Ariadna bicolor ( Hentz, 1842 )

Giroti, André Marsola & Brescovit, Antonio Domingos, 2018, The taxonomy of the American Ariadna Audouin (Araneae: Synspermiata: Segestriidae), Zootaxa 4400 (1), pp. 1-114 : 16-19

Ariadna bicolor ( Hentz, 1842)

Figures 12‒13 , 67

Pylarus bicolor Hentz, 1842: 225 , pl. 8, figs 3‒4 (♂ ♀ syntypes from north Alabama, USA, lost, according to Beatty, 1970: 458).

Pylarus pumilus Hentz, 1842: 226 , pl. 8, fig. 5 (Immature holotype from North Carolina and north Alabama, lost, according to Beatty, 1970: 458). — Emerton (1875: 22, Syn.).

Ariadna pallida C. L. Koch, 1843: 90 , pl. 350, fig. 817 (♀ holotype from Pennsylvania, USA, unknown depository, not examined).‒ Simon (1893a: 322, Syn.).— Petrunkevitch (1911: 131).— Beatty (1970: 459).

Pylaris bicolor — Emerton (1875: 21).

Ariadne rubella Keyserling, 1877: 229 (♀ holotype from New Orleans [29°58'N; 90°03'W], Louisiana, USA, E. Keyserling leg., deposited in NHM 907.1.480, examined).— Banks (1901: 188, Syn.).

Ariadna bicolor — Emerton (1876: 131; 1890: 201, pl. 8, fig. 3; 1902: 23, figs 73‒74).— Simon (1907: 263, fig. 5).— Kaston (1948: 63, figs 11‒16).— Beatty (1970: 458, figs 38, 42‒43).—Platnick et al. (2012: 8, figs 36‒45).— World Spider Catalog (2018).

Ariadna pennsylvanica Simon, 1892: 556 (lapsus for A. pallida ).— Beatty (1970: 458, Nomen nudum, Syn. with A. pallida ).

Ariadna mexicana Banks, 1898: 212 (♀ holotype from La Chuparosa [23°34'N; 110°00'W], Baja California, Mexico, N. Banks leg., deposited in MCZ 22044, examined). — Beatty (1970: 458, Syn.).

Ariadna pragmatica Chamberlin, 1924: 606 (♀ holotype from Tepoca Bay [30°15'N; 112°49'W], Sonora, Mexico, 25.IV.1921, J.C. Chamberlin leg., deposited in CAS 1389, examined).— Beatty (1970: 463).— World Spider Catalog (2018).— NEW SYNONYMY.

Ariadna philosopha Chamberlin, 1924: 606 (♀ holotype from Isla Partida [24°33'45"N; 110°22'42"W], La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico, 22.IV.1921, J.C. Chamberlin leg., deposited in CAS 1390, examined; Paratypes: 3 immatures, same data, deposited in CAS 9039597, examined).— Beatty (1970: 458, Syn.).

Ariadna scholastica Chamberlin, 1924: 607 (♀ holotype from Patos Island [29°16'14"S; 112°27'16"W], Gulf of California, Mexico, 25.IV.1921, J.C. Chamberlin leg., deposited in CAS 1391, examined).— Beatty (1970: 463, Syn. with A. pragmatica ).— NEW SYNONYMY.

Synonymy. Chamberlin (1924) describes A. pragmatica and A. scholastica , distinguishing them based on the distance between the posterior median and lateral eyes presented by the holotypes. After the types examination, this character does not appear to be diagnostic, relatively to others related to the leg macrosetae pattern and the female internal genitalia. Therefore, A. pragmatica and A. scholastica are here proposed as junior synonyms of A. bicolor .

