Drosera montana Saint-Hilaire (1826: 260)

Rivadavia, Fernando, Gonella, Paulo Minatel, Sano, Paulo Takeo & Fleischmann, Andreas, 2014, Elucidating the controversial Drosera montana complex (Droseraceae): a taxonomic revision, Phytotaxa 172 (3), pp. 141-175 : 147-152

Drosera montana Saint-Hilaire (1826: 260) ( Figs. 1–4)

Type: — BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: Inverni in jugis altioribus montium dictorum Serra do Papagayo in parte australi provinciae Minas Geraes , March , without date, Saint-Hilaire D-542 (holotype P!; isotypes P!, K(plant on the top right) image!, MPU image!) .

= Drosera communis A.St. -Hil. var. pauciflora Eichler in Martius & Eichler (1872: 394)

Type: — BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: Santa Bárbara, Serra do Caraça , January 1825, Riedel 1463 (holotype B!; isotypes P!, K image!) .

Description: —Perennial rosetted herbs, winter-dormant, acaulescent, rosettes lax, few-leaved, never forming columns of accumulated dead leaves. Roots slightly succulent, sparsely branched, black, densely covered with root hairs. Indumentum consists of white eglandular trichomes (pale brown when dried) on the abaxial leaf surface, more rarely on the adaxial petiole surface and base of the scape; capitate glandular trichomes on scape, bracts, pedicels, and sepals; and minute sessile glands ca. 0.03 mm in diameter on leaves and inflorescence parts. Leaves 4–17 mm long, with circinate vernation, decumbent, oblong, oblong-spatulate or more rarely spatulate, apex obtuse, wine to deep red, greenish to dull green in shadier habitats; petiole 1–7 mm long, 0.2–0.5(–1) mm wide, abaxial surface sparse to densely eglandular-pilose, adaxial surface glabrous to sparsely eglandular-pilose; lamina 3–11 mm long, 1.5–4(–4.5) mm wide, abaxial surface glabrous to sparsely eglandular-pilose, the trichomes concentrated at the base and along the lateral margins of the lamina, adaxial surface covered with numerous red, motile, capitate tentacles with radial symmetry, the apical tentacles (and often the lateral marginal tentacles) inconspicuously distinct, with bilaterally symmetrical, ellipsoid to oblong heads with unifacial gland tip; stipules 1–3 mm long, 0.4–1.3 mm wide at the base, rectangular to triangular, laciniate, membranaceous, translucent white to reddish in color (drying bronze colored), the apical 1/3–2/3 divided into several laciniae, or into 3 segments, the lateral ones longer, narrower, and poorly divided, the central shorter and broader with fimbriate apex. Scapes 1–2(–3), erect from the base, 30–320(–420) mm long (including floriferous part), terete, green to deep red in color, glandular trichomes present from the base, somewhat uniform in size and increasing in density towards apex, occasionally sparsely eglandular-pilose on the basal third; inflorescence a scorpioid cyme bearing 1–7(–10) flowers, never bifurcating; bracts caducous, usually absent on mature scapes, 0.5–3 mm long, lanceolate to linear, densely glandular-pilose abaxially; pedicels 1–7(–9) mm long, inserted (5–) 6–20 mm apart, densely glandular-pilose; sepals 5, 2– 6 mm long, 0.8–2 mm wide, ovate to oblong-ovate, united at the basal 1/4–1/3 of length, apex acute, densely glandular-pilose abaxially; petals 5, 5– 7 mm long, 2–3 mm wide, oblong-obovate to broadly obovate, light to dark pink in color, or rarely bicolored with nearly white base, becoming pink towards the apex; stamens 5, 1.2–3.5 mm long, filaments white to light pink, anthers 0.5–1 mm long, bithecate, yellow; ovary 3-carpellate, fused, 0.9–1.8 mm in diameter, globose to ovoid, trilobed or hexalobed in outline; styles 3, forked at the base, 1.5–3 mm long (including stigmata), pale pink in color, style arms curving inwards at the end of anthesis, stigmata flabellate to cordiform, or bifid; fruit a dry dehiscent capsule, 2–3 mm long, ellipsoid, 3-valvate; seeds 0.3–0.6 mm long, 0.15–0.20 mm wide, ovoid to ellipsoid, black, testa reticulate.

