Pachyrhinus elegans (Couper 1865)

Benzel, Joseph & Bright, Donald E., 2021, A revision of the genus Pachyrhinus Schӧnherr 1823 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae Entiminae) in the Nearctic Region, Zootaxa 4999 (6), pp. 501-533 : 509-516

Pachyrhinus elegans (Couper 1865)

Polydrusus elegans Couper 1865a: 63 ; Becker 1974:70.

Scythropus elegans: Horn 1876: 116 ; Chittenden 1890: 168; Fall 1901: 309; Blatchley and Leng 1916: 131; Hatch 1971: 274; Furniss and Carolin 1977: 336.

Pachyrhinus elegans: O’Brien & Wibmer and Wibmer 1982:43 ; McNamara 1991: 330; Downie and Arnett 1996: 1485; Majka et al. 2007; Bright and Bouchard 2008: 159.

Scythropus lateralis Casey 1888: 276 ; Fall 1901:309. NEW SYNONYMY.

Pachyrhinus lateralis: O’Brien & Wibmer and Wibmer 1982: 43 .

Scythropus miscix Fall 1901: 309 . NEW SYNONYMY.

Pachyrhinus miscix: O’Brien & Wibmer and Wibmer 1982: 43 .

Diagnosis. Members of P. elegans may be distinguished from those of other Nearctic Pachyrhinus species by the non-mottled scale pattern on the elytra ( Figs. 39–40 ) as opposed to the mottled scale patterns in P. californicus and P. cinereus . It is the only Nearctic Pachyrhinus species to have an iridescent green coloration, though this feature is variable ( Fig. 37 ). The aedeagus of P. elegans ( Figs. 41–43 ) is less arcuate than those of P. californicus and P. cinereus . It also bears a blunt tip rather than the long, tapered tip of other species. The spermatheca in P. elegans ( Fig. 44 ) is less tightly coiled making it C-shaped rather than comma-shaped as in P. californicus .

Description (male). Length: 4.5–8.0 mm, average 6.0 mm ( Figs. 33-38 ); color black, red on legs and antennae ( Fig. 34 ); vestiture composed of elongate, appressed, contiguous, mostly non-overlapping scales, short, recurved and long, erect setae sparsely arranged throughout body; scales ( Fig. 6 ) 2.0× long as wide, with rounded tip bearing small spines, green colored ( Fig. 10 ); scales lighter colored on underside ( Fig. 35 ) and in bands on 1st, and 7th through 10th striae ( Fig. 34 ). Antennomers III to VII conical, subequal in length ( Fig. 19 ); elytra uniformly covered in dense scales ( Fig. 39 ); scales uniform in color along strial rows; rows II through VI iridescent green in color, other rows lighter ( Fig. 40 ); appressed setae arranged in rows along mid region of interstriae, longitudinally placed at every third interstrial puncture. Aedeagus mesally curved ( Fig. 41 ). Lateral margins gradually curved, ending in point covered by long fine setae ( Figs. 42–43 ). Ostium elongate, ovate, arcuate, laterally emarginated, terminating in blunt point with small indentation at tip.

Description (female). Similar to male; spermatheca C-shaped ( Fig. 44 ), ramus elongate, subconical; cornu elongate, recurved, apically narrowed.

Variation. Coloration in this species is highly variable ( Figs. 45-53 ), commonly copper ( Figs. 45–48 ) or iridescent green ( Figs. 49–50 ), with blue ( Figs. 51–53 ) abundant in northern Rocky Mountains, British Columbia and the northwestern United States; integument ranging from black to orange, corresponding with scale color; funicular antennomeres either subequal in size or decreasing in size to 5 th antennomere, then increasing in size.

Distribution ( Fig. 54 ). Pachyrhinus elegans occurs commonly throughout the coniferous forests of temperate North America, ranging from New Brunswick to Pennsylvania in the east and British Columbia and Alberta to northern California and Colorado in the west. In collections studied, no specimens occurred in central regions of North America between Indiana and the Front Range of Colorado. Specimens throughout the range are morphologically very similar with the exception of variation of scale color.

