Callitriche deflexa A.Braun ex Hegelmaier (1864: 58)

Lansdown, Richard V. & Hassemer, Gustavo, 2021, The genus Callitriche (Plantaginaceae: Callitricheae) in South America, Phytotaxa 501 (1), pp. 85-118 : 95-96

7. Callitriche deflexa A.Braun ex Hegelmaier (1864: 58)

Type: — BRAZIL. RIO DE JANEIRO: 1859, F. Rudio s.n. (lectotype [designated here] STU-15655!; isolectotypes G, GH barcode 00048927!, GH barcode 00048928!, GH barcode 00048929!, K barcode K000470002!, MO-1913776!, MO-1913777!, STU-15662!) .

= Callitriche deflexa var. brauniana Hegelmaier (1867: 15)

Type: — BRAZIL. RIO DE JANEIRO: 1859, F. Rudio s.n. (lectotype [designated here] STU-15655!; isolectotypes G, GH barcode 00048927!, GH barcode 00048928!, GH barcode 00048929!, K barcode K000470002!, MO-1913776!, MO-1913777!, STU-15662!) .

= Callitriche deflexa var. glaziovii Hegelmaier (1875: 13) .

Type: — BRAZIL. RIO DE JANEIRO: in locis humidis umbrosus, September 1869, A.F.M. Glaziou 3647 (lectotype [designated here] STU- 15662!; isolectotypes C!, P barcode P03985909!) .

Description: —Stem and leaf scales present. Leaf bases connate. Lingulate leaves unknown, expanded submerged or floating leaves unknown, apical leaves not forming a floating rosette, leaves of terrestrial plants elliptic, (1–)2–4 × 0.8–2.3(–3.0) mm; petiole 0.5–2.0 mm long, 3-veined. UsuallY one ♂ and one ♀ flower together in most leaf aXils, occasionallY solitarY. Bracts lacking. StYles recurved, caducous, ≤ 1.8 mm long. Filaments erect, of undehisced stamens ≤ 0.2 mm long, of dehisced stamens ≤ 0.5 mm long; anthers reniform, 0.15–0.35 mm diameter; pollen Yellow. Fruits not strumose, with pedicel ≤ 6.6 mm long, wider than high, black when mature, 0.5–1.0 × 0.7–1.0 mm, wing 0.03–0.10 mm throughout.

Illustrations: —plate 1169(13) in Fassett (1951); Figure 8 in Bacigalupo (1979b); figures on pages 140 and 141 in Lansdown (2008); Figure 1 (h).

Distribution: — Callitriche deflexa is native to central South America in an area including southern Brazil (Paraná, Rio de Janeiro and Rio Grande do Sul), Paraguay, Uruguay and northern Argentina (Buenos Aires, Corrientes, Santa Fe and Tucumán). It is also very widespread as a non-native, with records from Australia (Royal Botanic Gardens, Melbourne, Victoria), Mauritius, Morocco (Cherrate Arboretum), Portugal (Azores-Faial, São Jorge, Terceira, São Miguel, Santa Maria and Pico, Azores) ( Seregin 2014) (and the Botanical Garden at Coimbra), South Africa (including the Botanical Garden, Durban, Gauteng, Kwa-Zulu Natal and Western Cape) ( Lansdown et al. 2017b), Taiwan, Tanzania ( Schotsman 1988) and the United Kingdom ( Ascension Island). There are no altitude data available from its native range. See map on page 147 in Fassett (1951).

Notes: —Lectotypification for Callitriche deflexa was proposed by Lansdown et al. (2017b), but there are two specimens of the type gathering F. Rudio s.n. kept at STU, and this work failed to designate a single specimen as the lectotype. Therefore, it should be regarded as a first-step lectotypification (Art. 9.17 of the Code). Thus, we designate here the best specimen of these two, STU-15655, as the lectotype of both C. deflexa and C. deflexa var. brauniana . It should be noted that the only syntype of C. deflexa that belongs to this species as understood today (i.e., the specimen F. Rudio s.n., Herb. A. Br. [not located]) is also the holotype of C. deflexa var. brauniana , hence the appropriateness of designating the same specimen as lectotype of both names.