Illustrations: — Silva (1994: 75, fig. 13A–C, E1, E2, H, I1, J–N, O1); Silva & Giulietti (1997: 93, fig. 9A–C, F, G, L, O, Q–U); Correa & Silva (2005: 45, fig. 26D–F); Silva (2008: 395, fig. 1H–J); Ferrero & Mello-Silva (2011: 17, fig. 2D–F).

Distribution and ecology: — Drosera montana is one of the most widespread Drosera taxa in South America (together with D. cayennensis , D. communis , D. grantsaui , and D. sessilifolia ) and it is found disjunctly in Brazil and Bolivia.

In Brazil, it is known from the states of Bahia, Goiás, Distrito Federal, Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Paraná, and Santa Catarina ( Fig. 1). It is probably also present in Espírito Santo, since it is abundant on the Minas Gerais (western) side of the Pico da Bandeira , which lies on the border between these two states. No records were seen for the Brazilian states of Rondônia, Mato Grosso, and Mato Grosso do Sul, geographically intermediate between the Brazilian and Bolivian distributions .

Drosera montana is also found along a somewhat continuous stretch of nearly 1000 km of the eastern slopes of the Bolivian Andes, in south, central and western Bolivia, in the Departments of La Paz, Santa Cruz, Chuquisaca and Tarija ( Fig. 2 ). No records were found from the Department of Cochabamba, intermediate between the northern and southern ranges of the species in Bolivia. Considering how close some collections were made to the borders with Peru and Argentina, it is possible that D. montana is also native to these two countries .

A previous report of D. montana for Paraguay ( Duno de Stefano & Silva 2001) could not be verified as no specific references are cited. It is here assumed that this record was based on Chodat’s type of D. montana f. parviflora [Hassler 5271 (P)], which is here considered conspecific with D. communis (see Results). A previous record for Peru ( Brako & Zaruchi 1993) was verified to be based on a misidentified specimen of D. cayennensis [Gentry & Núñez 69485 (MO)], a species that is here first recorded for that country.

Drosera montana is most often observed in sandy locations or on thin layers of soil over sandstone, but it has a relatively broad ecological amplitude and can be found in a variety of different open habitats and nutrient-poor soil types in montane to sub-alpine regions at elevations between 800–2500 m in Brazil, and between (1240–) 1800–2310 m in Bolivia. In Brazil it is often seen growing as a ruderal species in disturbed areas such as trail sides, banks along roads, and other open, freshly exposed, or eroded habitats. These are generally drier than those preferred by other native Brazilian Drosera taxa. Drosera montana is also one of the rare Brazilian sundew species that regularly occurs in reddish soils ( Fig. 4B, C ) or in white clayey substrates ( Fig. 4A ) .

A few Drosera species have been observed growing sympatric with D. montana , including D. brevifolia , D. communis , D. hirtella var. hirtella , D. latifolia , D. villosa , as well as D. tomentosa and D. spirocalyx . Several other taxa have been observed in neighboring habitats: D. ascendens , D. camporupestris , D. cayennensis , D. chrysolepis , D. grantsaui , D. hirtella var. lutescens , D. spiralis , D. tentaculata , and D. viridis .

In Brazil, D. montana , D. hirtella , and especially D. cayennensis are very well adapted to seasonally wet habitats, where they regularly enter a dormancy state in the drier months of the year, during which the plants completely dissapear from the soil surface, growing back from the roots once the rains return months later.

Phenology: — Drosera montana is a seasonal geophyte, usually without vegetative parts present above the soil during the dry season (which extends from approximately May to November in the species’ distribution in Brazil and Bolivia), surviving as dormant tap roots—although in rare perennially humid habitats D. montana can produce leaves throughout the year. The flowering period is concentrated in the wet season, from December to March in Brazil, and from January to May in Bolivia, with a few individuals occasionally flowering until early dry season (June) in both countries. Similar to almost all other Drosera taxa, the species of the D. montana complex produce flowers that open for only one day, beginning early in the morning on sunny days and usually closing around midday.

IUCN Red List Category: — Drosera montana is widespread and common, occurring inside numerous protected areas, sometimes even growing as a ruderal species in disturbed areas, and is thus considered here of Least Concern (LC), according to the IUCN criteria ( IUCN 2001).