Additional material examined. USA: Massachusetts State: Plymouth County: Wareham [41°45'45"N; 70°43'20"W], 1♀, 20.VI.1961, B.J. Kaston leg. ( USNM) ; Bristol County: SE of New Bedford [41°27'04"N; 70°55'20"W], in Buzzard Bay , Penekese Island , off stone wall, 3♀ 1imm., 7.VIII.1923, R. E.C. leg. ( USNM) ; Nantucket County: Coatue Penninsula [41°18'48"N; 70°03'16"W], 1♀ 2imm., 19.XI.1976, J. Coddington leg. ( USNM) ; Connecticut State: New Haven County: Guilford [41°17'N; 72°41'W], Yale Biological Station , 1♀, 5.IV.1975, J. Coddington leg. ( USNM) ; Guilford, Leete's Island [41°16'58"N; 72°40'55"W], 1♀, 12.IX.1927, B.J. Kaston leg. ( USNM) ; Branford [41°16'40"N; 72°47'59"W], 1♀, 22.V.1936, B.J. Kaston leg. ( USNM) ; California State: Los Angeles County: Santa Catalina Island [33°23'N; 118°25'W], 1♀, 27.V.1921, J.C. Chamberlin leg. ( CAS 9039605 ) ; Missouri State: Newton County: Neosho [36°51'20"N; 94°22'35"W], 1♀, 31.III.1963, W. Peck leg. ( CAS 9039616 ) ; Newtonia [36°52'43"N; 94°10'58"W], 3♀, 30.V.1962, W. Peck leg. ( CAS 9039601 ) ; Ozark County: 1mi SO. Zanoni Mill , 1♀ 1imm., 16. X.1 983, W. Peck leg. ( CAS 9039614 ) ; West Virginia State: Monongalia County: Morgantown [39°40'50"; 79°46'49"W], WV Universtity Forest , Chestnut Ridge , 1♂, 22‒30.V.1989, D.T. Jennings leg. ( USNM) ; 2♂, 30.V‒5.VI.1989 ( USNM) ; 2♀, 19‒26.VI.1989 ( USNM) ; 1♀, 26.VI‒3.VII.1989 ( USNM) ; Virginia State: Fairfax County: MacLean , C. & O. Canal near Herzog Island [38°58'31"N; 77°12'47"W], 1♂, 18.X.1935, E.A. Chapin leg. ( USNM) ; Falls Church [38°52'56"N; 77°10'16"W], 1♂ 1imm., Banks leg. ( MNHNP-AR 7048 ) ; same locality, 1♀, 22.II.1935 ( USNM) ; Rockbridge County: without specific locality, 1♂, 18. VI.1926, Barrows leg. ( USNM) ; Maryland State: Montgomery County: Takoma Park [38°58'48"N; 77°00'08"W], 2♀, 9.V.1943, E.S. Ross leg. ( CAS 9039506 ) ; Rockville [39°05'01"N; 77°08'54"W], 1♂, 23.V.1991, W.E. Steinerd & J.M. Swearingen leg. ( USNM) ; Chesapeake Bay [36°59'45"N; 75°57'34"W], 1♂, 16.IX.1912 ( USNM) ; Prince George's County: Hyattsville [38°57'25"N; 76°57'05"W], in a house, 1♂, 21.IX.1990, G. Hormiga leg. ( USNM) ; District of Columbia: Washington D. C. [38°53'42"N; 77°02'11"W], 1♂, 9.IX.1969, Dr. J. Stuart leg. ( USNM) ; 2♂ 2imm. ( USNM) ; Arizona State: Coconino County: 3mi. NE. Sedona, Oak Creek Canyon [34°54'45"N; 111°43'37"W], 1♀, 17.XI.1988, C.P. Kistensen leg. ( CAS 9039608 ) ; Pima County: Tucson [32°13'18"N; 110°55'35"W], Ajo Way in Tucson Mts. , saguaro palo verde desert, 2♀, 1.VIII.1988, D. Richman leg. ( USNM) ; New Mexico State: Otero County: Mountain Park [32°57'02"N; 105°49'29"W], 1♀, 26.VIII.1960, E.S. Ross leg. ( CAS 9039525 ) ; Texas State: Willianson County: 3 mi S. of Taylor off highway Tex. 95 [30°34'21"N; 97°25'00"W], 2♀, 27.IV.1960, D. Campbell & P.R. Craig leg. ( CAS 9039533 ) ; Travis County: Austin [30°15'N; 97°45'W], 1♀, 1‒10.VIII.1945, D.L.F. & H.E.F. leg. ( CAS 9039609 ) ; Bastrop County: 2 mi W. Cedar Crk. [30°05'11"N; 97°30'05"W], 1♀, 16.I.1969, B. Vogel leg. ( USNM) ; Cameron County: Brownsville [25°55'49''N; 97°29'04''W], Palm Groove , 1♀, 28.IX.1942, W.S. Ross leg. ( CAS 9039558 ) ; Arkansas State: Washington County: Fayetteville [36°04'35"N; 94°09'39"W], 1♀, V.1968, Lowarren leg. ( CAS 9039613 ) ; Louisiana State: New Orleans [29°58'N; 90°03'W], 1♀, 30.I.1942, E.S. Ross leg. ( CAS 9039522 ) ; Alabama State: Cleburne County: Cheaha State Park (33°29'N; 85°49'W), 1♀, VII.1984 ( USNM) ; Georgia State: Chatahoochee County: Cusseta [32°18'20"N; 84°46'37"W], 1♀, 10.IV.1960, D. Campbell & P.R. Craig leg. ( CAS 9039549 ) ; North Carolina, Colorado, Louisiana States : without specific locality and date, 2♂ 45♀ 13imm., Morr leg. ( MNHNP-AR 7043 ) ; Without specific information: North America , 1♀ ( NHM 90.7.1.481 ) ; Washington, 1♀ ( NHM 90.7.1.482 ) ; MEXICO: Baja California del Norte State: Ensenada , Isla Cedros [28°10'58"N; 115°13'04"W], 1♀, 22.II.1945, B. F.O. Tafall leg. ( AMNH) ; Baja California del Sur State: Sierra Laguna [23°34'N; 110°00'W], 17 air mi. ENE Todos Santos 6000', 2♀ 5imm., 12‒18.XII.1979, C.E. Griswold leg. ( CAS 9039538 ) ; Isla San Diego [25°12'01"N; 110°41'53"W], 1♀, 27.V.1921, J.C. Chamberlin leg. ( CAS 9039615 ) ; Isla San Francisco , E. part [24°50'N; 110°35'W], 1♀, 27.III.1971, V.F. Lee leg. ( CAS 9 039519) .