Callitriche deflexa var. glaziovii was described by Hegelmaier (1875: 13) based on A.F.M. Glaziou 3647, with A. Courbon 163 also cited as paratype. Assigned to synonymy by Fassett (1951) both collections are typical C. deflexa . We designate here the specimen A.F.M. Glaziou 3647 (STU-15662) as the lectotype of C. deflexa var. glaziovii . The type specimen of C. deflexa var. phaeocarpa is actually C. turfosa and discussed under that species.

Callitriche deflexa is most readily recognised by many or all fruit being long-pedunculate and wider than high but ≤ 1 mm diameter. It is a characteristic terrestrial taXon and even when inundated, will not form floating rosettes.

Conservation status: — Callitriche deflexa is classed as Least Concern (LC) because it is widespread, at least locally abundant and faces no know significant threats.

Additional material studied:— ARGENTINA. Cubre la superficie de agua [illegible], Estancia La Potala, proxima a Estancia Libertad, 26 October 1950, E.G. Nicora 5499 (SI); fonds desecado del lago, Palemo, J.H. Hunziker 1634 (K); BUENOS AIRES: San Isidro, 1887–1888, C. Bettfreund 128 ( PH); flaques d’eau bordant le Rio de la Plata, a Buenos-Aires, 21 November 1875, B. Balansa s.n. (P barcode P04214842); [illegible], 12 November 01, N.M.Tur & E.Ulibarri 4176 (SI); CORRIENTES: In full sun on clayey soil damp from the spray from an overflowing water cistern, “La Yela”, Empedrado Department, 7 October 1980, T.M. Pedersen 12939 (C, F, G, NY); on moist or wet ground, bare or with patchy, short grass, soil “black earth”, Estancia “Santa Maria”, Mburucuyá Department, 9 August 1952, T.M. Pedersen 1790 (BR, C, P barcode P04214900, US); On almost bare ground, “black earth”, Estancia “Santa Teresa”, Mburucuyá Department, 11 August 1954, T.M. Pedersen 2672 (C, US) [mixed with C. terrestris ]; on almost bare ground, “black earth”, Estancia “Santa Maria”, Mburucuyá Department, 11 August 1954, T.M. Pedersen 2762 (BR, G, K, P barcode P04214902); playa arenosa, Arroyo Barrancas y Ruta 126, Esquina, Corrientes Dept., 20 October 1977, O. Ahumada et al. 1122 (SI) [mixed with C. terrestris ]; Estancia Santa Teresa, Dep. Mburucuyá, 8 October 1954, A.E. Burkart 19365 (SI); SANTA FE. Lag. Los Espejos, Dpto. La Capital, 2 October 1969, N.M. Tur 1288 (SI); TUCUMÁN: Arroyo Manantial (Ojo de Agua), Tafi Dept., 29 August 1949, M. Stachino 3 (BR barcode BR0000024932622, P barcode P04214901). AUSTRALIA. VICTORIA: Royal Botanic Gardens, Melbourne, South Yarra, Gippsland Plain, 37º 49’ S, 144º 58’ 34” E, V. Stajsic 3111 (MEL 2162618), 37º 50’ 01” S, 144º 58’ 42” E, V. Stajsic 2963 (MEL-2153529), 37º 49’ 48” S, 144º 58’ 51” E, V. Stajsic 2964 (MEL-2153530); 37º 49’ 55” S, 144º 58’ 34” E, V. Stajsic 2965 (MEL- 2153528); 37º 50’ 01” S, 144º 58’ 42” E, V. Stajsic 3112 (MEL-2162620); 37º 49’ 47” S, 144º 58’ 42” E, V. Stajsic 3319 (MEL-2162631, NSW-586699); 37º 50’ 01” S, 144º 58’ 42” E, V. Stajsic 3121 (MEL-2162620). BRAZIL. Pedras Brancas, in [?] uliginosis, coguissime pulvinata, 8 October 1892, C.A.M. Lindman 409 (BM); PARANÁ: Curitiba, locis opertis subhumidis, 2 October 1914, G. Jonsson 1044a (BM, BR, F, G, GH, K, PH, US). RIO DE JANEIRO: S.d., A. Glaziou 36207 (P barcode P04214897); RIO GRANDE DO SUL: No chão úmido, São Leopoldo, August 1941, E. Leite 2796 (GH). MAURITIUS. Garden at Phoenix Mauritius, growing on damp soil mixed with mosses, hepatics, 11 October 1975, R.E. Vaughan s.n. (K); common weed, creeping over clay paths in shady places, Phoenix, 27 August 1964, R.E. Vaughan MAU 11352 (P barcode P03900486); growing on paths in moist compact soil, creeping, tiny leaved annual, common in garden at Darwin Avenue, Quatre Bornes, 9 August 1973, J. Gueho MAU 16004 (P barcode P03900487); muddy soil, Vacoas, 6 August 1978, J. Guého 18929 (K); MOROCCO. Piste, Cherrate, 1970, J. Mathez et al. s.n. (P); Reg. Rabat, reboisement de l’o. Cherrate, piste venant a la source a Callitriche cribrosa , 18 April 1970, J. Mathez 5365 (RAB-47213); piste a Cherrate, Reg., Rabat, Arboretum de l‘o Cherrate, piste venant a la source, J. Mathez et al. 7 (RAB-44617); Jardin du Z, zarkat Abou-Ali-Al-Youssi (chez Mathez), pelouse de Stenophrum, 6 May 1975, J. Mathez 7543 (RAB-47228). PARAGUAY. Dans les fontaines les ruisseaux, L’Assumption, 16 August 1874, B. Balansa 2688 (P barcode P04214844), [illegible] P. JØrgensen 4509 (NY). PORTUGAL. AÇORES: Ponta Delgada, Harbour Sao Miguel, September 2001, F.J. Rumsey s.n. (NMW); on a bank near the fortess, Angra, Isle of Terceira, 5 July 1972, A. Hansen 377 (C). SOUTH AFRICA. GAUTENG: Disturbed clay soil over sandstone in runoff from shade houses, Rosslyn. Malanseuns Nursery, Pretoria District, 10 September 1992, H.F. Glen 3051 (PRE-782504); KWA- ZULU NATAL: On damp soil forming dense mat, Carters Nursery, Pietermaritzburg, 20 October 1969, K.D. Gordon- Gray 6258 (NU); Nugro Seedlings, just outside Amsterdam on the road to Paulpietersburg, Mpumalanga, 2001, C.D.K. Cook s.n. (NMW); WESTERN CAPE: weed of flowerpots, Somerset West, Stellenbosch Division, 13 September 1953, R.N. Parker s.n. (BOL-4908; K); weed of wet ground, Faure, Stellenbosch Division, 27 September 1953, R.N. Parker 4915 (BOL, K). TAIWAN. Roadside, Jijin 1 st Road, Keelung City, 12 May 2012, C.-F. Chen 3456 (TAIF). UNITED KINGDOM. ASCENSION ISLAND: Road margin alongside the Farm, occurring only on the Mountain Road between the Red Lion and the Old Marine Barracks and generally only where depressions of compressed bare mud have been exposed through the worn tarmac,- 7.949576º S- 14.3507º W, 726 m, 30 September 2008, P.W. Lambdon A081 (K barcode K000000001). URUGUAY. MONTEVIDEO: Marais du Carrasco, 23 March 1853, Courbon 163 (STU); Miguelete District, November 1936, W.G. Herter 9293 (F, NY, US); [illegible] et in cultis solo humido, 8 May 1907, C. Osten 5744 (G, NSW); 1816–1821, A. de Saint-Hilaire C2-2292 (P barcode P04214896); Montevideo, Courbon 856 (P barcode P04214899); Montevideo, M. Fruchard s.n. (P barcode P04214906); F. Felippone 2647 (SI-095383).

Figures

FIGURE 1. Fruits of South American Callitriche: a—C. albomarginata, b—C. antarctica, c—C. berteroana, d—C. ciliata, e—C. ciliata showing fibrils, f—C. concinna, g—C. dacryoidea, h—C. deflexa, i—C. ecarinata, j—C. hegelmaieriana, k—C. heterophylla, l—C. heteropoda.