Aleurodicinae (Zootaxa, 1835)
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publication ID |
https://doi.org/ 10.11646/zootaxa.1835.1.1 |
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persistent identifier |
https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0397F771-CE2C-FFF5-FF6B-C268FA0CF822 |
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treatment provided by |
Felipe |
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scientific name |
Aleurodicinae |
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Key to the world genera of Aleurodicinae – puparia
This key includes all genera of Aleurodicinae , as understood by the present author. Genera that are natives of the New World are indicated in bold italics, the others in italics only.
Quoted counts of submarginal setae include the nominal caudal pair, but not the anterior and posterior marginal setae.
Note that the pair of posterior abdominal spiracles (ventral, abdominal segment VIII) can be mistaken for small post-vasiform orifice compound pores (dorsal). Figure 3 View FIGURES 1–4 is a good example, being without any small compound pores, but with the spiracles clearly visible in a similar position.
1 Puparia with agglomerate (Figs B xiii & xiv, 102b, 116) or compound (Fig. A) pores present, although sometimes much reduced in number and/or size (e.g. fig. 95)....................................................................2
- Puparia with neither agglomerate nor compound pores (Figs 109, 111, 112), but sometimes with loose clusters of simple pores (Fig. 107)............................................................................................................19
2 With 15+ small compound pores on each side of body, distributed in a single submarginal row from cephalic region to beyond vasiform orifice ( Fig. 96 View FIGURES 95–99 ). Longitudinal moulting suture reaching anteriorly only to a point in cephalic region, where a pair of cephalothoracic moulting sutures diverge towards edge of puparium and then curve posteriorly into thoracic submargin .................... Nipaleyrodes Takahashi, 1951 View in CoL [ N. elongata Takahashi View in CoL , but see discussion on p. 7]
- With up to 7 pairs of compound pores (Fig. A), or up to 8 pairs of agglomerate pores ( Fig 102 View FIGURES 102–104 , 116 View FIGURES 114–116 ). Longitudinal moulting suture reaching anteriorly to puparial margin (Fig. A), or entirely absent ( Fig. 102 View FIGURES 102–104 )...3
3 With 8 pairs of small agglomerate pores (Fig. B xiv) present, in an evenly-spaced arc from cephalic region to abdominal segment VII/VIII, lateral to vasiform orifice ( Fig. 102 View FIGURES 102–104 ); without compound pores. Longitudinal moulting suture absent ( Fig. 102 View FIGURES 102–104 ) ........................................................ Synaleurodicus Solomon, 1935 View in CoL
- With up to 7 pairs of compound pores present (Fig. A), sometimes with associated large agglomerate porous areas ( Fig. 116 View FIGURES 114–116 ). If cephalothoracic compound pores present then only a single cephalic pair (as fig. A), or one on one side only ( Fig. 113 View FIGURES 110–113 ), with no further compound pores present anterior to transverse moulting sutures. Longitudinal moulting suture present..............................................................................4
4 With 1–4 pairs of submedian cephalothoracic setae present. Note: these setae are usually obvious (Figs 54, 55, 63, 65, 67, 69, 100 etc.), but they are sometimes very small ( Figs 71 View FIGURE 71 , 90, 114)..............................9
- Submedian cephalothoracic setae entirely absent ( Figs 73 View FIGURES 73–76 , 77, 80–83, 94, 97)..........................................5
5 Legs without apical claws (Figs 78, 81, 82, 86); 8 th abdominal setae absent; usually with only 0–2 pairs of submarginal setae (if present they are posterior to vasiform orifice, fig. 83) [one species has 12 pairs, fig. 81]; with few dorsal simple pores (of one type only) or none discernible; margin usually conspicuously dentate ( Figs 76 View FIGURES 73–76 –78, 80, 82, 83) ........................................................................ Palaealeurodicus gen. nov.