Discussion: —The seasonal geophyte habit of D. montana immediately distinguishes it from other members of the complex, an ecological adaptation that also results in an earlier flowering period (see Table 1). It can further be identified by its relatively lax, delicate, few-leaved rosettes with oblong, oblong-spatulate or more rarely spatulate leaves, the presence of uniformly-sized glandular trichomes from base to apex of the scapes, and by the long and broad ovate to oblong-ovate sepals (2–6 × 0.8–2 mm). In contrast, the four perennially growing members of this complex bloom during the drier months, when D. montana is usually absent above ground. This contrasting seasonal behavior is particularly evident in mixed populations of D. montana and D. tomentosa at the Serra do Ibitipoca and along the Espinhaço Range in Minas Gerais state: when the former is in bloom, the latter is sterile (wet season), and when the latter is in bloom, the former is dormant (dry season).

As a result of this ephemeral growth of the vegetative parts, D. montana does not form any stems with age, nor do columns of leaves accumulate beneath the live rosettes. Hence, rosettes are fewer-leaved and appear more lax in habit than those of the other species of the complex. The leaves of D. montana are also of a thinner texture and more delicate (appearing more membranous when dried), similar to those of D. hirtella and D. cayennensis , which share the same growth habit and similar habitats. Curiously, when a mature or spent flower scape of any of these three summerdormant taxa is pulled, it usually results in the rosette breaking away with the scape, leaving the roots firmly in place. When the same act is performed with the more robust perennially growing D. tomentosa and D. tentaculata , the rosette is usually left behind together with the roots.

Drosera montana is the most geographically widespread and ecologically flexible species of the complex. Hence, it is no surprise that it also displays more morphological variation, especially in leaf shape, and petiole length plus width. Much of the observed morphological variation is apparently not ecologically induced by differences in habitats or environmental conditions (e.g., elevation or soil), since plants often remain stable when cultivated under identical conditions. These variations are subtle and more or less continuous, showing a gradual overlap across the range of D. montana , and therefore do not currently constitute sufficient evidence to support a taxonomic separation of D. montana at infraspecific rank. Nevertheless, the notable variation is here recorded as regional morphotypes, similar to the equally variable D. latifolia ( Gonella et al. 2014) :

1. Typical morphotype ( Fig. 4B, D ): leaves oblong to oblong-spatulate, petioles much shorter and distinctly narrower than the lamina (equal to or less than 0.5 mm wide).

The geographical distribution of this morphotype comprises almost the entire range of the species in Brazil, being found from the Serra da Mantiqueira, on the border between São Paulo, Minas Gerais and Rio de Janeiro states (where the locus classicus is situated), south along the Serra do Mar in São Paulo and Paraná, west to the Serra da Canastra region in Minas Gerais, northwest to the Chapada dos Veadeiros in Goiás, as well as north along the Espinhaço Range in Minas Gerais and Bahia states. Plants from the campos rupestres of the Espinhaço Range, Serra da Canastra and Chapada dos Veadeiros tend to have more glabrescent leaves .

2. Southern morphotype ( Fig. 4E ): leaves oblong, with short and broad petioles (up to 1 mm wide), often of width similar to the lamina. The base of the scape more often covered with sparse to dense white eglandular trichomes (usually absent in other morphotypes).

This morphotype is found in the southern range of D. montana , in the Brazilian states of Paraná and Santa Catarina. Robust plants of this morphotype are reminiscent of diminutive D. latifolia , which often occurs sympatrically. However, D. montana can be promptly distinguished from D. latifolia (differences given in parentheses) by the decumbent leaves in a flat rosette (vs. leaves semi-erect), by the presence of a dense glandular indumentum on the basal third of the scape (vs. absent or very sparse), and by the smaller ovoid to ellipsoid seeds, 0.3–0.6 mm long (vs. large fusiform seeds, 0.8–1 mm long).

3. Central-western morphotype ( Fig. 4A, C ): leaves oblong-spatulate to spatulate, long and distinctly narrower petioles compared to the lamina (equal to or less than 0.5 mm wide).

This morphotype is found in Goiás and Distrito Federal in Brazil, and disjunctly in Bolivia.

