Syagrus comosa (Mart.) Martius (1847: 134)

Noblick, Larry R., 2017, A revision of the genus Syagrus (Arecaceae), Phytotaxa 294 (1), pp. 448-450 : 448-450

13. Syagrus comosa (Mart.) Martius (1847: 134) . Cocos comosa Martius (1826: 122) . Calappa comosa (Mart.) Kuntze (1891: 982) . Lectotype (designated by Dahlgren 1959, plate 382):— BRAZIL. Goiás: without locality, Martius s.n. (M! [F neg. 18562])

Cocos acaulis Drude (1881: 426) . Calappa acaulis (Drude ex Mart.) Kuntze (1891: 982) .

Syagrus acaulis (Drude) Beccari (1916: 465) . Type :— BRAZIL. Piauí: monibus Serra Douro, Gardner 3495 (holotype M, isotype K!).

Figure 18 plate, Figure 13 map.

Small to moderate-sized palms, usually solitary, caulescent, occasionally short, subterranean, growing so close as to appear clustering. Stem (0–) 1–4 m × 6–15 cm (rarely to 8 m, 2–7 m tall, fide Glassman 1987), erect, dark gray, but often concealed by persistent petiole bases, with leaf scar intervals ca. 1.5–3 cm long. Leaves 5–12 in crown, spirally arranged, spreading; sheathing leaf base 10–11 × 8 cm, with fibrous margins; pseudopetiole 25–56 cm long with smooth to fibrous margins, petiole 10–44 × 1.3–3.7 cm, 1.2 cm thick, brownish tomentose, with smooth or fibrous margins; rachis (49–)80–134(–140) cm long; leaflets medium to dark green on both surfaces, 38–82(–164) along one side, irregularly distributed in clusters of 2–4, in divergent planes; ramenta scales or tomentum present where the leaflets are inserted on the rachis and also along the abaxial midvein; basal leaflets 14–46 × 0.2–0.8(– 2.2) cm, middle leaflets (25–)30–55(–67) × (1.4–)2.0– 3.8 cm, apical leaflets (9–)13–39(–45) × 0.5–2.6 cm mostly with acute, asymmetric tips. Inflorescence erect, spicate or spirally branched; prophyll (14–)20–46 × 1.5–8 cm; peduncular bract ca. (39–)52–90(–100) cm long, expanded portion 17–35 (60–72 fide Glassman, 1987) × (3–)4.5– 8(–13) cm, bearing a 0.7–5.0 cm beak, 8.5–12.5 cm perimeter, 2.5–4(–7) mm thickness, woody, deeply sulcate, brownish tomentose, becoming glabrous with age; peduncle ca. (15–)27–75 × 0.5–1.5 cm; inflorescence axis 13– 32 cm long; rachis absent or very short 0–17 cm long; rachillae 3–21 or rarely spicate, (8–)12–23(–27) cm long, each first order branch, especially lower ones, subtended by a bract (0–) 2–6 mm long; staminate flowers 10–13 × 4–6.5 mm at the base, 6–10 long at tip, sepals 1–3 × 1–3 mm, glabrous, smooth, not keeled, petals 7–12 × 2.5–5 mm with broadly acute tips, white to cream, glabrous, indistinct nerves, nearly 1 mm thick, stamens 4–6 mm long, anthers 2–5(–6) mm long, filaments 0.2–2 mm long, pistillode obscure or to 1 mm; pistillate flowers nearly globose, (5–)6–10 × (4–) 5–8.5 mm, white, sepals (5–)6–10 × 3–7 mm, glabrous, no visible venation, only slightly or not keeled, petals 5–6 × 4–5 mm, glabrous, obscurely veined, valvate tips 1/3–1/2 the length of the petal, ca. 3 mm long, pistil, (3–)4–5(–7) × 3–4(–5) mm, glabrous, stigmas 2 mm long, staminodal ring ca. 1.5–3 mm high, entire. Fruit ellipsoid, 2.0–3.2 × 1.4–2.1 cm, light green to greenish yellow, especially at the base, when mature, persistent perianth (cupule) beige to brown, 9–10 mm wide, 4–7 mm deep, ring 3–5 mm in height, epicarp relatively smooth with obscure fibers, less than 1 mm thick, mesocarp 0.5–2 mm thick, fibrous mucilaginous; endocarp 2.3–2.5 × 1.5 cm, 1–2 mm thick on the sides, 3–5 mm thick at its ends, bony, caramel colored, trivittate, smooth, shiny on interior, with no clusters of fibers; seed 17–19 × 9–10 mm, endosperm homogeneous. Germination remote-tubular.