- Each leg with a pronounced apical claw ( Figs 94 View FIGURE 94 , 97 View FIGURES 95–99 ) or (in a few Ceraleurodicus species ) an apical seta; 8 th abdominal setae present anterior or anterolateral to vasiform orifice ( Figs 74 View FIGURES 73–76 , 94 View FIGURE 94 ); with 12 or more pairs of dorsal submarginal setae ( Figs 94 View FIGURE 94 , 97 View FIGURES 95–99 ); usually with many dorsal simple pores, often of several types; margin usually smooth to irregular....................................................................................................6
6 With 12 pairs of dorsal submarginal setae ( Figs 94 View FIGURE 94 , 97 View FIGURES 95–99 ). ........................................................................... 7
- With 15 pairs of submarginal setae. [On closer examination, such specimens will usually prove to have very small cephalothoracic submedian setae present ( Figs 113 View FIGURES 110–113 , 114 View FIGURES 114–116 ) – see couplet 4]................................9
7 Cephalic pair, and 5 abdominal pairs of compound pores present, all subequal in size (40–65 µ in outer diameter), the abdominal pairs evenly spaced on segments III–VII ( Figs 94 View FIGURE 94 , 120); compound pores each with a protruding, dagger-shaped axial process. Submargin with large double-rimmed pores of two types —concentric (Figs B iv, 94c) and 8-shaped (Figs B iii, 94a); dorsal disc with angular septate pores (Figs B vii, 94b)........................................................ Azuraleurodicus Martin View in CoL in Martin & Polaszek, 1999
- Cephalic pair and 4–6 abdominal pairs of compound pores present ( Figs 97 View FIGURES 95–99 , 117, 118); usually at least some compound pores much smaller than 40 µ, without a protruding axial process; sometimes abdominal compound pores not all evenly spaced (Figs 117, 118). If submargin with double-rimmed pores they are not of the concentric type .....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................8
8 Abdominal compound pores distributed in a smooth arc, almost concentric with curve of puparial margin, with at least posteriormost 4 pairs evenly spaced ( Fig. 97 View FIGURES 95–99 )..... Metaleurodicus Quaintance & Baker, 1913 View in CoL
- Abdominal compound pores not all distributed in a smooth arc, at least 1 of the posteriormost 4 pairs inset or offset; spacing between the abdominal compound pores not even (Figs 117, 118) ................................. ....................................................................................................................... Aleuronudus Hempel, 1922a View in CoL
9 Pair of cephalic setae present but thoracic submedian setal pairs absent ( Fig. 100 View FIGURE 100 ). Cephalic and posterior 4 pairs of abdominal compound pores larger than anterior 1 or 2 abdominal pairs. With 14 pairs of submarginal setae. [Adult forewing with R simple ( Fig. 104 View FIGURES 102–104 ).] ...................... Paraleyrodes Quaintance, 1909 View in CoL
- Cephalic setal pair present or absent but thoracic submedian setae present in 2 or 3 pairs (Figs 54, 55, 67, 69, 71, 101, 110, 114, 115 etc). Compound pores present in a different combination. Usually with 12, 13 or 15 pairs of submarginal setae. [Adult forewing with R forked (Figs 138–140).].................................10
10 With 1 cephalic pair and 6 abdominal pairs of ovoid porous agglomerate pores (Figs B xiii, 116) present. Compound pores present, comprising a pair on each of abdominal segments III & IV, and sometimes also a cephalic pair, each situated within a larger agglomerate pore area (as in fig. 116) ..................................... ........................................................................................................ Leonardius Quaintance & Baker, 1913 View in CoL
- Paired agglomerate pores absent, but occasionally one such porous area present on one side of puparial abdomen (in Ceraleurodicus assymmetrus Bondar View in CoL )...................................................................................11
11 Compound pores ( Fig. 95 View FIGURES 95–99 ) only present on abdominal segment VIII (each possessing a seta-like axial process long enough to reach puparial margin) and on one or both sides of abdominal segment III (without a long and seta-like axial process). With 13 pairs (bodkini) or 15 pairs (undescribed sp, fig. 95, BMNH) of submarginal setae.................................................................... Eudialeurodicus Quaintance & Baker, 1915 View in CoL
- When compound pores present on abdominal segment VIII, then axial processes much shorter, never more than twice pore diameter in total length. With at least one cephalic compound pore often present. With 12, or with more than 13, pairs of submarginal setae........................................................................12
12 Lingula with 2 stout setae clearly visible (Fig. 90), with a much smaller second pair occasionally visible under the highest magnification (Fig. 91). With 6 pairs of very large abdominal compound pores, all similar in size (largest 80–100 µ) and distinctly larger than the cephalic pair (Fig. 90). [Adults with 8-segmented antennae.]................................................................................................. Aleuroctarthrus gen. nov.