Herbarium specimens from Bolivia, including previous references of D. villosa for that country ( Schulenberg & Awbrey 1997), are here considered conspecific with D. montana , geographically separated from the nearest known Brazilian collections of D. montana in Goiás state by a distance of over 1500 km.

The isotype of D. communis var. pauciflora was examined and, in accordance with Correa & Silva (2005), this taxon is considered conspecific with D. montana due to the oblong-spatulate leaves with short petioles, the erect base of the scape, the large and broad sepals, and the flowering period (January).

Specimens examined: — BOLIVIA. Tarija: Prov. José María Avilés, cerca Pinos , 19 January 1986, Bastian 455 ( LPB, M) ; 04 February 1999, Beck et al. 26900 ( LPB) ; road from San Andrés to San Pedro , 05 March 2000, Wood 15942 ( LPB) . Prov. Cercado, Valle de San Andrés , 07 February 1987, Ehrich 379 ( LPB) . Prov. Burdet O’Connor, Camino Papachacra quebrada Tambo , 18 February 2006, Zenteno & Quevas 3859 ( LPB, M) . Chuquisaca: Prov. Sud Cinti, Cerro Bufete , 16 May 1995, Holst, Arroyo & Serrano 4700 ( USZ) ; Puca Pampa, en la parte NW del Río Alborniyoj , 12 February 2004, Gutiérrez et al. 571 ( MO, NY) . Prov. Belisario Boeto, aproximadamente 25 km de Villa Serrano en Nuevo Mundo , 02 March 2006, Wood et al. 22356 ( LPB) . Santa Cruz: Prov. Florida, ca. 165 km hacia Cochabamba , 24 March 1981, Beck 6842 ( LPB) ; Samaipata, Alrededor de El Fuerte , 03 May 1994, Ibisch 35 Pl 38 ( LPB) . Prov. Vallegrande , 5 km al este de Santa Rosita, 28 February 1995, Vargas 3723 ( NY) . La Paz: Prov. Franz Tamayo, Apolo to Salinas trail, near Salinas , 05 April 1977, Boeke 1456 ( LPB, NY) ; Parque Nacional-ANMI Madidi , 17 April 2003, Miranda et al. 721 ( LPB, MO) . Prov. Nor Yungas, ca. 4 km al Sur de Coroico , 05 March 1989, Beck 14865 ( LPB) ; Milluguayo, December 1917, Buchtien s.n. ( US). Prov. Sud Yungas , 1 km al W de Yanacachi, 30 May 1987, Seidel 985 ( LPB) ; 1988, Richter s.n. ( LPB, M) . Without attribution to administrative area, Yungas, 1890, Bang 337 ( B, M, MO, NY, US). Without further location data, without date, Britton & Rusby 337 ( NY) . BRAZIL. Bahia: Município de Abaíra, Campo de Ouro Fino , 19 January 1992, Hind & Queiroz 50900 ( SPF) , 15 February 1992, Harley et al. 52073 ( SPF) , 25 February 1992, Laessoe & Sano 52326a ( SPF) , 16 March 1992, Laessoe & Silva 52556 ( SPF) , 23 March 1992, Laessoe & Silva 53328 ( SPF) ; cachoeira das Anáguas, 24 February 1992, Stannard et al. 51557 ( SPF) ; Tijuquinho , 04 March 1992, Sano & Laessoe 50870 ( SPF) ; Catolés , 29 July 1995, Rivadavia & Ganev 493 ( SPF) ; Catolés, trilha para o Pico do Barbado e Campo da Mutuca , 28 April 2010, Gonella & Fleischmann 326 ( SPF) ; Serra do Barbado , 14 July 2005, Rivadavia et al. 2015 ( SPF) . Município de Barra da Estiva, Serra do Ouro , March 1980, Pinto 8920 ( ALCB) ; S de Barra da Estiva , 22 November 1992, Arbo et al. 5681 ( SPF) , 22 July 2005, Rivadavia et al. 2094 ( SPF) ; ~ 8km ao norte de Barra da Estiva, 10 July 2005, Rivadavia et al. 1973 ( SPF) ; Estrada Ituaçu-Barra