Rhododendron agastum, Balf. f. & W.W. Sm.

Duan, Sheng-Guang, Hong, Kun, Tang, Ming, Tang, Jing, Liu, Lun-Xian, Gao, Gui-Feng, Shen, Zhi-Jun, Zhang, Xi-Min & Yi, Yin, 2021, Untargeted metabolite profiling of petal blight in field-grown Rhododendron agastum using GC-TOF-MS and UHPLC-QTOF-MS / MS, Phytochemistry (112655) 184, pp. 1-12 : 2

2.1. Metabolite identification in R. agastum flowers

The GC-TOF-MS and UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS platforms, combined with annotation software and databases, were used to identify metabolites from healthy and petal blight flowers of R. agastum . GC-TOF-MS platform has advantages for the analysis of small volatile or semivolatile compounds, whereas UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS platform is more suitable for phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and triterpenic acids ( Olmo-Garcia et al., 2018). To our knowledge, there have been no previous large-scale untargeted metabolomics studies of R. agastum that combined GC-TOF-MS and UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS, especially for petal blight of Rhododendron species.

Differences in metabolites between healthy and petal blight flowers were evaluated by measuring six biological replicates. The GC-TOF-MS chromatograms of 12 samples from healthy and petal blight flowers showed good reproducibility, indicating that the run conditions were stable and reliable ( Fig. 2 ). The retention times and peak areas of six quality control samples also showed good repeatability during the experiment (Supplementary Fig. 1 ), indicating that the instrument itself was very stable. The relative deviation of the internal standard (saturated fatty acid methyl ester) added in the quality control sample was 8.21%, further verifying the system’ s stability. A total of 571 peaks were extracted, and 189 metabolites were tentatively identified based on mass spectrum match and retention index match.

Samples from healthy and petal blight flowers were also analyzed using the UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS platform, and total ion chromatograms (TICs) were obtained in positive and negative ion mode (Supplementary Fig. 2 ). Four quality control samples also showed good repetitiveness during the experiment (Supplementary Fig. 3 ). The relative deviations of the internal standard (l-2-chlorophenylalanine) in the quality control samples were 6.66% and 2.37% in the positive and negative ion mode, respectively, indicating that the system was very stable. A total of 1731 and 1994 peaks were extracted, and 364 and 277 metabolites were tentatively identified in the positive and negative ion mode.

Figures

Fig. 2. Total ion current (TIC) chromatogram of healthy flowers (HF) and petal blight flowers (PBF) of R. agastum using GC-TOF-MS.

Fig. 1. The petal blight of R. agastum. (A) R. agastum grown in field habitat. (B) The healthy flower of R. agastum. (C) The petal blight flower of R. agastum (white arrow).

Fig. 3. The data analysis of the metabolites based on GC-TOF-MS in the healthy flowers and petal blight flowers of R. agastum. (A) Principal component analysis (PCA). (B) Orthogonal projections to latent structures discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA). The green and red circles display 95% confidence regions of petal blight and healthy flowers. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)