Common name:— catolé, babão, coco-babão, gabiroba catolé, guariroba-do-campo, palmito-amargoso, jerivá, pati, acumã rasteiro (used for the “acaulescent” plants).

Etymology:— The specific epithet, comosa , refers to bearing a tuft of leaves.

Distribution and habitat:— This species is distributed over most of the cerrado or savanna regions of Brazil: western Bahia, Distrito Federal, Goiás, Maranhão, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Pará, Piauí, São Paulo and Tocantins. It is rare to occasional in western Bahia, having only been seen in the far western municípios of São Desidério and Barreiras. It also grows in Bolivia (eastern Santa Cruz). It grows usually in cerrado vegetation in flat or uneven rocky terrain along rocky ridges in quarzitic soils at an elevation of 700–1200 m.

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Conservation:— Because of its habitat and wide distribution, this species is not threatened. It is also protected within the borders of several national parks and preserves. The trees produce an abundance of fruits. Therefore, this species is classified as least concern, LC.

Phenology:— Flowering and fruiting year around with flowering from February to October but peaks from March to May and fruit maturing from August to February. Many of the fruits are damaged by insects.

Uses:— This moderately-sized palm has potential as an ornamental, principally the younger acaulescent forms, but its main drawback is that it is a very slow-growing when young. Under ideal circumstances it grows faster when it gets older (Harri Lorenzi, pers. comm.). The fruits are edible, but the palm heart is bitter ( Bondar 1964). Its palm heart is used only in regional cooking and used medicinally to cure digestive problems.

Notes:— This is a small slow-growing palm with coriaceous leaves that show raised veins on its upper surface especially when dried, thick peduncular bracts and small rounded flowers. Syagrus comosa can be distinguished by its closely spaced leaflets, thick, deeply sulcate, woody, light brown to orange-brown-colored peduncular bract, its short rachis, whitish flowers, rounded pistillate flowers and smooth light green-colored fruits. The acaulescent forms often produce only spicate inflorescences, which motivated Drude (1881) to a describe a new species ( Cocos acaulis ) and Beccari (1916) to later transfer it to Syagrus as S. acaulis , but arborescent forms with spicate inflorescences can be found as well.