- Lingula with 4 stout setae (Figs 21, 22, 25, 27, 33 etc). [Some species have the lingula included within the vasiform orifice (Figs 105, 108, 109, 110, 115) with the anterior pair of setae sometimes difficult to resolve at lower magnifications.] If with 6 pairs of abdominal compound pores that are all similar in size, then they are much smaller and are similar in size to the cephalic pair (Fig. 119). [All known adults with 7-segmented antennae.].............................................................................................................................13
13 With 2 pairs of cicatrices on dorsum of thorax (Figs A, 41, 54, 55, 67, 69 etc). Cephalic pair of compound pores similar in size to those on each of abdominal segments III–VI (4 pairs, figs 67, 69, 71, 72 etc) or III– VIII (6 pairs, fig. 119); if with only 4 abdominal pairs similar in size to cephalic pair, then usually with 1 or 2 much smaller pairs on segment VII and/or VIII ( Figs A, 69 View FIGURE 69 , 72 View FIGURE 72 etc), but sometimes without these smaller pairs (Figs 13, 70, 71). With 12 pairs of submarginal setae..........................................................14
- Cicatrices absent from dorsum of thorax ( Figs 101 View FIGURE 101 , 110 View FIGURES 110–113 , 114, 115 View FIGURES 114–116 ). If cephalic compound pores present, paired, and similar in size to only 4 other pairs, on abdominal segments III–VI, then puparium usually with 15 pairs of submarginal setae.............................................................................................................15
14 Cephalic pair and 6 abdominal pairs of compound pores, on segments III–VIII, all similar in size and form, the abdominal pairs describing an even arc on each side of puparium (Fig. 119); anterior marginal setae usually visible, even if very small ..................................................... Austroaleurodicus Tapia, 1970 View in CoL
- Cephalic pair of compound pores similar in size and form only to the 4 pairs forming an arc on each side of abdominal segments III–VI ( Figs 67 View FIGURE 67 , 69 View FIGURE 69 , 71 View FIGURE 71 , 72 View FIGURE 72 etc); an additional 1 or 2 pairs often present, of different form and usually much smaller than others, situated on abdominal segments VII and/or VIII (Figs A, 54, 55, 57, 67, 69, 72); anterior marginal setae absent .................................... Aleurodicus Douglas, 1892 View in CoL
15 Submarginal setal bases set almost on the rather thickened (and often slightly down-curved) puparial margin ( Fig. 101 View FIGURE 101 ), the setae robust, almost entirely reaching beyond edge of puparium. Puparia symmetrical in compound pore provision and, usually, also in outline ........................... Nealeurodicus Hempel, 1922b View in CoL
- Submarginal setal bases inset from the much more planar (flatter) margin, the setae finer and shorter, not or hardly overlapping puparial margin at all ( Figs 110 View FIGURES 110–113 , 114, 115 View FIGURES 114–116 ). Puparial outline sometimes distinctly asymmetrical ( Fig. 113 View FIGURES 110–113 )..............................................................................................................................16
16 With 12 pairs of submarginal setae. Puparia slightly asymmetrical in outline but compound pore provision symmetrical, with cephalic pair and 5 abdominal pairs which appear to be located on segments II and IV– VII ( Fig. 110 View FIGURES 110–113 ). Puparia without radial “rays” leading from margin towards subdorsum ............................... ....................................................................................................................... Kaieteurodicus Martin, 2008
- Normally with 15 pairs of submarginal setae ( Figs 113 View FIGURES 110–113 , 114, 115 View FIGURES 114–116 ). Puparia may be noticeably asymmetrical in outline and/or compound pore provision ( Figs 113 View FIGURES 110–113 , 134). Puparia often with up to 9 pairs of radial “rays” ( Figs 113 View FIGURES 110–113 , 134), some of which may be associated with ventral tracheal folds.............................17
17 Compound pores comprising only a cephalic pair and one pair on each of abdominal segments III & IV ( Fig. 115 View FIGURES 114–116 ); when undamaged each compound pore with a dagger-shaped axial process present, this process similar in length to maximum pore diameter, not reaching puparial margin. Puparial outline symmetrical .......................................................................................................................... Bakerius Bondar, 1923 View in CoL
- Compound pores rarely present and paired on cephalic segment and abdominal segments III & IV only but, if so, compound pores either without evident axial processes, or with their axial processes exceptionally long and reaching to or beyond the puparial margin. Puparial outline often asymmetrical ( Fig. 113 View FIGURES 110–113 ) .......................................................................................................................................................................18
18 Asymmetry (when evident) affecting puparial outline only; abdomen with 4 pairs of submedially situated, longitudinally aligned, compound pores on segments III–VI ( Fig. 114 View FIGURES 114–116 ). Cephalic and post-vasiform orifice compound pores absent........................................................................ Octaleurodicus Hempel, 1922a View in CoL
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