Material Examined (803 specimens). Type Material, Lectotype, designated by Becker (1974), is in the collection of Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, and was examined and photographed ( Figs. 33–38 ). P. lateralis holotype, USA, California, Lake Co. T. L. Casey ( USNM). P. miscix holotype, USA, California, Sacramento Co. H. C. Fall. (MCZ).

CANADA, Alberta, Banff StP. VI-10-1897 / Hubbard & Schwartz ( USNM: 3 males, 6 females) ; 1922-V-25 /C. B. D. Garrett ( CNCI 1 male, 2 female) ; Burmis. VI-15-1952 / K. C. Herrman ( CNCI: 1 male, 1 female) ; Crow’s Nest. VI-9-1930 / J. H. Post ( CNCI: 2 female) ; VI-17-1962 / K. C. Herrman ( CNCI: 1 female) . Waterton. VI-8-1962 / W. R. M. Mason ( CNCI: 2 male) ; VII-16-1970 / R. A. Kelton ( CNCI: 1 male)

British Columbia, Aspen Grove. V-14-1934 / ponderosa pine, H. B. Leech ( USNM: 1 male, 1 female) ; V-25- 1934 / ponderosa pine, ( USNM: 1 male) ; Bagneg L. V-9-1976 / B. F. & J. L. Carr ( CNCI: 1 male, 2 female) ; Chopaka. VI-24-1923 / R. Glendenning ( CNCI: 1 female) ; Corbin , VII-11-1961 / B. F. & J. L. Carr ( CNCI: 1 male) ; Cranbook. V-12-1922 / C. B. D. Garrett ( CNCI: 1 male, 7 female) ; Cranston. V-8-1958 / Douglas fir, H. & A. Howden ( CNCI: 4 male, 9 female) ; Creston. V-12-1956 / G. S. Smith ( CNCI: 2 males, 2 female) ; Elko. V-7-1958 / Douglas fir, H. & A. Howden ( CNCI: 1 male) ; Falkland. V-18-1944 / H. B. Leech ( UCRC: 1 male, 1 female) ; Fife. VI-6-1959 / Douglas fir, H. & A. Howden ( CNCI: 1 female) ; Fry Cr. below Bridge, Purcell Mtns. Wilderness Pk. V-28-2010 / R. W. Baumann ( CWOB: 1 male) ; Goldbridge. VI-29-1942 / H. B. Leech ( UCRC: 1 female) ; Golden , VI-27-1976 / B. F. & J. L. Carr ( CNCI: 1 female) ; Kaslo. IV-23-1929 / ( CNCI: 2 male) ; V-10-1939 / ( CNCI: 2 males, 1 female) ; II-7/ R. P. Curie ( CWOB: 1 female) ; Kuskanoo. V-12-1958 / Douglas fir, H. & A. Howden ( CNCI: 1 male) ; Oliver ; V- 23-1958 / Douglas fir, H. & A. Howden ( CNCI: 1 male) ; V- 27-1959 / L. A. Kelton ( CNCI: 1 female) ; V-27-1959 / R. E. Leech ( CNCI: 1 female) ; Osoyos , V-28-1934 / G. S. Walley ( CNCI: 1 female) ; V-30-1958 / Douglas fir, H. & A. Howden ( CNCI: 2 female) ; Radium. VI-4-1953 / B. F. & J. L. Carr ( CNCI: 2 male, 1 female) ; Salmon Arm. VI-29- 1923 / E. R. Buckell ( CNCI: 1 female) ; V-29-1928 / ( CNCI: 1 female) ; III-24-1929 / H. B. Leech ( USNM: 1 female) ; IV-24-1933 ( USNM: 1 male) ; V-11-1933 ( USNM: 1 female) ; IV-4-1934; ( USNM: 14 male, 13 female) ; Salmo. VI- 27-1942 / H. B. Leech ( UCRC: 1 female) ; VI-9-1968 / Campbell & Smetana, ( CNCI: 1 male) ; Sanca Cr. Hwy. 3A, S of Sanca. VI-1-2010 / R. W. Baumann ( CWOB: 1 female) . Sirdar. IV-12-1980 / I. Askevold ( CWOB: 3 males, 2