Representative specimens:— BOLIVIA, Santa Cruz: Parque Nacional Noel Kempff Mercado, Las Gamas, 700 m, –14.67, –60.77, 6 October 1993, Saldias et al. 3462 (NY). BRAZIL. Bahia: Barreiras, 24 April 1972, Andrade-Lima 72-6877 (IPA!); Barreiras, 759 m, –11.62, –48.04, without date, A. Cotrim et al. 160, 251 (HUEFS!); Barreiras, 769 m, –11.88, –45.83, without date, A. Cotrim et al. 566 (HUEFS!); Barreiras, 110 km SW of Barreiras, cerrado, scattered, associated with acaulescent Attalea [ A. barreirensis ], 23 August 1976, S.F. Glassman 13049, 13050 (BH!, F!, MO!, RB!, SP!); Formosa do Rio Preto, Primavera, 465 m, –11.04, –45.07, 3 November 2007, G. Araújo et al. 378 (HUEFS!); Formosa do Rio Preto, Projeto Ouro Verde, 814, –11.45, –46, 13 November 1995, G. Pereira-Silva 3167 (CEN!); Formosa do Rio Preto, Projeto Ouro Verde, rodovia "Anel da Soja", reservas de cerrado entre plantios de soja, 710, –11.44, –46.07, 14 November 1995, B.M.T. Walter 2924 (CEN!); Jaguarari, –10.45, –44.31, 30 July 1984, J.L. de S. Lima 64 (HTSA!); São Desidério, Espigão Mestre , ca. 10 km N of Rio Roda Velha, ca. 100 km WSW of Barreiras, 9 March 1972, W.R. Anderson et al. 36881 (NY!, UB!); São Desidério , 8 km W of São Desidério on road to Sítio Grande, 600 m, –12.37, –44.97, 24 October 1988, L.R. Noblick & J.L. de S. Lima 4658 (BAH!, CEPEC!, F!, FTG!, HTSA!, NY!); São Desiderio, A mais a menos 8 km na estrada p/ Sítio Grande, –12.64, –45.64, 24 October 1988, J.L. de S. Lima 133a (HTSA!); Distrito Federal: Brasília, Planaltina, BR-020, 9 March 1977, A.C. Allem & J.G.A. Vieira 883 (CEN); Brasília, EEJBB, 30 March 2004, I.N.C. de Azevedo 25 (HEPH); Brasília, Parque Recreativo e Reserva Ecológica do Gama, –16.08, –48.10, 25 January 2001, D.S. Brito 165 (UB!); Brasília, Fazenda Sucupira, –16.50, –48.00, 16 April 2007, P.S. Carvalho & Correia 228 (UB!); Brasília, Zona de Jardim Botánica, cerro Cristo Redentor, 14 May 2012, Carvalho-Silva et al. 1621 (MA, UB!); Brasília; Na DF-100 a 99, 7 km do CENARGEN / EMBRAPA a esquerda, Vereda, 1085 m, – 15.88, –47.38, 5 May 1992, T.A.B. Dias et al. 99 (CEN); Brasília; A 32 km do CENARGEN. Pegar a DF-170 e seguir nela, –15.55, –48.05, 4 June 1992, T.A.B. Dias & R.F. Vieira 186 (CEN); Brasília; Parque Nacional de Brasília, 3 August 2006, C.A. Faria et al. 232 (CEN); Brasília, Estação Ecológica de Águas Emendadas, 20 April 1972, M.B. Ferreira, 1188 (HEPH); Brasília, IBGE, 8 September 1977, E.P. Heringer 15 (HEPH); Brasília, Barragem do Paranoá, –15.78, –47.93, 10 April 1962, E.P. Heringer 8924-1118 (HEPH, NY!, UB!); Brasília, Barragem do Paranoá, –15.78, –47.93, 10 April 1962, E.P. Heringer 8925-1119 (NY!); Brasília, Bacia do Rio São Bartolomeu , 9 July 1979, E.P. Heringer 1772 (IBGE, MO, US); Brasília, Area de Inundação do Rio São Bartolomeu , 11 March 1980, E.P. Heringer 3786 (MO!, US!); Brasília, Parque Recreativo e Reserva Ecológica do Gama, –16.08, –48.10, 10 November 2000, B.M. Gomes 100 (UB!); Brasília, St Bartolomeu River valley, 25 April 1990, G.F. Guala 1294 ( US); Brasília, Fazenda Água Limpa, –15.78, –47.93, 25 February 1970, M. Haridasan 496 (UB!); Brasília, Reserva Ecológica do IBGE, 1100 m, –15.95, –47.87, 4 October 2009, J.L. de S. Lima s.n (HCF); Brasília, ca. 15 km E of Lago Paranoá, DF-6, –15.78, –47.93, 25 February 1970, H.S. Irwin 26619[-1119] (NY!, RB!, SP!, UB!); Brasília, Chapada da Contagem, –15.78, –47.93, 8 December 1998, R.C. Martins & Mendes 219. (UB!); Brasília, Jardim Botânico, –15.50, –47.75, 23 November 2008, R.C. Martins 100. (UB!); Brasília, Estação Ecológica de Águas Emendadas, 8 October 1982, C.M. Maury 271 (HEPH); Brasília, Estação Ecológica de Águas Emendadas 19 January 1983, C.M. Maury 383 (HEPH); Brasília, EEJBB Cristo Redentor, 18 September 2003, L.C. Milhomens 251 (UB!); Brasília, EEJBB, 112 m, 1 July 2004, K.R. Moreira 80 (CEN); Brasília, SQN 2008, –

