Paramblynotus alveolatus, Liu, Zhiwei, Ronquist, Fredrik & Nordlander, Göran, 2007

Liu, Zhiwei, Ronquist, Fredrik & Nordlander, Göran, 2007, The Cynipoid Genus Paramblynotus: Revision, Phylogeny, And Historical Biogeography (Hymenoptera: Liopteridae), Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2007 (304), pp. 1-151 : 49-50

Paramblynotus alveolatus , new species

FEMALE: Length 10 mm. Head, antennae, mesosoma, and legs black; metasoma brown. Wings ferruginous with marginal cell somewhat darker. 1mt/2–5mt 5 1.62.

Head, in profile, medially not distinctly raised anteriorly. Vertex foveate-reticulate; some foveae fused with each other longitudinally. Median frontal carina simple and present only between antennal sockets and anterior ocellus. Eye laterally not extended beyond outer margin of gena. Upper face including antennal scrobe longitudinally carinate. Lower face entirely foveate-rugose with pubescence. Anterior tentorial pits indistinct. Clypeo-pleurostomal sulcus and epistomal sulcus straight, not forming smoothly curved arch. Clypeus foveate-rugose. Gena finely vertically carinate-foveate and otherwise glabrate foveate-reticulate. Occiput glabrous with setigerous punctures.

Anterior flange of pronotum longitudinally carinate; anterior plate of pronotum glabrate anteriorly and punctate/foveate with pubescence posteriorly. Pronotum dorsomedially distinctly raised, in lateral view distinctly higher than highest point of mesoscu- tum. Pronotal crest prominent and medially without emargination. Lateral pronotal carina distinct, not reaching pronotal crest dorsomedially. Lateral surface of pronotum foveate-reticulate, and also slightly glabrate posteriorly. Dorsal pronotal area complete to end of dorsal posterior margin of pronotum and distinctly transversely carinate; carination fine anteriorly and coarser posteriorly. Mesoscutum foveate-reticulate with foveae set in rows between transverse costae. Scutellar foveae not subdivided by submedian longitudinal carinae. Dorsal surface of mesoscutellum foveate-reticulate; posteriorly raised and projected into a truncate lamella. Mesopleural triangle ventrally not well defined by smoothly curved carina; upper mesopleuron longitudinally carinate; median impression percurrent; speculum with distinct longitudinal carinae; lower mesopleuron densely punctate and pubescent. Metanotalpropodeal complex coarsely foveate-rugose with dense pubescence. Lateral propodeal carina distinct anteriorly and inseparable from the longitudinal carinae posteriorly; median propodeal area areolate-reticulate. Rs+M of forewing arising from basal vein at middle.

Abdominal petiole 0.3 times as long as wide in lateral view. Relative length of T3–8: 2:1:1:3:0.5:0.2; T4–8 densely finely punctate; T8 also with a few slightly larger setigerous punctures. All legs densely punctate with pubescence except metacoxa dorsally glabrous. Metatibia apically with four stout, apically round teeth. 1mt/2–5mt 5 2.0.

MALE: Unknown.

Paramblynotus alveolatus is most similar to P. yangambicolus , but it can be distinguished from the latter by the following characters: head in profile medially not distinctly raised anteriorly; median impression of mesopleuron distinct, not obscured by the extension of the longitudinal carinae of upper pleuron; apical teeth of metatibia stout and apically rounded; 1mt/2–5mt 5 2.0.

TYPE MATERIAL: HOLOTYPE: ♀, Cameroon, 1898–1899, La Conradt coll. ( MNCN).

DISTRIBUTION: Cameroon.

ETYMOLOGY: From Latin, alveus, cavity. The name refers to the alveolate sculpture on dorsal surface of the propleuron, which is characteristic of the yangambicolus group.

TRISETOSUS GROUP

figures 38–44

The species group is endemic to southern Africa and is distributed predominantly in mountainous areas, particularly in the east of the continent.

DIAGNOSTIC CHARACTERS: Body relatively small. Antenna cylindrical, usually enlarged toward apex. Female antenna 12- or 13-segmented with F1 shorter than or equal to F2. Placodes of antennal flagellomeres are as long as the segments, relatively evenly spaced, and roughly parallel with each other. Male antennae 14-segmented with 1st flagellomere sinuate laterally. Antennal scrobes are usually defined by distinct lateral carinae. Median frontal carina usually present but sometimes absent. Eyes moderately protruding, laterally always beyond genae (fig. 38). Occiput glabrous. Submedian depression of pronotum laterally open. Pronotal crest not raised dorsomedially (fig. 39), only occasionally raised into a very small but distinct triangular process. Lateral surfaces of pronotum evenly curved anteroventrally, foveate-reticulate without secondary transverse costae and punctures, and dorsomedially separated or not by an extended, less sculptured anterior area (fig. 39). Lateral pronotal carinae weak, not extended to meet pronotal crest. Mesoscutum strongly convex dorsally, foveate-reticulate or transversely carinate with foveae set in rows (fig. 39). Mesoscutellum strongly sloped posteriorly without a distinct posterior vertical surface and foveate-reticulate dorsally. Scutellar sulcus divided into two foveae by median longitudinal carina, or less frequently, divided into several foveae by several submedian longitudinal carinae. Axillar area distinct, but no conspicuous hair tuft. Mesopleural triangle ventrally well defined by a smoothly curved carina. Upper mesopleural area glabrous or sculptured; speculum usually glabrous but sometimes longitudinally carinate. Median mesopleural impression present with multiple, equally strong vertical carinae. Metepisternum foveate to areolate in upper half, pubescent in lower part, and more often than not with a medial elevated glabrous area (fig. 39). Lateral propodeal carinae percurrent and not raised into strong keel or process; median propodeal carina distinctly percurrent (sometimes indistinct) (fig. 41). Metasoma of female moderately compressed laterally; oval in lateral view and about the same length as head and mesosoma combined. Tergum 6 usually much larger than previous ones dorsally. Tergum 7 of female with posterior margin curved or not dorsolaterally, hence exposing or covering T8 (fig. 44). Sometimes T5 conspicuously expanded dorsally to become larger than T6 dorsally, pushing T6 backward to cover T7 entirely. T6–8 with or without sparse coarse punctures with hairs. Metasomal T5 of male conspicuously enlarged and by far largest among all. Apical teeth of metatibia long and pointed (fig. 42). First metatarsomere without apical protuberance and shorter than the combined length of the mt2–5. First metatarsomere without apical protuberance.