Diagnosis. Ariadna bicolor is similar to A. pilifera , A. comata and A. weaveri due to the morphology of the palp ( Figs 13A‒B , 28A‒B , 42A‒B ) and macrosetae pattern of the tibia II of females, but differ by the presence of males with the metatarsi I with two lateral conical apophyses, one on each side, bearing no macrosetae ( Fig. 12C‒E ) and females presenting the dorsal lobe longer than the ventral lobe ( Fig. 13C‒D ).

Description. Male (Rockville—USNM). Carapace and chelicerae brownish orange ( Fig. 12A ). Endites orange; labium dark orange. Sternum orange with darker margins, and three pairs of dark marginal areas ( Fig. 12B ). Palps light brownish orange ( Fig. 13A‒B ). Legs brownish orange with pairs I‒II darker ( Fig. 12C‒E ). Abdomen grey dorsal and ventrally, lighter laterally ( Fig. 12A‒B ). Total length 5.6; carapace 2.88 long, 2.08 wide. Chelicerae not projected ( Fig. 12A ). Palps: tibia slightly incrassated, with the dorso-ventral diameter about the same as half of the bulb, sometimes with a prolateral macrosetae; bulb sub-rectangular, mid-portion and embolus of almost equal lengths; embolus tubular, curved and tapered ( Fig. 13A‒B ). Legs: robust and sparsely coated with setae ( Fig. 12C‒E ); tibia I with the one distal ventro-retrolateral macrosetae lanceolated ( Fig. 12D ); tarsal brush of putative chemosensory setae present on legs I‒IV, but reduced in pair I. Leg formula: I-II-IV-III. Leg measurements: I, femur 2.96, patella 1.0, tibia 2.52, metatarsus 2.28, tarsus 0.88, total 9.64; II, 2.84, 1.0, 2.56, 2.4, 0.72, 9.52; III, 2.12, 0.88, 1.6, 1.72, 0.64, 6.96; IV, 2.6, 1.04, 2.08, 1.92, 0.64, 8.28. Macrosetae: I, femur D0-0-0-1/ 0-0-2-0, P0-0-0-0-2/1-1-0; tibia P1-0-1-0-1-0-1-0, vp1-0-1-0-0-0, vr1-1-0-1-0-1-0-1(lanceolated/apophysis), R1-0- 1-0-1-0-1-0; metatarsus P0-0-1-0-0-0-0, vp1-0-0-1-0-0-1, vr0-0-0-1-0-0-1 ( Fig. 12C‒E ); II, femur D0-1-1-1-0-1-0, P0-0-0-0-0-1-0; tibia P0-1-0-1-0-1-0, vp0-0-0-0-1/0-0-1, vr2-0-1-0-1-0-1, R0-1-0-1-0-1-0; metatarsus P0-1-0-0-0- 0-0, vp1-0-0-1-0-0-1, vr1-0-0-1-0-0-1, R0-1-0-0-1-0-0; IV, femur D0-1-1-1-0-0-0, R0-0-0-0-0-1-0; metatarsus P0- 1/0-0-0-0-1-1, vp0-0-1-0-0-0-1, vr metatarsal comb with 3 setae.