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15.75, –45.88, E. do Nascimento & B. Catarina 52 ( UB!) ; Brasília, Parque Nacional de Brasília , –15.72, –47.97, 20 July 2006, Neiva 167 ( UB!) ; Brasília, Fazenda Agua Limpa, ca. 20 km SSW of the city of Brasília. Ecological Reserve of the Universidade da Brasília –15.78, –47.93, 4 May 1992, L.R. Noblick 4859. ( FTG! NY!, UFG!) ; Brasília, Fazendinha Agua Limpa (study area of the University of Brasília ), –15.78, –47.93, 7 February 1996, L.R. Noblick & H. Cropper 5109. ( NY!, UB!) ; Brasília , Memorial das Diads do Brasil, –15.78, –47.93, 23 February 2010, T. Nogales & Ianhez 90 ( UB!) ; Brasília , JBB 102 m, –15.87, –47.85, 27 April 1989, P.E.A.M. de Oliveira 1094 ( HEPH) ; Parque Nacional de Brasília , –15.87, –47.82, without date, V.F. Paiva 103a ( UB!) ; Brasília, Fazenda Água Limpa. Próximo da Sede , –15.95, –47.90, 17 April 2002, C.E.B. Proença et al. 2594 ( UB!) ; Brasília, Fazenda Água Limpa , –15.78, –47.93, 23 September 1976, J.A. Ratter 3641 ( UB!) ; Brasília, Fazendinha Agua Limpa ( University of Brasília field station), near Vargem Bonita , ca. 18 km SSW of Brasília TV tower, –15.78, –47.93, 11 February 1978, J.A. Ratter 4253 ( NY) ; Brasília , EEJBB, 104 m, –15.92, –47.90, 5 September 2003, R.R. da Silva 850 ( HEPH) ; Brasília, Parque Nacional de Brasília , June 2006, Roveratti & Santos 402 ( CEN) ; Brasília, Fazenda Sucupira, Campos na entrada da Fazenda Sucupira, –15.92, –48.03, 26 August 1998, A.B. Sampaio 237 ( UB!) ; Brasília; Borda do Parque Nacional de Brasília , 1300 m, –15.64, –47.92, March 2006, J.R. Santos et al. 284 ( CEN) ; Brasília, Fazenda Água Limpa ( UB!) , 1140 m, –15.95, –47.92, 19 May 1989, A.O. Scariot 551 ( CEN) ; Brasília, ARIE do Cerradão , –15.85, –47.82, 27 February 2008, J.S. Silva et al. 356 ( NY!, UB!) ; Brasília, Reserva Ecológica do IBGE, August 1995, M.A. Silva 2711 ( IBGE) ; Brasília, Chapada do Rio Preto, Sucre & E.P. Heringer 604 ( UB!) ; Brasília, a cerca de 22 km do Posto Colorado a direita, 960 m, –15.77, –47.92, 8 April 1994, R.F. Vieira et al. 1867 ( CEN) ; Goiás: Region of S. Serra Dourada, 1965 , E.Y. Dawson 15521 ( BH) ; Alto Paraíso de Goiás, estrada de terra para Nova Roma , a cerca de 6 km, 1200 m, –14.12, –47.43, 13 March 1995, T.B. Cavalcanti et al. 1290 ( CEN) ; Alto Paraíso de Goiás , –14.07, –47.51, 6 May 2008, R. Tsuji & E. Franco 2619 ( HPL!) ; Alto Paraíso, ca. 5 km da cidade na estrada da terra para acesso ao Hotel Fazenda Água Clara , 10 December 2008, R. Tsuji 2727 ( HPL!) ; Alto Paraíso de Goiás, 7 km de Alto Paraíso para Nova Roma , –13.77, –47.50, 21 May 1994, C.B.R. Munhoz et al. 103 ( UB!) ; Alto Paraíso de Goiás, nr. Fazenda Canastra, 30 km from Alto Paraíso de Goiás , 1700 m, –14.03, –47.43, 30 May 1994, J.A. Ratter 7292 ( UB!) ; Amorinópolis, Serra dos Caiapós-á 40 km de Amorinópolis para Rio verde, –16.62, –51.09, 17 April 1971, J.A. Rizzo 6243 ( UFG!) ; Caiapônia, base de Serra do Caiapó , entrada pela propriedade do S. Lóla, –17.28, –51.89, 4 September 2009, R.C. Martins et al. 1018 ( UB!) ; Cristalina, Serra dos Cristais ; ca. 8 km S. of Cristalina , –16.77, –47.61, 6 March 1966, H.S. Irwin et al. 13655 ( GH, NY!, UB!) ; Formosa, Formosa, Rio Tiquira , –15.54, –47.30, 18 April 1967 NY, E.P. Heringer 11447 ( NY!, UB!) ; Goiás, Serra de Santa Rita-No distrito de Jeroaquara, –15.93, –50.14, 24 April 1971, J.A. Rizzo 6264 ( UFG!) ; Gurupi, 320 km south of Guará (or 80 km south of village of Barra Holanda) along the Belém-Brasília highway (BR-14), ca. – 11.5 and between –48.83 and –49.17, 11 September 1963, G. Eiten & Eiten 5505 (F!, SP!) ; Jataí , BR-364-GO, – 17.88, –51.71, November 1983, P.C. Hutchison 8544 ( UEC!) ; Martius s.n. ( MO) ; Minaçu, Reserva da Serra da Cana Brava , perto da antena de TV, –13.53, –48.22, 10 June 1995, C.E.B. Proença 1274 ( UB!) ; Minaçu, 6 km após a barreira (direção Minaçú ), 24 April 1995, H.G.P. Santos et al. 425 ( CEN) ; Minaçu , estrada Minaçu-AHE Serra da Mesa , km 12, 500 m, –13.83, –48.28, 20 June 1995, B.M.T. Walter et al. 2379 ( CEN!) ; Mineiros , Parque Nacional das Emas-Jatobá, park entrance ca. 85 km SW of Mineiros on GO-341, –18.08, –53.08, 10 May 1992, L.R. Noblick 4870 (F!, FTG!, K!, UFG!) ; Mossâmedes, Reserva Biológica da Serra Dourada-Divisa dos municípios de Mossâmedes ao sul e Goiás ao norte. Área da UFG, –16.13, –50.22, 5 April 1969, J.A. Rizzo 4091 ( UFG!) ; Mossâmedes, Reserva Biológica da Serra Dourada-Divisa dos municípios de Mossâmedes ao sul e Goiás ao norte. Área da UFG, –16.13, –50.22, 4 May 1969, J.A. Rizzo 4209 ( UFG!) ; Mossâmedes, Reserva Biológica da Serra Dourada-Divisa dos municípios de Mossâmedes ao sul e Goiás ao norte. Área da UFG, –16.13, –50.22, 5 October 1969, J.A. Rizzo 4521 ( UFG!) ; Niquelândia; Margem direita do Rio Bagagem , 390 m, –13.97, –48.32, 20 July 1995, B.M.T. Walter et al. 2429 ( CEN) ; Pirenópolis, Alta da Serra dos Pireneus-Alto da Serra dos Pireneus , na base dos três picos, –16.13, –50.22, 13 March 1971, J.A. Rizzo 6052, 6058 ( UFG!) ; Pirenópolis , Serra dos Pireneus-Alto da Serra dos Pireneus , nas base dos três picos, –16.13, –50.22, 13 April 1971, J.A. Rizzo 6198 ( UFG!) ; Pirenópolis , Serra dos Pireneus-Alto da Serra dos Pireneus , na base dos três picos, –7.53, –46.04, 4 June 1971, J.A. Rizzo 6409 ( UFG!) ; Uruaçu; Projeto de colonização agrícola Batavo / Campo , 470 m, –8.63, –46.72, 22 November 1995, B.M.T. Walter et al. 2983 ( CEN!) ; 1816–1821, A. de Saint-Hilaire 867 (P!); Entre Vista Alegre and Barro Vermelho , 27 August 1894, A.F.M. Glaziou 22263 (C, F!, K, MO!, P!, US) ; Morro do Froto, prés Meiá Ponte , 7 September 1894, A.F.M. Glaziou s.n. (P! P02147735) ; Maranhão: Balsas, Projeto de Balsas, Condomínio Kissy , Lote 23, 470 m, –7.53, –46.04, 10 March 1995, Pereira-Silva et al. 3501 ( TEPB, UFG) ; Balsas , Along road ,

