Callitriche terrestris Rafinesque (1808: 358)

Lansdown, Richard V. & Hassemer, Gustavo, 2021, The genus Callitriche (Plantaginaceae: Callitricheae) in South America, Phytotaxa 501 (1), pp. 85-118 : 110-111

21. Callitriche terrestris Rafinesque (1808: 358)

≡ Callitriche verna var. terrestris (Raf.) Torrey (1840: 136) .

Type:— UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. PENNSYLVANIA: Ad ripus fluvii Lecha prope Philadelphiam , August 1832, C.J. Moser s.n. (neotype [designated here] NY barcode 00248730!) .

= Callitriche deflexa var. subsessilis Fassett (1951: 150) , syn. nov. ≡ Callitriche terrestris subsp. subsessilis (Fassett) Bacigalupo (1979a: 577–578) . Type: — COLOMBIA. NORTE DE SANTANDER: East of Bata, valley of Rio Chitagá, south-west of Pamplona , 6500 ft, 13 October 1944 ,

N.C. Fassett 25932 (holotype MO-1607122!; isotypes CM!, GH barcode 00048930!, NY barcode 00248743!, US-1989482 barcode

00095624!, US-2166226 barcode 00609860!, WIS!).

Description: —Stem and leaf scales present. Leaf bases connate. Lingulate leaves unknown, expanded submerged or floating leaves unknown, apical leaves not forming a floating rosette, leaves of terrestrial plants uniform, obovateoblanceolate, to spathulate, 1.5–3.9 × 0.8–1.4(–1.5) mm, petiole 0.1–1.2 mm, 3-veined. UsuallY ♂ and ♀ flowers opposed bY a solitarY ♀, less often solitarY. Bracts lacking. StYles defleXed, persistent, ≤ 0.7 mm. Filaments erect, ≤ 0.4 mm; anthers reniform, 0.2–0.3 mm diameter; pollen Yellow. Fruit not strumose, subsessile or on pedicels <0.4mm, wider than high, black when ripe, 0.3–0.7 × 0.6–1.0 mm high, narrowly winged throughout 0.01–0.05 mm.

Illustrations: —plate 1170(2–3) in Fassett (1951); Figure 7 (a–g) in Bacigalupo (1979b); figures on pages 144 and 145 in Lansdown (2008); Figure 5 (j).

Distribution: — Callitriche terrestris occurs from Illinois east to Massachusetts and south to Louisiana in the United States, where a record from North Dakota (MO-1913701) was from an arboretum and may involve a non-native population. It occurs throughout much of Mexico, as well as in Costa Rica, Guatemala and Honduras ( Lansdown & Christenhusz 2014) and from Venezuela south through Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and much of Brazil to Bolivia and Buenos Aires Province in Argentina. It is also known as a non-native from Japan ( Katsuyama & Kawasumi 1999) and Taiwan ( Lansdown 2006a). Known altitudinal range: 625–2600 m. See maps on pages 147 and 152 in Fassett (1951).

Notes: —No original specimen for the name Callitriche terrestris could be located, including amongst the collections at PH ( Jordan Teisher, pers. comm., 26 October 2020). It is a well-known fact that most of the specimens belonging to the Rafinesque herbarium are unfortunately lost ( Stuckey 1971, Boewe 2005, 2011, Hassemer et al. 2018). Therefore, we designate a suitable neotype for the name C. terrestris , in accordance with Art. 9.8 of the Code. In the course of research into the genus, hundreds of specimens of C. terrestris have been studied from throughout its range and including subsp. subsessilis . Whilst it is possible that minor differences exist between Central and South American population and those in North America, it has not been possible to distinguish material consistently. We therefore consider that there is no merit in retention of subsp. subsessilis as a separate taxon.

Callitriche terrestris can be distinguished from all other Callitriche species in the region by the lack of bracts, small flat-faced fruit (tYpicallY <1 mm long and wide) and simple leaf venation.

Conservation status: — Callitriche terrestris is classed as Least Concern (LC) as it has a very wide distribution and appears to be abundant throughout much of its range.

