Pempheris, G.Cuvier, 1829

Mooi, R. D. & Jubb, R. N., 1996, Descriptions of two new species of the genus Pempheris (Pisces: Pempherididae) from Australia, with a provisional key to Australian species, Records of the Australian Museum 48 (2), pp. 117-130 : 127-129

Provisional Key to Australian Pempheris

1. Scales on flank cycloid and deciduous; lateral-line scales smaller than (and partly or mostly concealed by) surrounding scales, sensory tubes longer than wide or wider than long; prepelvic area narrow and keeled or broad and unkeeled

-- Scales on flank ctenoid and adherent; lateral-line scales equal in size or slightly larger than (and not concealed by) surrounding scales, sensory tubes wider than long; prepelvic area broad and unkeeled..............................................................................................................6

2. Dorsal fin V, 10 -13; pelvic axillary scale absent; prepelvic area broad and unkeeled; lateral-line sensory tubes wider than long; anterior light organ present as mass of finger-like projections (Fig. 4c)......................................................................................................................3

--DorsalfinVI,8 -10; pelvic axillaryscale present;prepelvic prepelvic TODO TODO TODO areanarrow andkeeled; lateral-line sensorytubes longerthan TODO TODO TODO TODO wide;anterior lightorgan absent...............................................................................................

3. Body with series of 6 or more longitudinal stripes; lateral-line scales 32-49; segmented anal-fin rays 27 -39..................................................................4

--Body without longitudinal stripes; lateral-line scales 55-63; segmented anal-fin rays 37-43 (Australian endemic: Hervey Bay Qld. south to Montague Island, NSW) .....................................affinis McCulloch, 1911

4. Body with 6 -7 yellow or orange longitudinal stripes; lateral­line scales 32-39; segmented anal-fin rays 27-30; total gill rakers on first arch 28-32; posterior light organ linear with slight bifurcation around anus (Australian endemic: Dongara WA south and east to Rapid Bay SA; Fig. 5 ) ...................................................ornata n.sp.

--Body with 8 or more copper or brown longitudinal stripes; lateral-line scales 42-49; segmented anal-fin rays 32-39; total gill rakers on first arch 33-37; posterior light organ absent (Australian endemic: Jurien Bay WA south, through SA, Vic., Tas., north to Terrigal NSW).................................................. multiradiata Klunzinger, 1880

5. Lateral-line scales 44-51; scales above lateral line 3-4; scales below lateral line 9-13; deep purplish dorsally, almost black posterior to dorsal fin, shading to silvery flanks with pinkish or lavender iridescence; leading edge of dorsal fin dark; scaled base of anal fin dark with remainder of fin pale or lightly pigmented; caudal fin dusky or yellow (widespread Indo­Pacific; in Australia, Rottnest Island, WA north, NT?, south to Capricorn Grp. Qld.)...................................................... ...... schwenkii Bleeker, 1855

--Lateral-line scales 52 -71; scales above lateral line 5-7; scales below lateral line 12-16; body generally coppery or silvery iridescent, sometimes with longitudinal stripes on body; leading edge of dorsal fin dark with black distal tips to anterior segmented rays; anal fin with or without dark base, remainder of fin dusky (or mostly dusky) except for pale distal margin; pectoral fin usually with distinctly dark base or spot (widespread Indo-Pacific; in Australia, Rottnest Island, WA north through NT?, south to Qld and Lord Howe Island, NSW) ........................... oualensis Cuvier, 1831

6. Posteriorlight organ Y-shapedand visiblethrough body wall; TODO TODO TODO pelvic axillaryscale present;total gillrakerson firstarch arch25- TODO TODO TODO TODO TODO 30; segmentedanal-fin rays30-36; anterior lightorganY­ TODO TODO TODO TODO shaped(Fig.4b)(Australian endemic:Shark BayWAnorth TODO TODO TODO TODO throughNT andsouth southto HeronIsland, Qld.; Fig.5 ) .............................. TODO ypsilychnus TODO TODO n.sp.

-- Posterior light organ absent; pelvic axillary scale absent; total gill rakers on first arch 31-38; segmented anal-fin rays 30- 41; anterior light organ absent or a clump of finger-like projections (Fig. 4c) ...................................................................................................................... 7

7. Dorsal spines V (first segmented ray branched); segmented anal-fin rays 36-41; in life, an orange bar behind head to pectoral base; anterior light organ present as a mass of finger­like projections (Fig. 4c) (Australian endemic: Shark Bay WA south and east to Kangaroo Island, SA) .................................. klunzingeri McCulloch, 1911

--Dorsal spines VI (rarely V, if so, first segmented ray unbranched); segmented anal-fin rays 30-40; no orange bar behind head; anterior light organ absent..................................................................................8

8. Segmented anal-fin rays 34-40; body depth:SL ratio as measured from dorsal-fin origin to pelvic-fin origin 0.46-0.51, mean 0.49; anal-fin base:SL ratio 0.52-0.58, mean 0.54; dorsal fin with a dark leading edge, distal tips of only first or second ray dark; anal fin generally dark, without conspicuously darker tips to anterior rays (Australian endemic: Byron Bay NSW south to Gabo Island, SA) compressa (White, 1790 )

--Segmented anal-fin rays 30-36; body depth:SL ratio as measured from dorsal-fin origin to pelvic-fin origin 0.41-0.46, mean 0.44; anal-fin base:SL ratio 0.43 -0.49, mean 0.46; dorsal fin with or without dark leading edge, distal third of first to fifth ray dark; tips of anterior anal-fin rays distinctly darker than other rays, other rays pale or pigmented (Jurien Bay WA north, through NT?, south to Broughton Island, NSW, east to Lord Howe Island; also Kermadec Island and North Island, NewZealand) .................................................................................................analisWaite,1910.

Figures

Fig. 5. Line drawing ofPempheris ornata n.sp., AMS. 1.20221-002, 58.5 mm SL, Mondrain Island, Recherche Archipelago, Western Australia. (RNJ).