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Phytotaxa 294 (1) © 2017 Magnolia Press • 55 ca. 25 km West of Balsas, Fazenda of Sr. Damion, –7.53, –46.04, 4 December 1981, M.J. Balick 1344 (NY); Rondonópolis, Bororo Indian Village, “Córrego Grande”, and vicinity, on north shore of Rio São Lorenço , 64 km due WSW of Rondonópolis, 180 m, –16.60, –55.22, 4 December 1976, G. Eiten 103 (UB!); G. Eiten 5456 (F!, BH!, SP!); Mato Grosso: Agua Boa, Serra do Roncador, ca. 60 km N of Xavantina, 550 m, –14.05, –52.16, 24 May 1966, Irwin 15965 (BH!, F!, MO!, NY!, UB!, US!); Aldeia Serra do Borda, caminho para o córrego, 5 November 1990, M. Macedo & A.R. Ferreira 7451 (UFMT!); Alto Paraguai, Crista da Serra da Bocaina. 15 km SW (em linha reta) de Alto Paraguai. Estrada para Tira Sentido, –14.37, –56.35, 20 May 1997, Souza 16577 (ESA!, UFMT!); Barra do Garças, ca. 35 km (straight line) ENE of Barra do Garças, 500 m, 4 May 1973, W.R. Anderson 9712 (F!, MO!, NY!, UB!); Barra do Garças, 260 km along new road NNE of the village of Xavantina (1.5 km due SE of Royal Society, 450 m along path R-3, 30 August 1968, G. Eiten & L.T. Eiten 8450 (UB!); Barra da Garças, na Serra do Taquará, 688 m, –15.69, –52.35, 12 March 2004, H. Lorenzi 4741 (HPL!); Barra de Garças, Morro do Cristo, Serra Azul , 1 April 1999, M. Macedo & A.R. Ferreira 6842 (UFMT!); Barra do Garças, Parque Estadual da Serra Azul , –15.89, –52.26, 1 September 1996, Maia 2 (UB!); Chapada dos Guimarães , km 40 da estrada entre Cuiabá e Chapada dos Guimarães margem esquerda, 17 September 1998, E. Ferreira & A. Silva 519 (UB!, UFMT!); Chapada dos Guimarães, PANA Chapada do Guimarães, Córrego da Paciência, 29 July 1995, M. Macedo & R. Godinho 4298 (UFMT!); Chapada dos Guimarães, Usina Hidroelétrica de Manso , 22 June 1999, M. Macedo & I. Lopes 7070, 7071 (UFMT!); Chapada dos Guimarães, MT 251, 45 km NNE of Cuiabá, –15.46, –55.75, 12 July 1984, S.A. Mori et al. 16771 (CEPEC!, NY!); Chapada dos Guimarães , –15.46, –55.75, 19 February 1997, A.G. Nave et al. 1075 (ESA! UFMT!); Chapada dos Guimarães, Parque Nacional da Chapada dos Guimarães , ca. 19 km E of the Rio Mutuca and 3 km W of the Monumento da Pedra in the National Park, elevation ca. 437 m, –15.37, – 55.85, 12 January 2014, L.R. Noblick & H. Lorenzi 5638 (ESA!, FTG!); Chapada dos Guimarães , 22 April 1983, A.T. de Oliveira Filho 35 (UFMT!); Chapada dos Guimarães ; Estrada Cuiabá-Chapada dos Guimarães , km 54, 490 m, –15.25, –55.83, 23 August 1987, E.L. Perez et al. 2271 (CEN); Cuiabá, area da Usina Hidroelétrica do Rio Manso (Eletronoite) 10 km da guarita da entrada da Usina, 18 September 1998, E. Ferreira & A. Silva 521 (UFMT!); Cuiabá/Barra do Bugres km 47 Faz. São Pedro , 1 April 1983, G. Guarim Neto et al. 858 (UFMT!); Cuiabá, Serrinha São Vicente , 26 July 