Additional material studied: —[only South American specimens listed] [label illegible] A. Regnell III 1762 (P barcode P04214852); [label illegible], 22 September [18]67, A. Regnell s.n. (P barcode P04214854). ARGENTINA. BUENOS AIRES: Cantera, Punta La Gata, Isla Martín Carcía, 3 March 2002, J. Hurrell et al. 4594 (SI); CATAMARCA: Fangoso, Yetón (San Benito-Guzmango), Contumazá Province, 12 June 1983, A. Sagástegui & S. López M. 10554 (F); CORRIENTES: Wet ground, “Santa Teresa”, Mburucuyá Department, 25 November 1959, T.M. Pedersen 5298 (F); damp clayey soil in dense shade, “La Yela”, Empedradio District, 7 October 1980, T.M. Pedersen 12938 (C, F); playa arenosa, Arroyo Barrancas y Ruta 126, Esquina, 20 October 1977, O. Ahumada et al. 1122 (SI), mixed collection including C. deflexa ; ENTRE RÍOS: Acuatica con hojas flotantes y terrestre en el fango, San Jaime de la Frontera, Arroyo Tunas, 27 November 1976, N.S. Troncoso et al. 1459 (SI), mixed collection two packets of C. terrestris and two mounted specimens of C. rimosa ; [illegible] Formosa, August 1919, P. JØrgensen 3240 (F, US); Arroyo Cangui chico, cerca del Puente sobre ruta 11 (de Resistancia [?] Formosa), dpto Bermejo, Gob. del Chaco, 5 October 1971, A. Martinez et al. 9661 (SI-095395); JUJUY: Zapla a San Salvador de Jujuy, 9 November 1974, A.E. Burkart et al. 30556 (F, K, P barcode P04214914, US); El Bananal, Dpto. Ledesma, 15 September 1991, E.R. Guaglianone et al. 2655 (SI); El Mogote, Quebrada Los Morados, entre La Almona y San Antonio, A.L. Cabrera et al. 34792 (SI); subida la antenna, Mina 9 Octobre Zapla, Capital, 11 May 1981, A.L. Cabrera et al. 32663 (SI). SALTA. Cubriendo charcos permanents, chaco serrano seco, La Pedrera, 3 km al sur del parquet industrial, Dpto Capital x Cerrillos, 25 May 1988, L.J. Novara 8017 (G); 15 km al N de Isla de Caňas, Limoncito, dpto. OrÁn, 20 September 1991, E.R. Guaglianone et al. 2751 (SI); [illegible], 27 June 1944, Williuk 59 (NY); TUCUMÁN: Sierra de San Javier 14 km al oeste de Tucumán, Tucumán Department, 800 m, 14 July 1949, C. O’D., J. Araque, M., F.A. Barkley 19Ar000 ( US); en terra humeda y abrigada, Parque de Julio, Capital Dept., August 1923, S. Venturi 2052 (GH, US). BOLIVIA. TARIJA: July and August 1846, M.H.A. Weddell 4038 (P barcode P04214848); LA PAZ: Aufmassen boden, San Carlos, Mapiri region, 850 m, 26 November 1926, O. Buchtien 1890 (NY); La Florida , Sur Yungus Province, 1900 m, 8 December 1920, E. Asplund 1603 (NY). BRAZIL. 1844, M. Weddell 1007 (P barcode P04214893); locis humidis hortensibus, 900 m, 2 October 1914, P.K.H. Dusén s.n. (GH); MINAS GERAIS. Minaruru, ad fluvium, 15 July 1854, G.A. Lindberg s.n. (STU-15661); Caldas, 22 September 1867, A.F. Regnell 1578 (F, P barcode P04214858); Ouro Preto, 1894, M. Gomez 26804 (F); RIO DE JANEIRO: M. Glaziou s.n. (K); San Antonio (Petropolis), 24 September 1875, Glaziou 8077 (G, P barcode P04214894), mixed collection with C. deflexa ; Catal. A1, 486 (P barcode P04214916); weed in garden, Quinta de Boa Vista, Rio de Janeiro, 11 July 1967, F.R. Fosberg 48526 ( US); SANTA CATARINA: F. Müller 413 (K); no terreno humido de Conconhar porto de Tubovau, September 1889, E. Ule 1257 (P barcode P04214851); auf feuchten Erdboden in den Sümpfen von Conconhaz, September 1889, F. Kurtz 1257 (STU-15656); Itajahy, Colonie Blumenau (Brusque), an Wegen un Grabenrändern, auf feuchtem Boden, October 1869, s.coll., s.n. (STU-15660); PERNAMBUCO: Moist sand, among rocks by nearly dry streamlet through dry scrub (caatinga), Bello Jardim, Serra do Genipapo, 625 m, 14–15 November 1924, A. Chase 7710 ( US). COLOMBIA. CUNDINAMARCA: Moist soil, clearing, Tequendama, 2400–2600 m, 28 October 1917, F.W. Pennell 2648 (NY). ECUADOR. BOLÍVAR: lieux humides des forets, entre Guarauda et Bodegas, November 1856, A. Remy s.n. (P barcode P04214869, P barcode P04214867); COTOPAXI: Tenefuerste, Rio Pilalo, km 52–53, Quevado, Latacunga, 750–1300 m, 21 February 1982, C.H. Dodson & A.H. Gentry 12767 ( US); GUAYAS: on moist soil, north rim of the valley of the rio de Cañar, 23–25 April 1954, M. Giler & W.H. Camp 2834 (NY). PARAGUAY. [illegible], October 1892, O. Kuntze s.n. (NY); CENTRAL: sur le terre humide, Luque, 7 June 1874, B. Balansa 2352 (G, P barcode P05109233, P barcode P04214846); Lugue, sur la terre humide, 7 June 1874, B. Balansa 2352a (P barcode P04214847); Sur les bords des mares, L’Assumption, September 1878, B. Balansa s.n. (G, K barcode K001048686); SAN PEDRO: Edge of pond in wet, low camp, fairly frequent in winter, Primavera, 31 July 1955, A. Woolston 545 (K). PERU. AYACUCHO: In ipsa urbe, prope Agapata, June, W. Lechler & T.F. Hohenant 1995 (P barcode P04214944); prope Agapata, s.d., R.F. Hohenacker 1995 (G); CAJAMARCA: Contumazá Province, 12 June 1983, A. Sagástegui & S. López M. 10554 (F). VENEZUELA. APURE: Mountains south of Rio Chitagá, east of Bata, valley of Rio Chitagá, southwest of Pamplona, 6500 ft., 13 October 1944 N.C. Fassett 25932 (NY); CAPITAL: Caracas, 1870, A. Ernst 3245 (STU-15657).

Figures

FIGURE 5. Fruits of South American Callitriche: a—C. lechleri, b—C. mandonis, c—C. nubigena, d—C. oblongicarpa, e—C. praetermissa, f—C. quindiensis, g—C. rimosa, h—C. schotsmaniana, i—C. stagnalis, j—C. terrestris, k—C. turfosa.

FIGURE 7. Lectotype of Callitriche turfosa (C.L.G. Bertero 881, TUB-022350). Copyright: Universität Tübingen.