Micronecta, Kirkaldy, 1897

Ha, Tuyet Ngan & Tran, Anh Duc, 2021, Taxonomy of Micronectidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Vietnam, with descriptions of 11 new species, European Journal of Taxonomy 756, pp. 1-82 : 9-12

publication ID	https://doi.org/ 10.5852/ejt.2021.756.1407
publication LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:pub:4A60FB62-20D7-4DC9-A4EA-BCE633730111
DOI	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5038109
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039F87AF-247F-FF91-FF0A-F9BEFA97F910
treatment provided by	Felipe
scientific name	Micronecta
status

Treatment

Key to species of Micronecta occurring in Vietnam (applicable to male specimens only)

1. Strigil absent ..................................................................................................................................... 2

– Strigil present .................................................................................................................................... 3

2. Body length 3.0– 3.1 mm; hemelytron translucent or greyish brown, usually with two broken longitudinal dark stripes ( Fig. 5A View Fig ); right paramere slender, distally curved, tapering from distal half towards narrowly rounded apex ( Fig. 6C View Fig ) ................................................... M. grisea ( Fieber, 1844)

– Body length 2.0– 2.4 mm; hemelytron brown with yellowish longitudinal stripes usually fragmented into small dots ( Fig. 5B View Fig ); distal half of right paramere strongly broadened ( Fig. 6G View Fig ) ....................... ........................................................................................................ M. guttatostriata Lundblad, 1933

3. Palar claw subovate with deep lateral incision ( Fig. 2H View Fig ); middle tibia with combs of 25 to 29 short and thick, erect spines besides 10–11 longer setae.......................... M. jaczewskii Wróblewski, 1962

– Palar claw and middle tibia not as above .......................................................................................... 4

4. Pala with secondary narrow claw ( Fig. 23A View Fig ) ................................................................................... 5

– Pala without secondary claw ............................................................................................................ 7

5. Primary palar claw narrow, parallel sided; left paramere swollen before apex................................... ......................................................................................................... M. khasiensis Hutchinson, 1940

– Primary palar claw widened apically ( Fig. 23A View Fig ); left paramere slightly constricted and slightly twisted before apex ( Fig. 23D, G View Fig ) .................................................................................................... 6

6. Right paramere with a large swelling at the base of shaft ( Fig. 23F View Fig ) ....... M. polhemusi Nieser, 2000

– Right paramere with an indistinct swelling at the base of shaft ( Fig. 23C View Fig )......................................... ..................................................................................... M. melanochroa Nieser, Chen & Yang, 2005

7. Free lobe absent; prestrigilar flap absent ........................................................... M. caperata sp. nov.

– Free lobe present; prestrigilar flap present ........................................................................................ 8

8. Palar claw slender with hooked apex or notch before apex ( Fig. 25A, E View Fig ) ....................................... 9

– Palar claw not modified as above ................................................................................................... 10

9. Palar claw with hooked apex and pointed pre-apical tooth ( Fig. 25E View Fig )........... M. tarsalis Chen, 1960

– Palar claw broadly curved, with notch before apex ( Fig. 25A View Fig )................ M. fugitans Breddin, 1905

10. Palar claw narrow and nearly straight ( Fig. 2A View Fig ) ..............................................................................11

– Palar claw broader and usually widened apically ........................................................................... 13

11. Body length 3.6–4.4 mm; apex of left paramere slightly bent and twisted ( Fig. 2D View Fig ); right paramere slightly expanded before apex ( Fig. 2C View Fig ) ................................................... M. scutellaris ( Stål, 1858)

– Body length 2.7–3.4 mm; apex of left paramere blunt and not twisted; right paramere slender throughout ....................................................................................................................................... 12

12. Pronotum with three distinct transverse dark stripes ( Fig. 1C View Fig ); longitudinal stripes on hemelytra distinct and dark ( Fig. 1C View Fig ); shaft of right paramere curved at distal third ... M. siva (Kirkaldy, 1897)

– Pronotum without distinct transverse dark stripes; longitudinal stripes on hemelytra lighter or indistinct ( Fig. 1B View Fig ); shaft of right paramere slightly curved at distal fourth ( Fig. 2F View Fig )........................ .................................................................................................................... M. sedula Horváth, 1905

13. Palar claw not or moderately widened apically ( Fig. 22D View Fig ); shaft of left paramere thicker, not platelike .................................................................................................................................................. 14

