Paramblynotus coxatus, Liu, Zhiwei, Ronquist, Fredrik & Nordlander, Göran, 2007

Liu, Zhiwei, Ronquist, Fredrik & Nordlander, Göran, 2007, The Cynipoid Genus Paramblynotus: Revision, Phylogeny, And Historical Biogeography (Hymenoptera: Liopteridae), Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2007 (304), pp. 1-151 : 58-60

Paramblynotus coxatus , new species

FEMALE: Length 3.6 mm. Body entirely dark brown to black, legs dark brown. Antenna yellow with apical three flagellomeres black. 1mt/2–5mt 5 0.6.

Antenna 13-segmented; flagellum distinctly thicker apically; median flagellomeres slightly constricted toward ends. Vertex foveate reticulate; with only very weak longitudinal carinate component. Eye laterally slightly extended beyond outer margin of gena. Ocellar plate raised and defined laterally by a carina; lateral carina delimiting ocellar plate extended to lower margin of antennal sockets and lined by a row of foveae along interior side; ocellar plate foveatereticulate. Upper face densely punctate and longitudinally rugose laterally; antennal scrobe densely punctate and laterally defined by lateral carina. Median frontal carina present from anterior ocellus and upper fourth of lower face. Lower face roughly foveate-reticulate with pubescence. Anterior tentorial pits distinct. Clypeo-pleurostomal sulcus and epistomal sulcus almost form a rectangle. Clypeus longitudinally carinate and punctate. Gena foveate-reticulate and slightly longitudinally rugose. Occiput glabrous with sparse pubescence.

Anterior flange of pronotum obliquely carinate. Submedian pronotal depressions large, medially partially fused. Anterior plate of pronotum densely punctate with pubescence. Pronotum dorsomedially not distinctly raised; pronotal crest medially not raised into a process. Lateral pronotal carina distinct, not meeting pronotal crest dorsomedially. Lateral surface of pronotum foveate-reticulate. Dorsal pronotal area glabrous; only present to middle of dorsal posterior margin of pronotum and becoming narrower posteriorly; delimited from lateral surface by a distinct carina. Mesoscutum distinctly arched dorsally, foveate-reticulate, foveae set in rows between transverse costae. Scutellar sulcus divided by a single longitudinal median carina. Dorsal surface of mesoscutellum areolate-reticulate and transversely rugose; sloping posteriorly; posterior margin rounded in dorsal view. Mesopleural triangle defined ventrally by smoothly curved carina. Upper mesopleuron, including speculum, glabrous with a few shallow setigerous punctures anteriorly; median longitudinal impression percurrent with evenly spaced transverse carinae. Metepisternum foveatereticulate, nude above, with a small elevated glabrous area medially, and pubescent ventrally. Lateral area of propodeum without pubescence, areolate-reticulate anteriorly, and longitudinally rugose posteriorly; lateral propodeal carina percurrent, distinctly curved medially; median propodeal area foveate-punctate with a percurrent median propodeal carina and a weaker parallel submedian carina on each side crossed by a transverse carina. Rs+M of forewing distinct, arising from posterior two-thirds of basal vein. Marginal cell 2.3 times as long as wide. Bulla on Sc+R 1 absent.

Abdominal petiole 0.5 times as long as wide in lateral view. Relative length of T3–7: 1.6:1.0:1.3:3.0:1.4; T3–5 glabrous; T6 with a row of setigerous punctures; T7 entirely finely punctate with a row of setigerous punctures. T8 completely covered by T7. All legs densely punctate with pubescence except metacoxa dorsally glabrous. Metacoxa prominently expanded anteroventrally into a lobular process. Metatibia apically with four small, thin, apically pointed teeth. 1mt/2–5mt 5 0.62.

MALE: Unknown.

Within the trisetosus group, P. coxatus forms a distinct monophyletic clade, the trisetosus clade, with P. fuscapiculus , rwandensis , trisetosus , zairensis , cameroonensis , kekenboschi , jacksoni , and carinatus . This clade differs from the other species of the trisetosus species group in that (1) upper mesopleuron and speculum glabrous; (2) posterior margin of T7 of female metasoma not emarginate, covering T8 entirely; and (3) metepisternum with a median nude, glabrous area. P. coxatus differs from all other Paramblynotus species by the presence of anteroventral lobular expansion on its metacoxa and a vertical impression along the posterior margin of the lower mesopleuron. Otherwise, this species is very close to P. fuscapiculus .

TYPE MATERIAL: HOLOTYPE: ♀, South Africa: Natal , 1982-I-10–15, J. Londt coll. ( CNCI).

DISTRIBUTION: South Africa: Natal.

ETYMOLOGY: From Latin, coxa, coxa. The name coined for its unique coxa feature of anteroventral lobular expansion.

