Cicadas, Latreille, 1802

Sanborn, Allen F., 2024, The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Uruguay with a key to known species and comments on species of the genus Acanthoventris Ruschel including the resurrection of a previously synonymized species, Zootaxa 5399 (4), pp. 301-326 : 310-311

Key to the Cicadas of Uruguay

The structures used to construct the key were chosen to be applicable to examples of either sex. Male specific structures are included in some couplets as the males are most often collected and often are distinctive. Keys and descriptions of higher taxa in Marshall et al. (2018) and Sanborn et al. (2020) were used to separate higher taxa with some species specific characters from the keys of Sanborn (2016b, c) and Sanborn & Heath (2017) or the original species description ( Olivier 1790). The structures used are sufficient to distinguish the cicadas of Uruguay as the fauna is currently known. Newly discovered taxa to the fuana may not separate completely in closely related species as general structures were selected to distinguish the known species and be applicable to both males and females.

1 Fore wings opaque, fore wing cubitus posterior and anal vein 1 unfused, hindwing radius posterior and median veins unfused at their bases, male uncus not retractable, body length less than 2 cm, triangular postclypeus extending anteriorly from head........................................................................ Acuticephala alipuncta ( Tibicininae )

- Fore wings hyaline, fore wing cubitus posterior and anal vein 1 fused in part, hindwing radius posterior and median veins fused at their bases, male uncus retractable, postclypeus not as above................................................. 2

2 Metanotum partially visible on dorsal midline, division of fore wing cubitus anterior 1 vein with proximal portion shortest, timbal covers absent, pygofer distal shoulder undeveloped, pygofer upper lobes present, male uncus of moderate length, claspers absent ( Cicadettinae ).................................................................................. 3

- Metanotum completely concealed on dorsal midline, division of fore wing cubitus anterior 1 vein with proximal portion longest, timbal covers present, pygofer distal shoulder developed, pygofer upper lobes absent, male uncus absent or very small, claspers present ( Cicadinae ).................................................................................... 4

3 Fore wing with seven apical cells, fore wing radial cell and ulnar cell 2 fused into single large cell, fore wing ulnar cell 3 very small, hind wing with two apical cells, body length about 1 cm ................................ Acyroneura singularis

- Fore wing with eight apical cells, fore wing radial cell and ulnar cells of regular design, hind wing with six apical cells, body length about 2 cm ...................................................................... Carineta fasciculata

4 Fore wing infuscation connecting along crossveins from radius anterior 2 to origin of median vein 2, medial crossvein to bifurcation of median veins 3 and 4, mediocubital crossvein and cubitus antertior 2, on distal veins separating apical cells and on ambient vein, body length about 17 mm ............................................... Tympanoterpes elegans

- Fore wing lacking infuscation outlined above, body length greater than about 19 mm ............................... 5

5 Head wider than mesonotum, eyes obviously protruding beyond anterior pronotum, abdominal tergites expanding laterally to tergite 4, piceous species with contrasting ochraceous pronotal collar, costal margin and ochraceous lateral regions on abdominal tergites...................................................................... Ariasa archavaletae

- Head about as wide as mesonotum, eyes not or barely protruding beyond anterior pronotum, abdominal tergites with parallel sides at base, coloration not as above...................................................................... 6

6 Large tawny and piceous species (body length 29–45 mm, wingspan 95–120 mm), distinctly triangular head with anteriorly protruding postclypeus, strongly arched lateral pronotum irregularly toothed........................... Quesada gigas

- Not as above......................................................................................... 7

7 Large species (body length 29–37 mm, fore wing length 37–43 mm) with head and thorax green marked with piceous and piceous and castaneous abdomen, fore wing radial and radiomedial crossveins infuscated, ambient vein of fore wing and hindwings infuscated, timbal cover almost concealing timbal completely......................... Guyalna bonaerensis

- Not as above......................................................................................... 8

8 Fore wing radial and radiomedial crossveins obliquely oriented to the radius anterior 2, radius posterior and median vein 1, head wider than mesonotum, approximately triangular male opercula................................................ 9

- Fore wing radial crossvein vertically oriented to the radius anterior 2 and radius posterior veins with a radiomedial crossvein obliquely oriented, head about as wide as mesonotum, semicircular male opercula................................. 10

9 Long, acute median projection on abdominal sternite II, timbal cover plate-like covering most of timbal, head and thorax greenish marked with piceous, abdomen piceous and castaneous, head with broad, transverse piceous fascia, small transverse piceous mark on dorsal midline anterior to pronotal collar absent, submedian and lateral sigillae of mesothorax piceous............................................... Acanthoventris gastacanthophora ( Berg, 1879) revised status, n. comb.

- Long, acute median projection on abdominal sternite II absent, timbal cover finger-like extending over lateral timbal exposing majority of timbal, primarily green species (often fading to tawny), head with partial piceous fascia on vertex, small transverse piceous mark on dorsal midline anterior to pronotal collar, piceous fascia along parapsidal suture of mesonotum................................................................................................ Dorisiana semilata

10 Ash gray with piceous abdomen, thorax and abdomen sprinkled with white powder, fore wings and hind wings hyaline without infuscation on fore wing crossveins.......................................................... Proarna pulverea

- Coloration of abdomen not piceous, the same as head and thorax or castaneous, abdomen lacking white powder, fore wings and hind wings hyaline with infuscation on fore wing crossveins.................................................. 11

11 Infuscation on fore wing ambient vein between veins separating apical cells absent or very light only in apical cells 5–8 and only radial and radiomedial crossveins, postclypeus truncated, eyes not extending laterally beyond anterior margin of pronotum, timbal cover triangular, ground color of head and thorax greenish tawny contrasting piceous and castaneous abdomen........................................................................................ Proarna montevidensis

- Infuscation on fore wing ambient vein between veins separating apical cells and all four crossveins, postclypeus extending anteriorly forming a triangular head, eyes extending laterally beyond anterior margin of pronotum, timbal cover triangular with apex of triangle extended into a point, abdomen the same color as ground color of head and thorax.... Proarna uruguayensis