– Palar claw usually large, strongly widened apically ( Figs 8A View Fig , 9F View Fig ); shaft of left paramere flat, platelike with subparallel sides ( Figs 7C View Fig , 8F View Fig , 9E View Fig ) .................................................................................. 21

14. Median lobe of sternite VII elongate, tongue-shaped, with rounded tip; free lobe of tergite VIII sigmoid ( Fig. 22A, E View Fig ); left paramere with sickle-shaped apex ( Fig. 22C, G View Fig ) ................................ 15

– Median lobe of sternite VII less developed; free lobe of tergite VIII with expanded, truncate apex; left paramere not as above .............................................................................................................. 16

15. Shaft of right paramere longer, clearly thicker in basal half, then gradually tapering in apical half ( Fig. 22F View Fig ); curvature between base and shaft of left paramere, opposite basal lobe about 90° ( Fig. 22G View Fig ) .............................................................................................. M. altera Wróblewski, 1972

– Shaft of right paramere mostly parallel sided and only tapering on apical fifth towards narrowly rounded apex ( Fig. 22B View Fig ); curvature between base and shaft of left paramere, opposite basal lobe clearly greater than 90° ( Fig. 22C View Fig ) .................................................. M. quadristrigata Breddin, 1905

16. Median lobe of sternite VII usually with four long setae; shaft of left paramere stout, with knob-like apex ...................................................................................................... M. haliploides Horváth, 1904

– Median lobe of sternite VII with one or two long setae; apex of left paramere not knob-like ....... 17

17. Pronotum shorter than head; hemelytron with reticulate pattern; left paramere with a large triangular tooth near the middle section of shaft ( Fig. 3I View Fig ); right paramere with longitudinal striations on stout shaft ( Fig. 3H View Fig ) ..................................................................................... M. johorensis Fernando, 1964

– Pronotum length at least equal to median head length; hemelytron with linear pattern or pale pattern; left and right paramere not as above ............................................................................................... 18

18. Pronotum usually with pair of dark oval rings, which are sometimes fragmented, reduced to streaks or spots, or absent; hemelytron usually with four longitudinal brown stripes; left paramere with broad, flat, and subovate apex ............................................................... M. ludibunda Breddin, 1905

– Pronotum without dark oval marks; dark marks on hemelytra usually indistinct; apex of left paramere not modified as above ..................................................................................................................... 19

19. Apical part of left paramere sinuate and covered with small scales ( Fig. 4G View Fig ) .................................... ............................................................................................................. M. sahlbergi ( Jakovlev, 1881)

– Shaft of left paramere not sinuate apically, without small scales ( Fig. 3C, F View Fig ) ............................... 20

20. Free lobe strongly widened distally, posterior margin produced into an obtuse angle ( Fig. 3A View Fig ); apical part of left paramere slightly twisted ( Fig. 3C View Fig ) .................................... M. decorata Lundblad, 1933

– Free lobe sub-rectangular, only slightly widened at distal part, posterior margin nearly straight ( Fig. 3D View Fig ); apical part of left paramere not twisted ( Fig. 3F View Fig ) ................... M. desertana Distant, 1920

21. Shaft of right paramere evenly curved, apex rounded ( Figs 7B, E View Fig , 8E View Fig ) ......................................... 22

– Shaft of right paramere strongly curved or bent on distal half to distal fourth ( Figs 9D, J View Fig , 10E View Fig , 11E View Fig ) ......................................................................................................................................................... 24

22. Hemelytra with distinct marks ( Fig. 5D View Fig ); palar claw broadened distally, apex rounded; shaft of left paramere with a distinct triangular projection on lateral margin ( Fig. 7F View Fig ).......................................... .............................................................................................. M. erythra Nieser, Chen & Yang, 2005

– Markings on hemelytra indistinct or absent; palar claw large, sub-triangular with straight apical margin; shaft of left paramere without distinct projection ............................................................. 23

23. Hemelytron with patchy, indistinct brown markings ( Fig. 5C View Fig ); left paramere with a short ridge running to lateral margin of shaft, apex broad ( Fig. 7C View Fig ) .............................. M. drepani Nieser, 2000

– Hemelytron generally light orangish, without dark marking ( Fig. 5E View Fig ); left paramere simple, without modification on shaft, apex narrow ( Fig. 8F View Fig ) .................................................... M. cultellata sp. nov.