females); Skookumchuck , V-30-1984 / B. F. & J. L. Carr ( CNCI: 1 male) ; Summit Cr. Hwy. 3, Blazed Cr. rest area. VI-2-2010 / R. W. Baumann ( CWOB: 1 female) ; Terrance. VII-5-1960 / ( CNCI: 1 female) ; VI-8-1960 / W. W. Moss ( CNCI: 1 female) ; VI-16-1960 / R. J. Pilfrey ( CNCI: 1 male) ; Vernon. VI-24-1923 / E. P. Venables ( CNCI: 1 male) ; IV-17-1934 / H. B. Leech ( USNM: 1 female) ; Wardner. V-19-1927 / ( CNCI: 1 female) ; Windmire. IV-23-1955 / B. F. & J. L. Carr, ( CNCI: 16 male, 3 females, 3 unknown) .

New Brunswick, Charlo. VIII-24-1943 / ( CNCI: 1 female); Kouchibouguac NP. V-24-V-3- 1977 / S. J. Miller ( CNCI: 3 female) .

Nova Scotia, Kentville , V-23-VI-24-1923 / R. P. Gorham ( CNCI 4 males); Lunenburg, V-5-1969 / P. Ward ( CNCI: 1 male) .

Ontario, Ad & Lennox. June-25-1950 / J. F Brimley ( CNCI 1 male, 2 females) ; Arkell. IV-30/ H. H. Holmes ( USNM: 1 female) Belleville. ( CUIC: 2 males, 2 females) ; Bells Corners , V-5-1957 / E. Macdougall ( CNCI: 1 female) ; VI-19-1963 / D. D. Munroe ( CNCI: 1 female) ; Constance Bay , 1935-VI-10 / W. J. Brown ( CNCI, 1 male) ; Hastings co. VII-10-1938 / Brimely ( CNCI: 3 males, 2 female) ; Marmora , IV-18-1942 / white pine, J. F. McAlpine ( CNCI: 6 male, 7 female) ; Pettit. Hubbard and Schwartz ( USNM: 2 males, 3 females) ; Trenton. J. D. Evans ( USNM: 2 males, 4 females) ; W. Robinson ( USNM: 3 females) ; Toronto. J. R. Ciew ( CUIC: 2 males, 1 female, 4 undetermined) .

Quebec, Aylmer, V-9-1932 / W. J. Brown. ( CNCI: 1 male. 1 female); Val de Bois , VI-17-1973 / R. Sexton ( CNCI: 2 female) .

USA, California, Amador Co., Tragedy Spring, Hwy. 88. VI-21-2006 / S. M. Clark & M. H. Goodman ( CWOB: 1 female) ; El Dorado Co., S fk. American R., Hwy. 50, Riverton. III-21-1985 / R. W. Baumann ( CWOB: 1 male) ; Flume, vic. of Pacific House. V-26-1989 / R. D. Gordon ( USNM: 15 males, 1 female) ; Glenn Co., Plaskett Sta. VI-30-1967 / W. Gagne ( CWOB: 1 female) ; Mariposa Co., VII-4-1952 / J. H. McLeod ( CNCI: 5 males, 9 female) ; Modoc Co., Soup Springs. V-22-2007 / B. C. Kondratieff, R. W. Baumann ( CSUC: 1 female) ; Mono Co., 3 mi N of Mammoth Lakes. D. G. Kissinger ( USNM: 5 males, 7 females) ; Napa Co., Mt. St. Helena. V-30-1915 / F. E. Blaisdell ( CLR: 1 female) ; Placer Co., Dutch Flat. III-9-1909 / ( UCRC: 1 male) ; San Diego Co., Alpine. VII-1934 ( CNCI: 1 male, 3 female) . Shasta Co., Hat Cr., Hwy 89, Honn campground. V-25-2007 / B. C. Kondratieff, R. W. Baumann ( CSUC: 2 females) ; Manzanita L. VI-16-1959 / Kelton & Madge ( CNCI: 1 male) ; Trinity Co., V-20-1934 / F. R. Platt ( UCRC: 1 male) ; Tulare Co., Giant Forest . 1904/ Wickham ( USNM: 2 males, 2 females) .