1995, M. Macedo & R. Godinho 4285 (UFMT!); Cuiabá, Road Buriti to Cuiabá; rocky escarpment of Chapada dos Guimarães , –15.60, –56.10, 720 m, 22 October 1973, G.T. Prance 19288 (INPA, NY!, U, US!); Cuiabá, UHE Manso, August 1998, S. Rodrigues 81 (UFMT!); Diamantino, MT. BR 163, Rod. Cuiabá-Sinop a 160 km ao S de Sinop, margens da rodovia, –14.41, –56.45, 17 September 1985, C.A. Cid Ferreira et al. 6065 (NY!); Diamantino, ca. 20 km após a limite do Municipio de Diamantino, 23 April 1983, E.C.C. Moraes et al. 276 (UFMT!); Diamantino, 41 km de Diamantino em direção a Nobres. Serra do Tombador, – 14.36, –56.15, 400 m, 17 May 1997, V.C. Souza 16071, 16092, 16093 (ESA!); Diamantino, Fazenda Camargo, ca. de 7 km NW (em linha reta) de Diamantino, –14.41, –56.45, 22 May 1997, V.C. Souza 16880, 16888 (ESA!, UFMT!); Diamantino, Fazenda Caeté (Parte da Fazenda Baronesa), 16 km ESE (em linha reta) de Diamantino, 23 May 1997, V.C. Souza et al. 16967 Nobres(ESA!, UFMT!); Diamantino, Fazenda Caeté (Parte da Fazenda Baronesa), 15 km ESE (em linha reta) de Diamantino, 23 May 1997, V.C. Souza et al. 16982 (UFMT!); Garapú, Vicinity of Garapú. ca. 1 km N.E. of Garapú, 300–400 m, –13.20, –52.57, 1 October 1964, H.S. Irwin & T.R. Soderstrom 6525 (NY!); General Carneiro, Meruri, –15.71, –52.76, September 1963, Hartmann 47 (SP!); General Carneiro, na estrada entre Barra do Garça e General Carneiro, ca. 50 km de Barra do Garça, 70 m, 21 January 2009, –15.71, –52.76, H. Lorenzi 6584 (HPL!); General Carneiro, margem da BR 070, 31 March 1999, M. Macedo & A.R. Ferreira 6841, 6845 (UFMT!); General Carneiro, a 60 km da cidade na estrada para Cuiabá-MT, –15.71, – 52.76, 10 December 2009, Seidenschnur & Beaman 1087 (HPL!); Guiratinga, Morro da Nica, 20 March 1999, M. Macedo et al. 6943, 6944 (UFMT!); Luciara, Estrada para a Mata do Coco, ca. 14 km N de Luciara. Fazenda Três Pontas do Araguaia, –11.08, –50.43, 140 m, 19 March 1997, V.C. Souza 14550 (ESA! UFMT!); Lucas do Rio Verde/Campo de Murundas, 10 January 1997, E.A. Silveiro 8 (UFMT!); Nambik km 35 Tirecatunga Sapezal, 19 February 1996, R. Godinho & M. Macedo 216 (UFMT!); Nobres, cerca de 30 km NE (em linha reta) de Nobres. BR-242, ca. 2 km do entroncamento com a BR 364/163. Serra da Caixa Furada , 19 May 1997, V.C. Souza 16431, 16469 (ESA!, UFMT!); Nobres, cerca de 62 km NE (em linha reta) de Nobres. BR-242, –14.23, –56.53, 19 May 1997, V.C. Souza 16532, 16545, 16546, 16547 (ESA!, UFMT!); Nobres, Arredores da Fazenda Quebó, cerca de 37 km ENE (em linha reta) de Nobres, –14.37, –56, 24 May 1997, Souza 17074 (ESA!, UFMT!); Nova Eldorado, 7 July 1998, Guarim Neto & M. Macedo s.n. (UFMT!); Nova Xavantina, 6 km ao S de Nova Xavantina, –14.67, – 52.35, Argent, G.C.G. 6488 (UB!); Novo Marillândia, estrada entre a BR-364 e Novo Marillândia, ca. de 2 km da

