Paramblynotus hainanensis, Liu, Ronquist & Nordlander, 2007

Liu, Zhiwei, Ronquist, Fredrik & Nordlander, Göran, 2007, The Cynipoid Genus Paramblynotus: Revision, Phylogeny, And Historical Biogeography (Hymenoptera: Liopteridae), Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2007 (304), pp. 1-151 : 99-100

Paramblynotus hainanensis , new species

MALE: Length 5.0 mm. Head and metasoma deeply dark brown, metasoma black, and antenna, legs brown, and metasoma ventrally light brown to brown. Forewing with a deep ferruginous macula covering marginal cell and the part of third cubital cell behind marginal cell.

Antenna 14-segmented; flagellum filiform, F1 not sinuated. Vertex foveate-reticulate. Eye prominent and distinctly extended laterally beyond outer margin of gena. Ocellar plate slightly raised, foveate-reticulate, and defined laterally by weak carina lined with a row of foveae along interior side. Median frontal carina raised into a laminate process, which is triangular in lateral view, above antennal sockets, bifurcated to seclude a small, glabrous triangular area beneath anterior ocellus, and reaching to level of lower margin of eye. Upper face foveate laterally; antennal scrobe deeply depressed, mostly densely punctate, foveate posteriorly, and distinctly defined by carina laterally. Gena foveate-reticulate and punctate. Lower face punctate/foevate-reticulate; clypeus densely punctate and longitudinally carinate; clypeo-pleurostomal sulcus and epistomal sulcus form a smoothly curved arch. Anterior tentorial pits small. Lateral occipital carina not reaching posterior part of vertex. Occiput glabrous.

Anterior flange of pronotum finely transversely striate; submedian pronotal depressions separated from each other medially. Anterior plate of pronotum glabrous, densely punctate dorsomedially. Pronotum dorsomedially raised, but lower than mesoscutum; pronotal crest not raised medially. Lateral pronotal carina distinct, reaching pronotal crest dorsomedially. Lateral surface of pronotum foveate-reticulate and punctate. Dorsal pronotal area glabrate, present to middle of posterior margin of pronotum. Mesoscutum strongly arched dorsally and foveatereticulate. Scutellar sulcus divided by a medi- an longitudinal carina. Mesoscutellum foveate-reticulate; posterior margin with a broad emargination in dorsal view; lateral dorsal process distinct. Axillar area without distinct pubescence. Mesopleural triangle pubescent, well defined ventrally by smoothly curved carina. Median mesopleural impression percurrent, transversely costate; upper mesopleuron glabrous except finely punctate anteriorly; lower mesopleuron glabrous, conspicuously depressed along ventral margin, and conspicuously pubescent ventrally. Metepisternum areolate-reticulate in upper part and conspicuously pubescent ventrally. Lateral propodeal carina abruptly curved medially; median propodeal area areolate-reticulate; median longitudinal carina percurrent, crossed by submedian transverse carina. Rs+M of forewing arising from middle of basal vein. Marginal cell 2.4 times as long as wide and slightly longer than submarginal cell. Bulla on Sc+R 1 absent.

Petiole 1.4 times as long as wide in lateral view. Relative length of T3–8: 1.7:1.0:1.1: 1.0:0.8:1.1; T3–4 glabrous; T5–8 densely punctate; T6–8 also with sparse, larger puncture with pubescence. Apical teeth of metatibia long, slender, and pointed apically. 1mt/2–5mt 5 0.65.

FEMALE: Unknown.

Paramblynotus hainanensis is similar to P. annulicornis and the other species of the annulicornis species complex discussed below. It differs from the latter by its entirely brown to dark brown body, antenna with a submedial pale ring, and mesoscutellum with a broad posterior emargination.

TYPE MATERIAL: HOLOTYPE: Oi, China: Hainan, Tien Fong Mt. (as reads in the label, but most probably Tie Feng Mt.), 1983-V-16, Boucek coll. ( USNM). PARATYPE: 1Oi, same data ( USNM).

DISTRIBUTION: Hainan, China.

ETYMOLOGY: This species is named after the type locality.

Paramblynotus annulicornis Cameron, 1910 figures 64–71

Paramblynotus annulicornis Cameron (1910: 132, Oi; Borneo; BMNH HTOi, no. 7.11).

FEMALE: Length 4.0–8.0 mm. Body usually entirely light to dark brown; metasoma of some males nearly black. Antenna 13- segmented and parti-colored with a medial pale ring including distal half of F6, F7, usually F8, and occasionally F9; scape, pedicel, and F1–5 dark brown; flagellomeres beyond the pale ring black. Forewing with a deep ferruginous macula covering marginal cell and the basal part of submarginal cell.

MALE: Length 4.0–5.0 mm. Antenna 14-segmented. Pale ring of antenna usually less extensive than in female, only involves F6–7.

Paramblynotus annulicornis , barbarae , stigi , shimenensis , glaberus , yuani , weiae , eriki , asae , filippae , ebbae , and axelli form a monophyletic clade referred here as the annulicornis species complex. All of these species are distributed in the tropical southern Pacific islands, except P. shimenensis from the subtropical central south of China (also see earlier biogeographical discussion). The species complex is easily distinguished from other species of the genus in that the antenna has a submedial pale ring including F5/6–6/10, contrasting to the rest of flagellum; body mostly yellow and sometimes dark brown; and forewing with a deep ferruginous macula covering marginal cell and basal third of submarginal cell.

Considering the relatively small amount of effective distinguishing features among the species and variations across species of the species complex, it is likely that some of the species names described herein may eventually turn out to be synonymies of the others. Nonetheless, we think that it is advantageous to describe them as we perceive and provide a platform for future taxonomic revision when a greater number of specimens of the complex become available.

MATERIAL EXAMINED: NHM (1T), NNMN (5), ZMLU-MS (2); BPBM (1); AEI (10), ROM (7), USNM (1).

DISTRIBUTION: Indonesia: Kalimantan; Malaysia: Borneo.