Colorado, Arapahoe Co., Arapaho Pk. VII-29-1968 / L. A. Kelton ( CNCI: 1 female) ; Boulder Co., Eldora. VI-19-1982 / ponderosa pine, G. H. Nelson ( CWOB: 1 male) ; Left Hand Canyon. IV-19-2005 / B. C. Kondratieff. ( CSUC: 1 male) ; Nederland. V-27-1961 / W. R. M. Mason. ( CNCI: 1 female) ; Clear Cr. Co., Argentine Rd. Wickham. ( USNM: 1 female) ; Jefferson Co., Lookout Mtn. VII-3-1927 / A. Nicolay ( USNM: 1 female) ; V-25/ VI-14- 2010 / CO dept. AG. ( CSUC: 1 female) ; Larimer Co., 31 km. W Ft. Collins. IV-25-1972 / dwarf mistletoe, R. B. Penfield ( USNM: 1 female) ; V-2-1972 / dwarf mistletoe, R. B. Penfield ( USNM: 1 female) ; 2 mi. S, NW of Mt. Margaret trail, Red Feather Lakes area , CR74E 1 mi. off Parvin Lake. V-28-2010 / ponderosa pine, D. Leatherman. ( CSUC: 1 male, 10 females) ; Estes Pk. VI-19-1961 / B. H. Poole ( CNCI: 4 males, 8 females) ; Park Co., N Fk. IV-16- 1926 / H. G. Dyar ( USNM: 1 female) ; Sada Cr. Pike NF, VII-19-1931 / ( USNM: 1 female) ; Sagauche Co., Hayden Pass. VII-29-1968 / E. C. Becker ( CNCI: 3 females) ; Ward Co., nr. Ward. VI-2/ VI-9-1933 / H. G. and H. E. Rodeck ( CWOB: 1 male) .

Idaho, Benewah Co., St. Maries. IV-30-1963 / ponderosa pine ( USNM: 1 female) ; Blaine Co., Pettit L. VII- 13-1968 / B. F. & J. L. Carr ( CNCI: 1 male, 1 female) ; Boise Co., Boise NF. V-18-1954 / ponderosa pine ( USNM: 1 male, 1 female) ; Idaho City. VI-26-1958 / Alpine fir, W. E. Cole (1 female) ; Deadwood R. at Jct. S fk. Payette R. W of Loman. IV-23-1985 / R. W. Baumann & Nelson ( CWOB: 1 male) ; Boise NF, N43.5637° W115.3976°. V-13- 2015 / White Pine, J. S. Benzel (5 females) ; Greyback Gulch , N43.4823° W115.5158°. V-13-2015 / ponderosa, J. S. Benzel (8 males, 7 females) ; N43.4590° W115.5520°. V-13-2015 / Douglas fir, J. S. Benzel (12 males, 8 females); Bonner Co., Sand Point. V-23-1899 / U. S. Hopkins ( USNM: 1 females) ; Bonner Co., Coeur d’Alene. IV-22-1920 / ponderosa pine, J. O. Evenden ( USNM: 4 males, 7 females) ; Bonner Co., Sandpoint. VI-8-1950 / N. M. Downie ( CWOB: 2 males, 4 females, 1 undetermined); VI-11-1954 / N. M. Downie ( USNM: 2 females) ; VI-10/ VII-10- 1971, ( CWOB: 1 male, 6 females) ; VI-19-1973, ( CWOB: 1 female) ; VII-15-1969 ( CWOB: 2 male) ; VI-19-1973 ( USNM: 1 male, 5 females) ; VII-9-1974 / N. M. Downie ( CWOB: 1 female) ; Clark Co., Fairfield. VII-6-1960 / D. R. Smith ( USNM: 1 male, 1 female) ; Idaho Co., Lochsa R., hwy. 12, Wendover campground. IV-28-1992 / R. W. Baumann & Zenger ( USNM: 1 female) ; Latah Co., Moscow. V-20-1928 / J. E. Shull ( USNM: 1 male) ; IV-20-1929 / H. A. Waters ( USNM: 2 females) ; IV-29-1950 / N. M. Downie ( UCRC: 1 male, 1 undetermined)’ Big Sand Cr. V- 7-1975 / R. Haswell ( USNM: 8 males, 15 females) ; Shoshone Co., Cedar Mtn., Moscow. IV-15-1934 / M. C. Lane ( UCRC: 6 males, 3 females, 1 undetermined); Shoshone Co. , Cathedral Peak , 11 mi SW of Heron Montana. VII-2- 1962 / western white pine. D. G. Hellin ( USNM: 3 males, 1 female) ; Valley Co., Krassel. V-23-1959 / M. M. Furniss ( USNM: 2 males, 6 females) .