Female (2 mi W. Cedar Crk.—USNM). Carapace and chelicerae dark brownish orange, with the cephalic region and chelicerae darker ( Fig. 12F ). Endites brownish orange; labium dark brownish orange. Sternum brownish orange with darker margins, and three pairs of dark marginal areas ( Fig. 12G ). Palps orange, gradually darkening to distal direction. Legs brownish orange with pairs I‒II darker ( Fig. 12H‒I ). Abdomen as in male ( Fig. 12F‒G ). Total length 10.0; carapace 4.56 long, 2.92 wide. Carapace with wavy margins; cephalic region elevated. Chelicerae as in male ( Fig. 12F ). Legs: robust and densely coated with setae; legs I‒II with ventro-prolateral and ventro-retrolateral tibial macrosetae of similar size, and metatarsal macrosetae of different size ( Fig. 12H‒I ). Leg formula: I-II-IV-III.

Leg measurements: I, femur 3.12, patella 1.52, tibia 2.32, metatarsus 2.2, tarsus 0.68, total 9.84; II, 2.8, 1.52, 2.4, 2.12, 0.68, 9.52; III, 2.32, 1.28, 1.6, 1.64, 0.6, 7.44; IV, 2.92, 1.56, 2.24, 1.72, 0.64, 9.08. Macrosetae: I, femur P0- 0-0-0-1-0-0/1-0; tibia vp1-0-1-0-1-0-1, vr1-0-1-0-1-0-1; metatarsus vp1-1-1-1-1-1/0-1-1, vr1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1 ( Fig. 12H‒I ); II, femur P0-0-0-0-0/1-1-0-0; tibia vp0-0-0-0-0-1-1, vr1-0-1-0-1-0-1; metatarsus vp1-1-1-1-1-1/0-1-1-1, vr1-1-1-1-0/1-1-1-1; IV, metatarsus vp0-0-0-0-0-0-1, vr metatarsal comb with 3 macrosetae. Internal genitalia: anterior receptaculum with expanded ventral lobe, glandular plate located in the median region of the receptaculum and expanded in the proximal region ( Fig. 13C‒D ).

Variation. Male (n=10): total lenght 5.2‒7.36; carapace 2.8‒3.76 long, 2.0‒2.68 wide; femur I 2.8‒3.96. Female (n=10): total lenght 7.68‒10.48; carapace 3.2‒4.56 long, 2.0‒2.92 wide; femur I 2.24‒3.32

Distribution. Southeast and southwest of USA, and north and northwest of Mexico ( Fig. 67 ).

Figures

FIGURE 12. Ariadna bicolor (Hentz, 1842). Male from Rockville (USNM) (A‒E): Habitus, dorsal (A) and ventral view (B); Left leg I, prolateral view (C) and retrolateral (D), arrowhead = lanceolated macroseta; Left metatarsus I, ventral view (E). Female from 2 mi W. Cedar Crk. (USNM) (F‒I): Habitus, dorsal (F) and ventral view (G); Right leg I, prolateral (H) and retrolateral view (I). Scale bar:1mm.

FIGURE 13. Ariadna bicolor (Hentz, 1842). Male from Hyattsville (USNM) (A‒B): Left palp, prolateral (A) and retrolateral view (B). Female from Sierra Laguna (CAS 9039538) (C‒D): Internal genitalia, lateral view (C); Anterior receptaculum, ventral view (D).

FIGURE 28. Ariadna pilifera O. P.-Cambridge, 1898. Male from Guanajuato (MNHNP-AR 14381) (A‒B): Left palp, prolateral (A) and retrolateral view (B). Female from Mexico (MNHNP-AR 7047) (C‒D): internal genitalia, lateral view (C); Anterior receptaculum, ventral view (D). Scale bar:1mm.

FIGURE 42. Ariadna weaveri Beatty, 1970. Male (Paratype) from Clarion Island (AMNH) (A‒B): Right palp, prolateral (A) and retrolateral view (B). Female (Paratype) from Clarion Island (AMNH): Internal genitalia, lateral view (C); Anterior receptaculum, ventral view (D). Scale bar:1mm.

FIGURE67.Locality of thespecimens of A.bicolor, A.pilifera, A.comata, A.perkinsi and A.weaveri examinedin the present study.