ); glume III shorter (3–4.5 mm vs. 6–7 mm) and abaxially pilose on the upper half (vs. scabrous); glume IV shorter (6–7 mm vs. 8–8.5 mm) and abaxially pilose on the upper half (vs. scabrous); and lemma abaxially pilose (vs. scabrous). Chusquea kleinii is vegetatively similar to C. urelytra in sharing the presence of hispid indument just below the nodes. However, C. kleinii can be distinguished by its smaller lower glumes and pilose upper glumes (vs. scabrous) ( Fig. 2 ).

Micromorphological features: — Chusquea capituliflora and C. kleinii share micromorphological features of the foliage leaves. On the adaxial surface, both species have smooth-granular epicuticular waxes and dumbbell-shaped silica bodies, and both lack papillae, microhairs and prickle hairs throughout the leaf surface. On the abaxial surface, they share saddle-shaped silica bodies, papillae distributed in bands except for the midrib region, the presence of microhairs, and a lack of prickle-hairs. Chusquea kleinii differs from C. capituliflora by the presence of stomata on the abaxial surface only (vs. stomata on both surfaces), which are distributed in 3–4 rows (vs. stomata in 2–3 rows), and the papillae of the stomatal guard cells in C. kleinii are unilobed (vs. bilobed). Chusquea kleinii also differs from C. capituliflora by its lack of prickle-hairs on the adaxial surface (vs. presence of prickle-hairs in C. kleinii ). On the abaxial surface, C. kleinii has smooth-granular epicuticular waxes throughout the leaf surface (vs. crystalloid epicuticular waxes around the stomata in C. capituliflora ) and macrohairs distributed across the entire surface and arranged in a tuft at the base of the foliage leaf blades (vs. macrohairs absent in C. capituliflora ). Finally, C. kleinii has macrohairs but lacks prickle-hairs along the leaf margins, whereas C. capituliflora has prickle-hairs but lacks macrohairs on the margins ( Fig. 3 ).

Distribution and Habitat: — Chusquea kleinii occurs in montane Brazilian Atlantic forests along the coastline in Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo and Santa Catarina at elevations of 500–1300 m. Chusquea capituliflora also occurs in coastal Atlantic Brazil (from Minas Gerais and Espírito Santo to Paraná states), but further inland, and at elevations from 600–1300 m ( Fig. 4 ).

Phenology: —Relatively few flowering collections of Chusquea kleinii are available.The five flowering collections from São Paulo are 20 years apart. It is not clear whether this species exhibits gregarious flowering, whereas C. capituliflora exhibits both sporadic and gregarious flowering.