Maine, Cumberland Co., Douglas Hall. V-7/ V-8-1916 / A. S. Nicolay ( USNM: 1 male, 3 females); Oxford Co. , Porter. VI-12/ A. E. Brower ( USNM: 7 males, 6 females) .

Massachusetts, Essex Co., Lawrence. VI-1864 / white pine (1 male, 1 female) ; N of Sangus. VI-1906 / H. M. Russel (1 female) ; Lawrence. ( CUIC: 4 undetermined); Franklin Co., Charlemont. IV/ ( USNM: 2 female) ; Middlesex Co., Tyngsborough. V-17-1933 / ( CUIC: 4 undetermined); Worcester Co. , Southborough. V-8-1927 / C. A. Frost, ( CUIC: 1 male) ; Winchandon , 1915-V-30 / C. A. Frost ( CNCI, 1 male) .

Montana, Beaverhead Co., above Wise R. V-30-1933 / L. J. Liu & R. W. Baumann ( CWOB: 3 males, 6 females) ; Gallatin Co., V-13-1902 / R. W. Cooley ( USNM: 1 female) ; Gallatin Co., Bozeman. VI-6-1912 / R. W. Cooley ( USNM: 1 female) . Granite Co., Sliderock Mtn. 16 mi SE of Clinton. V-18-1910 / whitebark pine, D. G. Fellen ( USNM: 1 male: 1 undetermined) ; Flint Cr. Mtns., Racetrack Pk. VI-30-1961 / S. M. Sutton ( CWOB: 1 female) ; Bonner. V-20-1958 / Western Larch , R. E. Denton ( USNM: 2 males, 3 females) ; Lake Co., N of Polson. VI-22-1977 / Douglas fir, S. Kohler ( USNM: 1 female) ; Lewis & Clark Co., Blackfoot R., Hwy. 279. V-21-1993 / R. W. Baumann & L. J. Liu ( CWOB: 2 males, 2 females) ; Helena. IV-14/ V-5-1978 / Hubbard & Schwartz ( USNM: 2 males, 2 females) ; Missoula. IV-20-1914 / ponderosa pine, J. Brunner ( USNM: 2 males, 1 female, 1 undetermined) ; nr. Frenchtown. VI-13-1977 / Douglas fir, S. Kohler ( USNM: 2 females) ; Musselshell Co., Roundup. VI-3-1982 / B. F. & J. L. Carr ( CNCI: 10 males, 1 female) ; Ravalli Co., Gird Cr. IV-23-1933 / W. L. Jellison ( USNM: 1 female) ; Burch Cr. IV-8-1934 / W. L. Jellison ( USNM: 1 female) Sleeping Child Cyn. V-3-1937 / W. L. Jellison ( USNM: 1 female) ; Gird Cr. IV-27-1941 / W. L. Jellison ( USNM: 2 females) ; Bass Cr. Florence. IV-22-1979 / grand fir, S. Koeler ( USNM: 1 male, 1 females) .

New Hampshire, Cheshire Co., Mohadrock. G. G. Milling ( USNM: 1 male) ; Grafton Co., Hanover. ( USNM: 1 male) , Rockingham Co., Hampton. I-14/ S. A. Shaw ( USNM: 1 male, 1 female) , Stafford Co., Durham. ( USNM: 2 females) , Sullivan Co., Claremont. VI / ( USNM: 7 males, 10 females) .

New Jersey, [no data] ( USNM: 2 females) .

