Obelia geniculata ( Linnaeus, 1758 )

Calder, Dale R., 2013, Some shallow-water hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from the central east coast of Florida, USA, Zootaxa 3648 (1), pp. 1-72 : 57-58

Obelia geniculata ( Linnaeus, 1758)

Fig. 16e

Sertularia geniculata Linnaeus, 1758: 812 .

Type locality. UK: Dover. According to Cornelius (1975), Linnaeus (1758) is likely to have established this species based on an illustration of material from Dover, England, by Ellis (1755).

Voucher material. Off Fort Pierce , between Capron Shoal and the beach, on Thyroscyphus ramosus , 09.v.1974, SCUBA, two colonies, up to 7 mm high, with one empty gonotheca, coll. D. Biggs and D. Mook, ROMIZ B1073 .— Hutchinson Island , Walton Rocks area, 27°20’19”N, 80°13’59”W, on algae, 17.ii.1991, collected manually, one colony, up to 5 mm high, with gonophores, coll. D.R. Calder, ROMIZ B1107 .— Fort Pierce Inlet , north jetty, north side, 27°28’24.2”N, 80°17’20.3”W, on Thyroscyphus ramosus , 0.1 m, 15.ii.1991, 20° C, collected manually, two colonies, up to 8 mm high, with gonophores, coll. D.R. Calder, ROMIZ B1115 .— Sebastian Inlet , 27°51’43”N, 80°26’47”W, washed ashore on Sargassum , 19.ii.1991, collected manually, one colony, up to 5 mm high, without gonophores, coll. D.R. Calder, ROMIZ B1119 .

Remarks. While often thought to be virtually cosmopolitan in shallow waters, molecular studies ( Govindarajan et al. 2005) suggest the existence of cryptic species in hydroids of the Obelia geniculata ( Linnaeus, 1758) morphotype. Moreover, the reported latitudinal distribution of O. geniculata , from the subarctic to the tropics, also appears to be exceptionally wide for a single species. Within that geographic range, local morphological variants have been noted. In one example, populations from Chesapeake Bay lack the usual asymmetrical development of perisarc on internodes of the hydrocaulus ( Calder 1971), considered characteristic of the species ( Cornelius 1995b). Hydroids from Florida examined here had the typical asymmetric thickening of perisarc on stem internodes beneath the distal hydrotheca on each, but colonies appeared to be stunted compared with those from boreal waters of the western and eastern North Atlantic ( Calder 1975, 2012).

Reported distribution. Atlantic coast of Florida. First record.

Western Atlantic. Hudson Strait ( Fraser 1944) to Argentina (Oliveira et al. submitted), and from the Gulf of Mexico ( Joyce 1961; Calder & Cairns 2009) and Caribbean Sea ( Vervoort 1968, as Laomedea (Obelia) geniculata ).

Elsewhere. Considered essentially cosmopolitan in neritic waters ( Vervoort & Watson 2003).

Figures

FIGURE 16. a, Clytia noliformis: hydrotheca and distal part of pedicel, ROMIZ B3984, scale equals 0.10 mm. b, Clytia noliformis: gonotheca, ROMIZ B3984, scale equals 0.10 mm. c, Clytia paulensis: part of colony with hydrotheca and pedicel, ROMIZ B1103, scale equals 0.20 mm. d, Clytia paulensis: hydrotheca and distal part of pedicel, ROMIZ B1103, scale equals 0.10 mm. e, Obelia geniculata: part of hydrocaulus with three hydrothecae, ROMIZ B1119, scale equals 0.25 mm. f, Obelia hyalina: part of colony with three hydrothecae, ROMIZ B3985, scale equals 0.25 mm. g, Obelia oxydentata: part of colony with three hydrothecae, ROMIZ B1112, scale equals 0.25 mm.