Additional specimens examined (paratypes): — BRAZIL. Rio de Janeiro: Itatiaia, Parque Nacional do Itatiaia , 12 November 1943, McClure 21290 (K, NY, RB, US) ; Nova Friburgo, road to Macaé de Cima , about 1 km from RJ116, 22°23’S, 42°31’W, 1030 m, 15 February 1991 (fl), Clark et al. 809 ( ISC, MBM, MO, RB, SJRP, SP, US) ; Reserva Biológica Macaé de Cima , 22°23’S, 42°25’W, 1120 m, 26 February 1994, Sarahyba et al. 1059 ( HUEFS, ISC, SP) ; Petrópolis, Distrito de Araras, base of trail to Morro do Cuca , between the fazenda and Dona Teresa’s house, 22°24’S, 43°12’W, 1200 m, 6 February 1991 (fl), Clark et al. 788 ( ISC, MO, RB, SJRP, SP, US) ; Araras , Vale das Videiras, 950–1200 m, 6–7 January 1974 (fl), Sucre et al. 10596 ( HUEFS, K, RB, SP, US) ; 850–900 m, 5 February 1974 (fl), Sucre et al. 10657 ( RB, US) ; Teresópolis, Parque Nacional da Serra dos Órgãos , 22 October 1972, Barros -1067 ( RB) ; Parque Nacional da Serra dos Órgãos, road from the Administration to Barragem , 22°27’S, 42°58’W, 1240 m, 15 February 1990 (fl), Clark et al. 675 ( ISC, MO, NY, RB, SJRP, SP, US) ; Parque Nacional da Serra dos Órgãos, road from the Administration to Barragem , 22°27’S, 42°58’W, 1240 m, 15 February 1990, Clark et al. 677 ( ISC, MO, NY, RB, SJRP, SP, US) ; Parque Nacional da Serra dos Órgãos, trail to Pedra do Sino , 22°28’S, 42°59’W, 1330 m, 15 February 1990 (fl), Clark et al. 681 ( ISC, RB, SJRP, SP) ; Parque Nacional da Serra dos Órgãos, trilha para pedra do sino, 24 May 2009, Mota 262 ( HUEFS). Unknown city: 1958 (fl), Andrade 132 (R). SANTA CATARINA: Jaraguá do Sul , 600 m, 13 January 1958 (fl), Reitz & Klein 6203 ( NY, US) ; Pouso Redondo , 27°16’31”S, 50°05’09”W, 591 m, 22 May 2010, Mota 346 ( HUEFS) ; Rio do Sul , 27°13’37”S, 49°37’23”W, 628 m, 22 May 2010, Mota 349 ( HUEFS) ; Serra do Matador, 500 m, 7 July 1964 (fl), Reitz & Klein 17049 ( US). SÃO PAULO: Barra do Turvo, BR116, Km 535.6, about 0.5 km NE of Rio Fortuna, 24°58’S, 48°22’W, 700 m, 2 March 1991 (fl), Clark & Windisch 847 ( ISC, MBM, MO, RB, SJRP, SP, US) ; Cajati, Conchas , 29 September 2002 (fl), Silva et al. 3633 ( MBM) ; São Bernardo do Campo, São Paulo-Santos via Anchieta , Km 35.8, Alto da Serra , 23°42’S, 46°30–35’W, 760 m, 5 March 1990 (fl), Clark & Windisch 728 ( ISC, MO, NY, RB, SJRP, SP, US) ; São Paulo, Horto do Museu Paulista , 15 June 1926 (fl), Hoehne 17392 ( NY, US) ; bosque da saúde, 21 October 1926 (fl), Hoehne s.n. ( SP 22349 , US 1503527) ; jardim botânico, 10 January 1942 (fl), Hoehne s.n. ( GUA 22730 , GUA 22755 , MO 2915459 , SP 46306 , SPF 83295, US 2900177) ; Parque Santo Dias, Trilha Beira-rio , 23°39’47”S, 46°46’21”W, 16 June 1992 (fl), Garcia 69 ( SPF) ; Parque Santo Dias , 23°39’47”S, 46°46’21”W, 14 July 1992, Garcia 99 ( SPF) ; Ipiranga, in the park of Museu Paulista , 25 October 1943 (fl), Pickel 5821 ( IPA, US) ; Reserva Biológica, Parque Estadual das Fontes do Ipiranga , 12 October 1974 (fl), Sendulsky 1289 ( PEUFR, SP, US) ; Reserva Biológica , 9 April 1974 (fl), Sendulsky 1369 ( CEN, GUA, HBR, K, SP, UB) ; 30 September 1974 (fl), Sendulsky 1424 ( CEN, GUA, HBR, K, NY, SP, UB) ; 6 December 1974 (fl), Sendulsky 1431 ( SP, US) .

Figures

FIGURE 1. Chusquea kleinii. A. Culm leaf. B. Infravaginal branching and geniculate subsidiary branches. C. Branching and foliage leaves. D. Ligular region of the foliage leaf showing detail of the foliage leaf sheath and pseudopetiole. E. Fertile branch. F. Detail of the synflorescence and subtending bract. G. Spikelet [Hoehne s.n. (SP 22349)]. (Illustration by Lucas Marinho)

FIGURE 2. A–C. Chusquea kleinii.A. Foliage leaves. B. Culm and infravaginal branching. C. Spikelet. D–E. Chusquea capituliflora. D. Spikelet. E. Synflorescence and subtending bract. (Photos A.C. Mota)

FIGURE 3. Foliar micromorphology of Chusquea capituliflora and Chusquea kleinii. A–D. Chusquea capituliflora (Mota 303). E–H. Chusquea kleinii (Hoehne s.n., SP 22349). A. Branched papillae on the subsidiary cells of the stomatal apparatus, overarching the stoma. B. Scattered bicellular microhairs (often only one cell visible) and prickles along the leaf margin. C. Bicellular microhairs in the midrib region. D. Absence of the tuft of single-celled macrohairs at the base of the abaxial leaf blade. E. Simple, more-or-less conical papillae on the subsidiary cells of the stomatal apparatus. F. Unicellular, rigid macrohairs on the abaxial surface and along the leaf margin. G. Unicellular, curved macrohairs and bicellular microhairs in the midrib region. H. Tuft of unicellular, flexible macrohairs at the base of the abaxial leaf blade.

FIGURE 4. Geographic distribution of Chusquea kleinii and C. capituliflora.