New York, Erie Co., Buffalo. ( USNM: 2 females) ; Essex Co., Cold R., High Peaks Wild Area, Saranac R. V-11-2006 / L. Myers ( CSUC: 1 male, 1 female) ; Tompkins Co., Ithaca. V-5-1895 / Chitenden ( USNM: 6 males, 7 females, 1 undetermined) ; IV-26-1915 / ( CUIC: 1 male) ; 1937/ J. C. Bradley ( CUIC: 6 males, 3 females) ; W Danby. V-30-1915 / ( CUIC: 1 female) ; Westchester Co., Rye L. VI-3-1934 / H. L. McIntyre ( USNM: 2 female) .

Ohio, [no data] ( USNM: 1 female) .

Oregon, Baker Co., Baker. VI-2-1939 / J. H. Baker ( USNM: 4 males, 9 females) ; Pine Cr. V-8-1945 / J. H. Baker ( USNM: 1 female) . VI-14-1945 ( USNM: 1 female) ; Sumpter , VI-15-1984 / B. F. & J. L. Carr ( CNCI: 1 male, 1 female) ; Crook Co., Ochoco NF. V-27-1933 / M. C. Lane ( USNM: 6 males, 7 females) ; Deschutes Co., 20 mi. S of Bend. V-27-1964 / K. Goeden ( CWOB: 1 male, 1 females) ; Douglas Co., 15 mi W of Diamond L. VI-29-1971 / A. E. Lewis ( CWOB: 1 male) ; Grant Co. Austin, V-25-1984 / B. F. & J. L. Carr ( CNCI: 1 female) ; Prairie city, V-28-1984 / B. F. & J. L. Carr ( CNCI: 1 female) ; Jackson Co., 10 mi. S of Ashland. IV-16-1959 / K. Goeden ( USNM: 1 female) ; Squaw L. V-19-1962 / J. Schuh ( USNM: 1 male) ; Hwy. 230, 14 mi N of Union Cr. VII-1-1971 ( CWOB: 1 female) ; Klamath Co., Ft. Klamath. V-26-1933 / McLane ( USNM: 2 males, 1 female) Lake Co., Lakeview. VI-28-1984 / B. F. & J. L. Carr ( CNCI: 1 male, 1 female) ; Squaw Butte Cr. Hwy 140 E Lakeview. V-20-2013 / B. C. Kondratieff ( CSUC: 7 males, 6 females) ; Lincoln Co., Newport. V-3-1965 / lodge pole pine, K. Goeden ( CWOB: 2 females) ; Umatilla Co., Battle Mtn. V-27-1984 / B. F. & J. L. Carr ( CNCI: 3 males, 1 female) ; Lehman Springs. VI-14-1984 / ( CNCI: 1 female) ; Meacham. V-13-1933 / M. C. Lane ( USNM: 42 males, 31 females) ; Union Co., Blue Mtns. VI- 11-1940 / C. A. Frost ( USNM: 4 males, 2 females) . Wallowa Co., Enterprise. VI-13-1984 / B. F. & J. L. Carr ( CNCI: 2 male)

Pennsylvania, Franklin Co., Mt. Alto. V-6/ J. N. Knull ( USNM: 2 males, 2 females) ; 1931-IV-11/V-25/ A.C. Davis ( CNCI: 8 females, 10 males) ; Warren Co., Bear L. ( USNM: 1 female) .

Utah, Cache Co., Logan Cyn. VI-6-1933 / G. F. Knowlton ( USNM: 1 male); Duchesne Co. , Argyle Cr. Argyle Cyn. VI-15-1999 / R. W. Baumann ( CWOB: 1 male, 1 female) .

Washington, Kittitas Co., Easton. V-18-1931 / ponderosa pine, W. W. Baker ( USNM: 3 males, 2 females) ; Kittitas Co., Easton. / A. Koebele ( USNM: 5 males, 3 females) ; Okanagan Co., Okanogan NF., Early Winters RS. V-30-1966 / D. S. Horning Jr. ( CWOB: 1 female) ; Pierce Co., Mt. Rainier NP, Glacier Bridge. V-30-1997 / B. C. Kondratieff. ( CSUC: 1 male) ; Spanaway. May-30-1925 / ponderosa pine, W. W. Baker (1 male, 1 female) ; Walla Walla co., Walla Walla. May-1933 / M. C. Lane (4 males, 7 females) ; Yakima Co., Tampico. May-30-1925 / M. C. Lane (1 female) .

