Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (Valenciennes, 1844)

Saad, Adib, Çiçek, Erdoğan, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Fricke, Ronald, Sungur, Sevil & Eagderi, Soheil, 2023, Freshwater fishes of Syria: a revised and updated annotated checklist- 2023, Zootaxa 5350 (1), pp. 1-62 : 25

Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (Valenciennes, 1844) [I]—Silver carp; Carp feddi

Taxonomy. Original description: Leuciscus molitrix Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1844: 360 [ China; no types known].—Syrian synonyms: None.—Revisions: Berg (1949: 846).—Illustration: Berg (1949: 847, fig. 579).

Status in Syria. First record from Syria by Nellen & Ruckes (1975).—Syrian materials: MSL.

Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: In the fish farms in the Al-Ghab region, the Orontes River basin, as well as in the fish farms of the estuary Al- Sin River on the Syrian coast, it was introduced in the beginning of the eighties from North Korea with the aim of culture and improving the productivity of the common carp fishponds (mixed breeding) and it is propagated artificially.—Distribution in River Basin: 4-Orontes.— General distribution: Asia: East Asia: Yangtze River basin, China, and Russia; widely introduced elsewhere.— Distribution in Ecoregion: 437-Orontes.—Habitat: This species migrates upstream for spawning; eggs and larva float downstream to floodplain zones. In its natural range. An active species well known for its habit of leaping clear of the water when disturbed. Swims just beneath the water’s surface. Very sensitive to low temperatures (below 5°C) and oxygen deficits. It feeds on phytoplankton and zooplankton. Freshwater, brackish.

Economic importance. Commercially important.

Reasons of introduction. Fisheries: enhancement of wild stocks and sports fishing.

Conservation. Not relevant (introduced species).