Syagrus pseudococos (Raddi) Glassman (1970b: 233)
Noblick, Larry R., 2017, A revision of the genus Syagrus (Arecaceae), Phytotaxa 294 (1), pp. 448-450 : 448-450
publication ID |
https://doi.org/ 10.11646/phytotaxa.294.1.1 |
persistent identifier |
https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A087AB-FF17-BDED-0AEC-FC6204B5F8AC |
treatment provided by |
Felipe |
scientific name |
Syagrus pseudococos (Raddi) Glassman (1970b: 233) |
status |
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51. Syagrus pseudococos (Raddi) Glassman (1970b: 233) View in CoL . Langsdorffia pseudococos Raddi (1820: 347) . Barbosa pseudococos (Raddi) Beccari (1887: 349) . Lectotype (designated by Glassman [1987: 106]):— Raddi (1820) t. 1, 1820
Cocos mikaniana Martius (1826: 128) View in CoL . Syagrus mikaniana (Mart.) Martius (1844: 133) View in CoL . Calappa mikaniana (Mart.) Kuntze (1891: 982) View in CoL . Lectotype (designated by Glassman [1987: 106]):— BRAZIL. Rio de Janeiro: Martius (1845) volume 3, t. 166, fig. 1, 1845.
Figure 72 View FIGURE 72 plate, Figure 65 View FIGURE 65 map.
Moderate to large, solitary palm. Stem ca. 3.5–10 m × (10–)15–20(–25) cm. Leaves 3–22; sheathing leaf base ca. 24–32 cm wide at the base; pseudopetiole 80–120 cm long; petiole nearly absent–10 × 2.5–3.5 cm, 1.5 cm thick; rachis 165–250 cm long; leaflets slightly lighter on the abaxial surface, 93–115(–150) along one side, in clusters of 2 or 3, inserted at various angles, giving the leaf a plumose appearance, ramenta scales or wooly tomentum present where the leaflets are inserted on the rachis and also along the abaxial midvein; basal leaflets 48–54 × 0.4–0.6 cm, middle leaflets 31–65(–80) × 2.2–4 cm, apical leaflets 23–35 × 0.4–0.5 cm with an asymmetric tip. Inflorescence erect to pendulous, spirally branched; prophyll 39 × 5–6 cm; peduncular bract 74–79 cm long, expanded portion 45–50 × (10–) 25–27 cm, including a 1–2 cm beak, (16.5) 40–43 cm perimeter, 9–12 mm thickness, narrow, woody, sulcate, exterior with scattered thin indument; peduncle ca. 35–70 × 3–3.5 cm, 2 cm thick, elliptical in cross-section; inflorescence axis 41–60(–90) cm long; rachis 20–50 cm long; rachillae 28–50, glabrous, 17–24 cm long at the apex, 32–44 cm long at the base; staminate flowers 14–15 mm long at the apex, 16–22 × (6–) 8–10 mm at the base, green to yellow, sepals 2–5 × 3–5 mm, glabrous, with no visible nerves, petals 13–14 mm long at the apex, 16–22 × 5–6.5 mm at the base with acute tips, glabrous, to 1 mm thick, no visible nerves, stamens 11–13 mm long, anthers 9–12 mm long, filaments 3–4 mm long, pistillode 1–3.5 mm long; basal pistillate flowers rounded, 20–22(– 32) × 15–20 mm yellow, glabrous, sepals 17–21 × 12–18 mm, glabrous, obscurely nerved, only the outermost sepal slightly keeled, the other two not keeled, petals 12–16 × 8–11 mm, glabrous, indistinct nerves, valvate tips nearly absent to less than 1/10 the length of the petal, ca. 1 mm long, pistil 8–11 × 7–8 mm, very tomentose, stigmas 3–4 mm long, glabrous, staminodal ring ca. 1 mm high, 6-dentate. Fruit ovoid, 6–6.8 × 3.8–4 cm, yellowish green when mature, mostly glabrous but tomentose at the apex, epicarp less than 0.5 mm thick, mesocarp 2–3 mm thick, succulent and fibrous; endocarp ca. 4.7–6 × 3.2–4 cm, 1–1.5 mm thick on its sides, ca. 9 mm thick at the apex; seed globose to ovoid, ca. 2.8 × 2.5 mm, endosperm ruminate. Germination remote-tubular.