da Estiva, antes de Barra da Estiva , 18 July 1981, Giulietti et al. 1247 ( SPF) . Município de Palmeiras , trilha para a cachoeira da Fumaça, 20 July 2005, Rivadavia et al. 2079 ( SPF) . Goiás: Município de Alto Paraíso de Goiás, Chapada dos Veadeiros, estrada Alto Paraíso-Teresina de Goiás , 19 March 1997, Rivadavia 658 ( SPF) , 24 June 2007, Rivadavia & Batista 2627 ( SPF) ; estrada Alto Paraíso-São Jorge , 20 March 1997, Rivadavia & Araújo 665 ( SPF) , 24 June 2007, Rivadavia & Batista 2630 ( SPF) ; Parque Nacional da Chapada dos Veadeiros , 26 February 2014, Gonella & Andrino 665 ( SPF) . Município de Cavalcante, Parque Nacional da Chapada dos Veadeiros , estrada Alto Paraíso-Teresina de Goiás , 26 February 2014, Gonella & Andrino 660 ( SPF) , Gonella & Andrino 662 ( SPF) . Município de Corumbá de Goiás, salto do Corumbá , 21 March 1997, Rivadavia 667 ( SPF) ; oeste da cachoeira do Corumbá , 01 July 2007, Rivadavia & Batista 2666 ( SPF) . Município de Cristalina , a 20 km da cidade, 29 April 1999, Rivadavia & Sato 936 ( SPF) . Município de Mossâmedes, Reserva Biológica da Serra Dourada , 01 May 1999, Rivadavia & Sato 995 ( SPF) . Município de Pirenópolis, próximo aos Três Picos , 23 April 1999, Rivadavia & Sato 925 ( SPF) . Distrito Federal: Município de Brasília, Fundação Zoobotânica , 20 February 1961, Heringer 7966 ( UB) (mixed collection with D. hirtella var. hirtella ) ; Setor Industrial , 19 March 1966, Irwin et al. 14116 ( NY) ; Chapada da Contagem , 31 January 1980, Kirkbride 1055 ( UB) ; Reserva Ecológica do Guará , 28 December 1993, Silva 2172 ( CEN) ; saída do Setor Habitacional Norte , 18 March 1997, Rivadavia 639 ( SPF) , 05 January 2001, Rivadavia 1225 ( SPF) ; Fazenda Sucupira , 2 February 2007, Vale et al. 294 ( CEN, UB) ; BR-020 para Formosa , 29 June 2007, Rivadavia & Batista 2637 ( SPF) ; Fazenda Água Limpa , 14 March 2009, Meneguzzo et al. 85 ( UB) , Meneguzzo et al. 86 ( UB) ; Sobradinho, beira de estrada no lado do Parque Nacional de Brasília , 10 April 2010, Meneguzzo 575 ( UB) (mixed collection with D. hirtella ) ; Jardim Botânico, cerro Cristo Redentor , 14 May 2012, Carvalho-Silva et al. 1641 ( UB, MA) . Minas Gerais: Município de Alto Caparaó, Parque Nacional do Caparaó , 03 March 1991, Leoni 1453 ( R) ; Pico da Bandeira , 19 February 1996, Rivadavia et al. 524 ( SPF) . Município de Araxá , km 584 da BR262, 04 August 2002, Rivadavia 1405 ( SPF) . Município de Belo Horizonte, Serra Taquaril , 23 March 1933, Mello-Barreto 2438 ( BHCB) , 31 March 1933, Mello-Barreto 2440 ( BHCB) ; Carlos Torres , 10 May 1935, Mello-Barreto 4553 ( BHCB) . Município de Brumadinho, Serra da Calçada , without date, without collector 204 ( SPF) ; Retiro das Pedras , 19 March 2002, Viana 616 ( BHCB) . Município de Carangola, Serra da Grama , 20 April 1935, Kuhlmann 5068 ( VIC) . Município de Carrancas, estrada Itutinga-Carrancas , 09 June 2007, Rivadavia et al. 2592 ( SPF) . Município de Congonhas do Norte, Serra Talhada , 24 April 1982, Furlan et al. CFSC 8473 ( SP) . Município de Datas , arredores da cidade, 23 February 1982, Cordeiro & Simonis 4065 ( SPF) . Município de Diamantina, road to Mendanha , 28 January 1969, Irwin et al. 22761 ( NY, UB) ; ao leste da cidade, 23 February 1992, Rivadavia 71 ( SPF) ; rodovia Diamantina – Araçuaí , 14 April 1995, Kirizawa & Watanabe 2986 ( SP) (mixed collection with D. hirtella var. hirtella ) ; estrada para Tapetes Arraiolos , 02 March 1997, Rivadavia et al. 594 ( SPF) ; ao sul da cidade, 24 July 2008, Gonella et al. 166 ( SPF) , 24 July 2008, Albuquerque et al. 2 ( UB) , 20 April 2010, Gonella et al. 276 ( SPF) ; estrada para Milho Verde , 14 February 2011, Gonella et al. 404 ( SPF) ; Parque Nacional das Sempre Vivas, 08 March 2013, Gonella et al. 608 ( SPF) . Município de Itabirito, Gandarela , 17 July 1972, Emygdio 3450 ( R) ; Itabirito, Pico do Itabirito , 50 km SE of BH, 11 February 1968, Irwin et al. 19817 ( UB) , Irwin et al. 19983 ( NY) , 18 January 1994, Teixera s.n. ( BHCB) . Município de Itamonte, Parque Nacional de Itatiaia , 19 November 2005, Rivadavia et al. 2130 ( SPF) , 19 November 2005, Rivadavia et al. 2132 ( SPF) . Município de Jaboticatubas, km 128 da rodovia Lagoa Santa-Conceição do Mato Dentro , 20 August 1972, Joly & Semir CFSC 3011 ( SP) ; km 138-9 da rodovia Lagoa Santa-Conceição do Mato Dentro , 8 September 1972, Joly & Müller CFSC 3434 ( SP) ; km 142 da rodovia Lagoa Santa-Conceição do Mato Dentro , 22 August 1972, Joly & Semir CFSC 3166 ( SP) ; Serra do Cipó, Fazenda Serra do Cipó , 27 February 1992, Rivadavia 103 ( SPF) , 24 February 1996, Rivadavia & Mullins 543 ( SPF) ; Serra do Cipó , trilha para o mirante, 06 July 1995, Rivadavia 446 ( SPF) . Município de Joaquim Felício, Serra do Cabral , 06 March 1997, Rivadavia 616 ( SPF) , 21 April 2010, Gonella et al. 284 ( SPF) . Município de Lagoa Santa , November 1915, Hoehne 6459 ( R) . Município de Lavras Novas , 25 January 1986, Wagner et al. 41592 ( SPF) . Município de Lima Duarte, Parque Estadual Florestal da Serra de Ibitipoca , 25 February 1977, Coons 77-276 ( VIC) , 08 October 1987, Andrade & Renato 1049 ( BHCB) , 06 February 1989, Souza & Krieger 24296 ( R) , 29 October 1995, Rivadavia & Padovese 504 ( SPF) , 23 November 2001, Rivadavia 1321 ( SPF) , 24 November 2001, Rivadavia 1330 ( SPF) , 26 February 2005, Rivadavia 1953 ( SPF) , 25 January 2010, Ferrero et al. 1 ( SPF) , 15 December 2010, Gonella et al. 361 ( SPF) . Município de Moeda, Serra da Moeda , 04 August 1987, Andrade et al. 217 ( BHCB) , 12 March 2002, Rivadavia 1338 ( SPF) , 26 April 2002, Rivadavia 1348 ( SPF) , 08 March 2007, Batista 1989 ( BHCB) . Município de Nova Lima, Morro do Chapéu , 23 February 1982, Grandi 872 ( BHCB) , 18 March 1983, Andrade & TSMG 1350 ( BHCB) . Município de Ouro Branco, Serra de Ouro Branco , 15 April 1988, Grandi 17887 ( BHCB) . Município de Ouro Preto, 1888, Bello 216 (mixed collection with D. communis ) ( R) ; cachoeira das Andorinhas, 06 March 1982, Grandi 903 ( BHCB) ; caminho para Lavras Novas , 25 January 1986, Kirizawa 1579 ( SP) ; Itacolomi , 12 May 1998, Stehmann & Mota 2347 ( BHCB) ; Serra de Lavras Novas , 05 May 1974, Badini 23250 ( OUPR) , 11 May 1974, Badini 21562 ( OUPR) (mixed