24. Free lobe simple, sub-rectangular or moderately widened distally, posterior margin nearly straight or slightly concave; right paramere with simple, narrowly rounded apex .......................................... 25

– Free lobe distinctly widened distally, posterior margin usually modified; right paramere with strongly modified apex .................................................................................................................................. 33

25. Shaft of left paramere without projection on lateral margin ........................................................... 26

– Shaft of left paramere with distinct triangular projection on lateral margin .................................. 30

26. Left paramere with shaft straight, basal lobe trapezoid ( Fig. 12F View Fig ); shaft of right paramere slenderer and curved at distal third ( Fig. 12E View Fig ) ............................................................... M. vietnamica sp. nov.

– Left paramere with lateral margin of shaft sinuate, basal lobe subovate or sub-rectangular; shaft of right paramere bent or curved at distal fourth ................................................................................ 27

27. Distal part of right paramere strongly bent, forming angle of nearly 90° ( Figs 9D View Fig , 10E View Fig ) ............. 28

– Distal part of right paramere more gently curved, forming angle of ca 45° ( Figs 9J View Fig , 11E View Fig ) ........... 29

28. Base of right paramere with a distinct hump on mesial margin near the beginning of the shaft ( Fig. 9D View Fig ); basal lobe of left paramere long, tongue-shaped ( Fig. 9E View Fig )... M. anatolica Lindberg, 1922

– Base of right paramere without hump on mesial margin near beginning of shaft ( Fig. 10E View Fig ); basal lobe of left paramere sub-rectangular ( Fig. 10F View Fig ).............................................. M. fulvopicta sp. nov.

29. Left paramere shaft evenly curved outwards, apex narrowly rounded ( Fig. 9K View Fig )................................ .............................................................................................................................. M. arcuata sp. nov.

– Left paramere shaft strongly constricted before an acute apex ( Fig. 11F View Fig ) ...... M. acuminata sp. nov.

30. Shaft of left paramere with notch on lateral margin, set basally to triangular projection ( Fig. 14D View Fig ); right paramere strongly bent before club-shaped apex, forming angle of nearly 90° on lateral margin ( Fig. 14C View Fig ) ........................................................................... M. ornitheia Nieser, Chen & Yang, 2005

– Shaft of left paramere without a notch on lateral margin; pre-apical curve of right paramere forming an obtuse angle ( Figs 14F View Fig , 15E View Fig ) ...................................................................................................... 31

31. Right paramere with small notch on upper margin before flap-like apical part .................................. ................................................................................................................. M. pocsi Wróblewski, 1967

– Apex of right paramere not modified as above ............................................................................... 32

32. Pre-apical part of right paramere widened before truncate apex ( Fig. 15E View Fig ).......... M. clavata sp. nov.

– Pre-apical part of right paramere tapering towards rounded apex ( Fig. 14F View Fig )...................................... ........................................ M. tuwanoni Nieser, Chen, Leksawasdi, Thanyakam & Duangsupa, 2004

33. Free lobe widened distally, posterior margin convex ( Fig. 16D View Fig ); shaft of left paramere tapering towards slightly swollen apex, sub-apically with small process ( Fig. 16F View Fig ); shaft of right paramere widened at distal part and folded into gutter-like structure, with lobe on mesial side ( Fig. 16E View Fig ) ...... .............................................................................................................................. M. sinuata sp. nov.

– Free lobe strongly modified ( Figs 17D View Fig , 18D View Fig , 19D View Fig ); shaft of left paramere with one or two triangular projections on lateral margin ( Figs 17F View Fig , 18F View Fig , 19F View Fig ); shaft of right paramere modified differently ( Figs 17E View Fig , 18E View Fig , 19E View Fig ) ...................................................................................................................... 34

34. Free lobe short, distally widened, and wavy, both angles nearly square, without long setae; left paramere with two triangular projections on lateral margin, apex of paramere truncate; apical part of right paramere modified as in Fig. 17E View Fig ............................................................. M. undulata sp. nov.

– Free lobe short, distally strongly widened, posterior margin convex, lateral angle notched, with long setae ( Figs 18D View Fig , 19D View Fig ); left paramere with one triangular projection on lateral margin ................. 35

35. Left paramere with triangular projection on lateral margin, near to base of shaft ( Fig. 18F View Fig ); right paramere strongly modified, as in Fig. 18E View Fig .......................................................... M. nieseri sp. nov.

– Left paramere with triangular projection on lateral margin, near to apex of shaft ( Fig. 19F View Fig ); right paramere strongly modified, as in Fig. 19E View Fig .......................................................... M. pingae sp. nov.