178 • Phytotaxa 294 (1) © 2017 Magnolia Press
NOBLICK A REVISION OF THE GENUS SYAGRUS
Phytotaxa 294 (1) © 2017 Magnolia Press • 179
Common name:— coco-amargoso, peririma, coco-verde, patioba, palma-blanca, gariroba, guariroba.
Etymology:— The specific epithet, pseudococos , means false coconut and is in reference to the similarity in appearance of this tree to the coconut, according to Raddi.
Distribution and habitat:— Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo , Brazil, in the coastal region of the Atlantic forest, generally in rocky soils on steep slopes.
Conservation:— Because of its wide distribution and habitat in rocky soils and steep slopes, this palm is classified as least concern, LC.
Phenology:— Fruits principally during summer (December–March).
Uses:— The mesocarp of the fruit is edible, and so are the seeds. The trunk is utilized locally in rural construction. The palm is ornamental and cultivated occasionally in landscaping.
Notes:— This palm has a very tall, smooth, clean stem, its nut is globose with a very distinctive, broad, conical structure at its apex, resembling a Chinese hat. It also has a fairly thick peduncular bract, similar to S. botryophora .
Representative specimens:— BRAZIL. Espírito Santo: Atílio Vivacqua, Base Serra da Aurora , –20.91, – 41.20, 26 January 1994, H.Q. Boudet Fernandes 3100 ( MBML) ; Colatina, Miracema (Torre 41/1-LT 230 Kv Mascarenhas × Verona ), 200 m, 6 November 2008, A.M. Assis 1864 ( MBML) ; Ecoporanga, Vale do Córrego Jequitibá , –18.37, –40.83, 8 March 1994, H.Q. Boudet Fernandes 3145 ( MBML) ; Ibiraçu, Estação Ecológica do Morro da Vargem, caminho do mirante 3, 300–470 m, –19.89, –40.38, 1 June 1990, H.Q. Boudet Fernandes 2991 ( ESA, MBML!, VIES); Linhares , Linha e Planta 1, –19.39, –40.07, 7 March 2001, D.A. Folli 3824 ( CVRD) ; Marilândia, Liberdade, Prop. : Deoclécio. Lorenccini , 250 m, –19.35, –40.52, 14 July 2006, V. Demuner 2637 ( MBML) ; Pancas, Estrada Pancas × V. Verde, –19.23, –40.85, 9 December 1988, H.Q. Boudet Fernandes 2279 ( MBML!) ; Santa Leopoldina, Bragança , propr.: Assunta Salvador , 400 m, –20.13, –40.55, 17 May 2006, L.F.S. Magnago 998 ( MBML) ; Santa Teresa, Nova Lombardia , –19.82, –40.51, 4 June 1985, H.Q. Boudet Fernandes 1217 ( MBML!) ; Santa Teresa, Museu de Biologia Mello Leitão, Parque , –19.94, –40.60, 21 June 1985, H.Q. Boudet Fernandes 1280 ( MBML!) ; Santa Teresa, Mata acima da Propriedade do Governo , –19.94, –40.60, 10 April 1986, H.Q. Boudet Fernandes 1911 ( MBML!, MO); Santa Teresa , Divisa com Santa Leopoldina , –19.94, – 40.60, 23 April 1986, H.Q. Boudet Fernandes 1936 ( MBML!) ; Santa Teresa, Estação Biológica de Santa Lúcia , – 19.97, –40.53, 24 November 1988, H.Q. Boudet Fernandes 2645 ( MBML!) ; Santa Teresa, Rio 5 de Novembro, 550–600 m, –19.84, –40.63, 5 March 1992, H.Q. Boudet Fernandes & L.R. Noblick 3080 (F!, K!, MBML!, NY, US!, VIES!) ; Santa Teresa, Estação Biológica de Santa Lúcia , –19.97, –40.53, 29 June 1993, L.D. Thomaz 1749 ( MBML) ; Rio de Janeiro: A.F.M. Glaziou 8048 (P!, U); Without date, A.F.M. Glaziou 11633 ( MO) ; Rio d’Ouro á la base da Lingua chez Meor , 24 August 1879, A.F.M. Glaziou 11638 (P!); Angra dos Reis, Saco de Piraquara de Fora , –23.01, –44.32, 17 June 1999, A.E.S. Oliveira 014 ( RB) ; Nova Iguaçú, Jaceruba , –22.76, –43.45, 3 September 1978, F. Oliveira 455 ( NY) ; Parati, 1o. Distrito, Fazenda Olaria (propriedade do Sr. Gibrail ); trilha em direção ao Theresopolis , 15 March 1876, A.F.M. Glaziou 9009 (K!, P!); "Horto Flora Paraty" ( Propriedade do Sr. Veloso ). APA Cairuçu, –23.22, –44.71, 6 July 1992, L.C. Giordano 1434 ( RB) ; Parati, 2º distrito, Parati-Mirim, mata de encosta após a Ponta da Barra , –23.22, –44.71, 6 July 1992, L.C. Giordano 1465 ( RB) ; Rio de Janeiro, Parque Municipal da Prainha, trilha para o Cruzeiro , logo acima do "bosque da mirtáceas," próximo á formação rochosa, –22.90, –43.21, 10 June 2004, P. Leitman 28 ( RB) ; Rio de Janeiro, Parque Natural Municipal da Prainha, trilha do Boa Vista para o Cruzeiro , –22.90, –43.21, 23 February 2005, P. Leitman 50 ( MBM, RB) ; São Paulo : Paraibuna , ca. 25 km along the highway SE of Paraibuna, at km 172, –23.38, –45.66, 19 May 1961, G. Eiten & L.T. Eiten 2786 ( SP!) ; Ubatuba, Estação Experimental de Agronomia de Ubatuba, Cava da Escravidão , 10 m, –23.43, – 45.07, 17 November 1998, H.Q. Boudet Fernandes 3243 ( MBML, SP) ; Ubatuba, Ponta Grossa, estrada do Farol , arredores do Farol , –23.43, –45.07, 18 November 1998, H.Q. Boudet Fernandes 3249 ( MBML, SP) ; Ubatuba, Estação Experimental do IAC, –23.43, –45.07, 8 March 2005, H.Q. Boudet Fernandes 3385 ( MBML) ; Ubatuba, Parque Estadual da Serra do March-Núcleo de Pissinguaba. ( Secretaria do Meio Ambiente-Instituto Florestal ), – 23.43, –45.07, without date, A.C. Marcato & M.P. Botânico, 361, 362 ( SPFW) ; Ubatuba, Fazenda Capricórnio, Núcleo Picinguaba /PESM, Parcela F, –23.38, –45.08, 13 October 2006, E. Ramos et al. 396 ( IAC) .
MBML |
Museu de Biologia Mello Leitão |
ESA |
Universidade de São Paulo |
VIES |
Federal University of Espírito Santo |
CVRD |
Reserva Natural da Vale |
MO |
Missouri Botanical Garden |
RB |
Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro |
NY |
William and Lynda Steere Herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden |
MBM |
San Jose State University, Museum of Birds and Mammals |
SP |
Instituto de Botânica |
IAC |
Instituto Agronômico de Campinas |
No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.
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Genus |
Syagrus pseudococos (Raddi) Glassman (1970b: 233)
Noblick, Larry R. 2017 |
Calappa mikaniana (Mart.)
Kuntze 1891: 982 |
Syagrus mikaniana (Mart.)
Martius 1844: 133 |
Cocos mikaniana
Martius 1826: 128 |