collection with D. tomentosa ) . Município de Patrocínio, Morro das Pedras , 28 January 1970, Irwin et al. 25487 ( NY, UB) . Município de Presidente Kubitschek, estrada para Datas , 27 February 1997, Rivadavia & Pinheiro 569 ( SPF) . Município de Santa Bárbara, Serra do Caraça , January 1825, Riedel 1463 ( P; type of D. communis var. pauciflora ), 01 May 1980, Tales & Telma 85 ( BHCB) ; Parque Natural do Caraça , 06 March 1992, Rivadavia 127 ( SPF) , 16 January 1994, Souza et al.13810 ( SPF) , 01 July1995, Rivadavia 432 ( SPF) , 10 April 2011, Gonella & Siniscalchi 418 ( SPF) . Município de Santana do Riacho, Serra do Cipó , km 120, 14 February 1968, Irwin et al. 20033 ( NY, UB) ; Serra do Cipó , 17 March 1969, Saddi et al. 1125 ( RFA) ; distrito da Lapinha, 01 January 2005, Rivadavia 1946 ( SPF) ; inicio da trilha para as Vellozias Gigantes , 15 May 2008, Gonella et al. 74 ( SPF) ; km 112-113 da MG-10, 15 May 2008, Gonella et al. 94 ( SPF) , 19 April 2010, Gonella et al. 263 ( SPF) . Município de São Gonçalo do Rio Preto, Parque Estadual do Rio Preto, na base do Morro Redondo , 06 February 2009, Gonella & Viana 212 ( SPF) ; trilha para Morro Redondo , 06 February 2009, Gonella & Viana 213 ( SPF) . Município de São Roque de Minas, Parque Nacional da Serra da Canastra, 01 April 1999, Rivadavia & Peixoto 867 ( SPF) , 01 April 1999, Rivadavia & Peixoto 872 ( SPF) , 02 April 1999, Rivadavia & Peixoto 877 ( SPF) , 02 April 1999, Rivadavia & Peixoto 879 ( SPF) , 04 Apr 1999, Rivadavia & Peixoto 895 ( SPF) . Município de São Tomé das Letras , ao norte da cidade, 20 April 1992, Rivadavia 137 ( SPF) . Município de Tiradentes, Serra de São José , 08 June 2007, Rivadavia et al. 2585 ( SPF) . Without attribution to administrative area: Campos alpinos da Serra do Cipó, 16 January 1951, Andrade-Lima 51-867 ( IPA) ; Serra do Cipó, summit of Serra do Cipó , 07 August 1960, Maguire 49071 ( NY) ; Serra Itabira do Campo , 12 September 1887, Schwacke 5898 ( R) ; Serra do Papagayo, March , Saint-Hilaire D 542 ( P; type) . Without location data: 23 June 1980, Menezes et al. 6386 ( SPF) . Rio de Janeiro: Without attribution of administrative area: Parque Nacional de Itatiaia , 12 March 1947, Occhioni 949 ( RFA) ; Serra de Itatiaia , February 1894, Ule 48 ( R) , 20 April 1959, Peres 54 ( R) , 16 October 1971, Andrade 32 ( R) ; S. Itatiaia , planalto, 07 January 1947, Aparicio & Edmundo 885 ( R) ; Serra de Itatiaia , base das Agulhas Negras, November 1950, Leritz s.n. ( R) ; Serra de Itatiaia , encosta da Macieira, 07 June 1956, Leritz 64 ( R) ; Serra de Itatiaia , 20 April 1957, Emygdio 1435 ( R) . São Paulo: Município de Campos de Cunha, Serra da Bocaina , 22 October 2002, Rivadavia & Morais 1421 ( SPF) . Município de Campos do Jordão , 20 November 1937, Porto 3226 ( R, UB) ; Parque Estadual , 26 May 1977, Trinta et al. 3328 ( R) ; caminho do Pico do Itapeva , 17 November 1991, Rivadavia 25 ( SPF) , 10 October 1999, Rivadavia et al. 1183 ( SPF) ; Recanto São Cristóvão , 22 January 1992, Rivadavia 57 ( SPF) ; perto do Recanto São Cristóvão , 10 October 1999, Rivadavia et al. 1180 ( SPF) ; Estrada São Paulo-Campos do Jordão , 20 February 1937, Porto 3226 ( R) . Município de Pedregulho, Parque Estadual Furnas do Bom Jesus , 11 March 2006, Rivadavia 2183 ( SPF) . Município de São José do Barreiro, Serra da Bocaina , March 1951, Segadas-Vianna 3310 ( R) 22 January 1998, Freitas & Sazima 128 ( SPF) , 22 October 2002, Rivadavia & Morais 1413 ( SPF) , 22 October 2002, Rivadavia & Morais 1418 ( SPF) , 22 October 2002, Rivadavia & Morais 1419 ( SPF) . Município de São Paulo, Vila Ema , December 1932, Brade 12218 ( R) . Serra da Bocaina , without attribution to administrative area: March 1951, Segadas-Vianna 2693 ( R) ; Fazenda Bonito , 05 February 1917, Lutz & Lutz 1181 ( R) ; Morro do Corisco , 30 April 1951, Brade 20810 ( R) ; source or Paraíba River , March 1951, Segadas-Vianna 2693 ( R) ; trilha para cachoeira de Santo Izidro, 11 June 1999, Pinheiro 100 ( SPF) ; trilha para Fazenda Barreiro , 12 June 1999, Pinheiro 101 ( SPF) ; Fazenda Barreiro , 13 June 1999, Pinheiro 102 ( SPF) . Paraná: Município de Balsa Nova, divisa entre os municípios de Balsa Nova e Palmeira , Rio dos Papagaios, 12 October 2010, Alves 3 ( SPF) ; estrada que dá acesso ao Morro do Cristo , 07 October 2012, Alves 27 ( SPF) ; Serra do Purunã , 07 October 2012, Alves 28 ( SPF) , 07 October 2012, Alves 29 ( SPF) . Município de Campo Largo, Fazenda São José , 02 October 2011, Alves 13 ( SPF) , 02 October 2011, Alves 16 ( SPF) 02 October 2011, Alves 17 ( SPF) . Município de Palmeira, fazenda Padre Inácio , 31 October 1968, Hatschbach 20152 ( MBM) ; Rio dos Papagaios, 21 April 1995, Rivadavia et al. 398 ( SPF) . Município de São José dos Pinhais, Rio Pequeno , 20 October 1994, Ribas & Deodato 683 ( SPF) , 18 October 1998, Ribas 2742 ( SPF) ; km 54 da rodovia BR-277, 12 September 2004, Rivadavia 1867 ( SPF) . Santa Catarina : Município de Campo Alegre, Morro Iquererim , 08 November 1956, Smith & Klein 7401 ( R) ; Serra do Iquererim , 10 January 1992, Ribas & Guimarães 441 ( MBM) ; Rancho Queimado, Chapadão Serra Boa Vista , 27 April 2007, Rivadavia 2508 ( SPF) .

Figures

FIGURE 2. Distribution map of D. montana in Bolivia (departments: BNI = Beni, CHQ = Chuquisaca, CBB = Cochabamba, LPZ = La Paz, ORU = Oruro, PND = Pando, PSI = Potosi, SCZ = Santa Cruz, TJA = Tarija).

FIGURE 4. Drosera montana. A, habitat, in white clayey soil (blackened after a recent fire), at Chapada dos Veadeiros, Goiás (centralwestern morphotype). B, habitat, in red clayey soil at São Gonçalo do Rio Preto, Minas Gerais (type morphotype). C, habit of the centralwestern morphotype, at Brasília, Distrito Federal. D, habit of the typical morphotype, with young flower scape densely glandular-pilose, at the Itatiaia National Park, Rio de Janeiro. E, detail of the base of the scape of the southern morphotype, presenting a dense indumentum of white eglandular trichomes at the base, near Curitiba, Paraná. F, flower, at the Serra do Quiriri, Santa Catarina. G, flower, cultivated specimen from the Chapada dos Veadeiros, Goiás. A, E by F. Rivadavia; B, D by P.M. Gonella; C by Henrique Moreira; F, G by Carlos Rohrbacher.