Paramblynotus zonatus Weld, 1956

Liu, Zhiwei, Ronquist, Fredrik & Nordlander, Göran, 2007, The Cynipoid Genus Paramblynotus: Revision, Phylogeny, And Historical Biogeography (Hymenoptera: Liopteridae), Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2007 (304), pp. 1-151 : 84-87

Paramblynotus zonatus Weld, 1956

FEMALE: Length 5.2 mm. Head and pronotum yellow brown; mesonotum black; rest of the body, antenna, and legs brown to dark brown. Forewing with a large macula covering marginal cell, distal third of first submarginal cell and basal third of second submarginal cell a narrow band along interior side of the basal vein; both wings without a wide band along outer margin. 1mt/2–5mt 5 0.73.

MALE: Unknown.

Paramblynotus zonatus is most similar to P. costaricanus , but it is distinguished from the latter by having (1) lateral sides of pronotum foveate-reticulate and gena foveate- to alveolate-reticulate, and (2) mesoscutellum, as of P. braziliensis , posteriorly with a broad, evenly rounded emargination.

MATERIALS EXAMINED: USNM: 1 (T); CNCI: 1.

DISTRIBUTION: United States: Texas.

PUNCTULATUS GROUP

figures 64–83

The punctulatus species group is the most diverse among Paramblynotus groups, and almost all of its members are from the Oriental regions, with only a few exceptions from Papua New Guinea.

Ronquist (1995a) considered the species included in this group to form two possibly monophyletic species groups: the borneanus group and the punctulatus group. Our phylogenetic analysis suggests that they do not form two independent monophyletic groups, and several species cannot be readily placed into either of his groups on the basis of morphology.

DIAGNOSTIC CHARACTERS: Body size medium to relatively large. Antenna filiform, widened toward apex or not. Female antenna usually 13-segmented, occasionally 12-segmented, with F1 distinctly shorter than F2. All flagellomeres have placodes; placodes short, not as long as the segment, and usually densely distributed on each medial to distal segments (figs. 67, 74, 75, 86, 87, 95). Male antenna has 14 segments, F1 cylindrical. Median frontal carina absent or present in lower face, sometimes extended beyond the middle; dorsally sometimes raised between antennal sockets into a lamellate process, which sometimes has a flattened dorsal surface (fig. 64). Occiput glabrous or longitudinally carinate (fig. 73).

Lateral pronotal carinae reaching pronotal crest dorsomedially. Lateral surfaces of pronotum foveate to foveate-reticulate, with or without secondary transverse costae, and medially separated by an extended, less sculptured anterior surface of anterior plate. Pronotal crest not raised (fig. 66) or conspicuously raised dorsomedially into a peak (fig. 76). Mesoscutum predominantly transversely carinate with more or less obvious foveae in between (fig. 76) or entirely foveate-reticulate (fig. 66). Mesoscutellum flat to sloped posteriorly and foveate-reticulate. Scutellar sulcus mostly divided by a single median carina, occasionally divided into more than two foveae by several subequally strong longitudinal carinae ( P. chrysochaites and P. rufipes ). Axillar area usually without conspicuous hair tuft. Upper mesopleuron glabrous. Median mesopleural impression straight, with a few, sometimes reduced vertical carinae (e.g., fig. 66). Metepisternum irregularly alveolate. Dorsoapical teeth of metatibia long and pointed (e.g., fig. 81); apical protuberance of first metatarsomere present (fig. 83) or absent.

Tergum7 of female metasoma with posterior margin usually not curved dorsolaterally, entirely covering T8, or occasionally curved dorsolaterally, distinctly exposing T8 (fig. 53). When T8 of female metasoma is exposed, the pronotum is always raised anterodorsally into a conspicuous peak ( P. chrysochaites and P. rufipes ). Terga 6–7/8 with more or less coarse punctures with hairs. Tergum5 of male metasoma expanded, par- ticularly so ventrally, the largest postpetiolar tergum.