Wyoming, Teton Co., SE entrance, Yellowstone NP. VI-19-1947 / J. H. Baker ( USNM: 1 female) .

Biology. Main hosts are white pine, western white pine, and ponderosa pine ( Pinus strobus L., P. monticola D. Don. and P. ponderosa Douglas ex C. Lawson ). It is also found on a variety of other pines and Douglas fir ( Bright and Bouchard 2008).

Remarks. Two species of Pachyrhinus , P. lateralis and P. miscix , have holotypes which are morphologically identical to confirmed specimens of P. elegans . Pachyrhinus lateralis ( Figs. 55-60 ) was described from a single specimen taken at Lake County, California. It was differentiated from P. elegans by Casey (1888) who cited a more transverse and depressed prothorax and tumid elytral humeri ( Fig. 55 ). An examination of the holotype revealed the left side of the pronotum is cracked and dislocated, resulting in the appearance of a more depressed prothorax ( Fig. 56 ). The elytral humeri were within the individual variation found in P. elegans .

The holotype of Pachyrhinus miscix ( Figs. 61-66 ) is almost identical to that of P. lateralis . Pachyrhinus miscix was differentiated from P. elegans by Fall (1901) citing a less arcuate front and middle tibia in the male ( Fig. 62 ), a longer fourth funicular joint, and a more transverse thorax and hirsute abdomen ( Fig. 63 ). Comparisons of the holotype and of other specimens identified as P. miscix with P. elegans indicate that these features fall within the range of individual variation for P. elegans . The more arcuate tibia is a sexual feature common to the males of all Pachyrhinus species and the relative sizes of the funicular joints were variable even within series of the material examined. The more hirsute abdomen is variable with females and more abraded specimens having less hirsute ventrites.

Figures

FIGURE 54. Pachyrhinus elegans distribution map. Black circles are examined specimens. Red shading delimits approximate range.

FIGURES 39–44. Pachyrhinus elegans 39. Left elytron, dorsal view. 40. Stria and interstria. 41. Aedeagus, lateral view. 42. Aedeagus, ventral view. 43. Aedeagus, dorsal view. 44. Spermatheca.

FIGURES 33–38. Pachyrhinus elegans, lectotype, female. 33. Dorsal view. 34. Lateral view. 35. Ventral view. 36. Frontal view. 37. Elytral scales. 38. Label.

FIGURES 6–9. Elytral Scales. 6. Pachyrhinus elegans. 7. Pachyrhinus californicus. 8. Pachyrhinus cinereus scale. 9. Polydrusus impressifrons Gyllenhall 1834.

FIGURES 10–15. Elytral Vestiture. 10. Pachyrhinus elegans. 11. Pachyrhinus californicus. 12. Pachyrhinus cinereus. 13. Pachyrhinus squamulosus. 14. Pachyrhinus lethierryi. 15. Polydrusus sericeus.

FIGURES 16–19. 16. Mandibles showing scars at deciduous process attachment point. 17. Mandibles with deciduous process. 18. Oral cavity with maxillae and labium. 19. Antennae, lateral view.

FIGURES 45–53. Pachyrhinus elegans, vestiture variation. 45, 49. Larimer Co., Colorado. 46–48. Boise Co., Idaho. 50. Cumberland Co., Maine. 51. Lake Co., Montana. 52. Clear Creek Co., Colorado. 53. Latah Co., Idaho.

FIGURES 55–60. Pachyrhinus lateralis, holotype, male. 55. Dorsal view. 56. Lateral view. 57. Ventral view. 58. Damage to prothorax, lateral view. 59. Elytral vestiture. 60. Labels.

FIGURES 61–66. Pachyrhinus miscix, holotype, male. 61. Dorsal view. 62. Lateral view. 63. Ventral view. 64. Frontal view. 65. Elytral vestiture. 66. Labels.