Paramblynotus fuscapiculus , new species figures 38–44

FEMALE: Length 2.8–4.0 mm. Body entirely black except antennae and legs. Antennae yellow with the apical, sometimes also the subapical flagellomeres, black. Legs yellow. 1mt/2–5mt 5 0.61.

Antenna 13-segmented; flagellum distinctly thicker apically. Vertex foveate-reticulate; with very weak longitudinal carinate compo- nent. Eye laterally slightly extended beyond outer margin of gena. Ocellar plate raised and defined laterally by a carina; lateral carina of ocellar plate meeting median frontal carina above antennal sockets and lined by a row of irregular foveae along interior side; ocellar plate foveate-reticulate; median frontal carina present from anterior ocellus and antennal sockets. Upper face foveate laterally; antennal scrobe densely punctate and laterally defined by lateral carina. Lower face foveate-reticulate with pubescence. Anterior tentorial pits distinct. Clypeo-pleurostomal sulcus and epistomal sulcus almost form a rectangle. Clypeus foveate. Gena foveatereticulate (figs. 38, 40). Occiput glabrous with sparse pubescence (fig. 40).

Anterior flange of pronotum finely obliquely carinate. Anterior plate of pronotum glabrous anteriorly and densely punctate with pubescence posteriorly. Pronotum dorsomedially not distinctly raised; pronotal crest medially not raised into a process. Lateral pronotal carina distinct, almost meeting pronotal crest dorsomedially. Lateral surface of pronotum foveate-reticulate (fig. 39). Dorsal pronotal area glabrous, complete to end of posterior margin of pronotum, but very narrow posteriorly, and separated from lateral surface by a distinct carina throughout. Mesoscutum dorsally distinctly arched, foveate-reticulate, foveae set in rows between transverse costae. Scutellar sulcus divided by three parallel, longitudinal carinae. Dorsal surface of mesoscutellum areolate-reticulate and transversely costate; sloping posteriorly; posterior margin rounded in dorsal view (fig. 41). Mesopleural triangle ventrally well defined by smoothly curved carina and with conspicuous white pubescence. Upper mesopleuron, including speculum glabrous; median longitudinal impression percurrent with evenly spaced transverse carinae. Metepisternum foveate-reticulate and nude above, with a small elevated glabrous area medially, and pubescent ventrally. Propodeum areolate-reticulate; lateral propodeal carina percurrent and strongly curved medially; median propodeal area areolate-reticulate (fig. 41). Rs+M of forewing nebulous, arising from posterior threefifths of basal vein. Marginal cell 2.4 times as long as wide. Bulla on Sc+R 1 absent.

Abdominal petiole 0.3 times as long as wide in lateral view. Relative length of T3–7: 1.6:1.0:1.0:2.0:0.6; T3–4 glabrous; T5 with very finely punctate; T6 entirely finely punctate except anteriorly and with a row of setigerous punctures; T7 entirely punctate with narrow band of pubescence. T8 completely covered by T7 (fig. 44). All legs densely punctate with pubescence except metacoxa dorsally glabrous. Metatibia apically with four small, thin, apically pointed teeth (figs. 42, 43). 1mt/2–5mt 5 0.8.

MALE: Unknown.

Paramblynotus fuscapiculus is very similar to P. coxatus and differs from the latter in (1) metacoxa not expanded anteroventrolly and (2) scutellar sulcus with submedian longitudinal carinae. P. fuscapiculus differs from all other species of the trisetosus clade except P. coxatus by its antennal flagellum of female being distinctly thicker apically and median flagellomeres not constricted toward ends.

TYPE MATERIAL: HOLOTYPE: ♀, South Africa, Cape Province, Alexandria , 1962-II- 22 (Acc. P.E. 857) ( PPRI). PARATYPES: 4♀♀ ( PPRI), collection data as holotype ; 2♀♀, collection data as holotype ( ZMLU-MS) .

ADDITIONAL MATERIAL: 2♀♀, South Africa, Royal Natal National Park , 1971-I- 30, H. and M. Townes coll. ; 2♀♀, South Africa: Pretoria (Transval), 1971-I-9, H. and M. Townes coll. ( AEI) ; 1♀, South Africa, Clarens (28.34S, 28.28E), 1986-I-15–18, J.S. Donaldson coll. ( PPRI) ; 1♀, South Africa, Port St. John , Bondoland , 1923-XI, and 1♀, Zimbabwe, Salisbury (Chishawasha), 1979- IX, A. Watsham coll. ( NHM) .

DISTRIBUTION: South Africa; Zimbabwe: Salisbury.

ETYMOLOGY: From Latin, fuscus, dark, and apex, tip. The name describes the species’ yellow antenna with black apex.