56 • Phytotaxa 294 (1) © 2017 Magnolia Press

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BR-364 (ca. de 12 km N em linha reta de Novo Marillândia), –14.23, –56.92, 18 May 1997, V.R. Souza et al. 16341-B (ESA!); Novo Mundo, Parque Estadual Cristalino, –9.95, –55.20, 311 m, 19 August 2008, Sasaki 2232 (HERBAM); Novo Mundo, Parque Estadual Cristalino, –9.95, –55.20, 336 m, 30 January 2008, Sasaki 2035 (HERBAM); Novo Mundo, Parque Estadual Cristalino, –9.95, –55.20, 418 m, 2 February 2008, Sasaki 2150 (HERBAM); Nova Xavantina; Campus Universitário da UNEMAT. Estação Biológica, 18 May 1999, N. Arenhart 9 (NX); Nova Xavantina, –14.67, –52.35, 26 March 2004, F.M.F. Pires 3 (NX, UB!); Nova Xavantina; Campus Universitário da UNEMAT. Estação Biológica, 6 October 1999, R.H.O. Viana 223 (NX); Paranatinga, 10 June 1999, M. Macedo & A.R. Ferreira 7014 (UFMT!); Peixoto de Azevedo, BR-080. Cachoeirinha do Rio Peixoto, cerca de 63 km de Matupá em direção ao Rio Xingu. Gleba Leonislândia, –14.41, –56.45, 24 April 1997, V.C. Souza 15634 (ESA!, UFMT!); Pontes e Lacerda, Estrada na Mineradora Santa Elina, –14.52, –59.78, 11 September 1997, A.G. Nave et al. 2064 (ESA!, UFMT!); Porto Esperidião, 71 km de Porto Esperidião, direção Porto Velho, – 15.85, –58.46, 1983, P.C. Hutchison 8592 (UEC!); Porto Estrela, Est. Ecol. Serra dad Araras, 16 September 1987, Ecol. Vegetal-Polo 1626 (UFMT!); Porto Estrela, –15.32, –57.23, 14 May 1995, G. Hatschbach 62761 (MBM!); Ribeirão Cascalheira, Fazenda Marruá. P. 05 / Q. II, 5 October 2003, C. Fernandes-Bulhão et al. CFB221 (NX); Ribeirão Cascalheira; Barreira Amarela. P. 01 / Q. IV, 12 October 2003, C. Fernandes-Bulhão et al. 274 (NX); Salgadeira, Chapada dos Guimarães , 7 May 1983, A.T. de Oliveira Filho 58 (UEC); São Félix do Araguaia, Estrada São Félix do Araguaia-Alto Boa Vista, ca. 13 km após o entroncamento para Luciara, –11.3602, –51.0456, 140 m, 15 March 1997, V.C. Souza 14188 (ESA!, UFMT!); São José do Rio Claro, Fazenda Cachoeira de Pau, – 13.52, –56.32, 14 June 1997, V.C. Souza 18160 (ESA!, UFMT!); Sorriso—Próximo Teles Pires, 28 July 2002, L. Regiane 39 (UFMT!); Tapurah, 75 km NE (em linha reta) de Tapurah. Estrada para Projeto Ipiranga, –12.14 – 56.03, 9 June 1997, V.C. Souza 17441 (ESA!, UFMT!); Tapurah, Estrada para Projeto Ipiranga. 47 km de Tapurah, –12.25, –56.13, 10 June 1997, V.C. Souza 17633 (ESA!, UFMT!); Tapurah, Estrada MT-010, cerca de 5 km do entroncamento com MT-338, –12.82, –56.43, 12 June 1997, V.C. Souza 17789 (ESA!, RB, UFMT!); Torixoréu, Próximo de Torixoréu, –16.28, –57.70, 25 October 1977, J. de S. Costa 77 (RB!); Vila Bela da Santissima, Trinidade, Fazenda Bafa Funda, 9 September 1995, M. Macedo et al. 4537 (UFMT!); Vila Bela da Sma.[Santissima] Trindade, MT-246, entre km 30–40, 10 November 1996, G. Hatschbach & Silva 65488 (MBM!, UFMT!); Xavantina, 9 km E of the Base Camp of the Expedition (Base Camp –12.90, –51.87), ca. 270 km N of Xavantina, 19 April 1968, J.A. Ratter et al. 1116 (UB!); Xavantina, 4 km N of the Base Camp (–12.90, –51.87), ca. 270 km N of Xavantina, 2 July 1968, J.A. Ratter et al. 2051 (UB!); Xavantina, 24 November 1946, H. Sick B165 (RB!); Base Camp, 2.5 km ao SE de Base Camp, –12.82, –51.77, R.M. Harley et al. 10398 (UB!); Ilha do Bananal, na divisa com o Parque Nacional Araguaia; coletas no Parque Indígena, 11 October 1985, J.R. Pirani et al. 1248 (NY!, SPF!); Base Camp, 2 km ao E de Base Camp, –12.82, –51.77, 22 December 1967, D. Philcox 3700 (UB!); Base Camp, 8 km ao NE de Base Camp, –12.82, –51.77, April 1968, J.A. Ratter 878 (UB!); Base Camp, 8 km ao NE de Base Camp, –12.82, –51.77, 9 April 1968, J.A. Ratter 919 (UB!); Próximo ao Córrego do Surucucu, 10 October 1968, Giulietti, A.M. 428 (IPA!); MT-270, Guiratinga-Poxoréu, 6 March 2000, M. Macedo et al. 7221 (UFMT!); Serra da Chapada, 1894 , C.A.M. Lindman A2699 (S); Mato Grosso do Sul: Campo Grande, na estrada para Dourados, 50 km do Campo Grande, –20.44, –54.65, 8 September 2008, H. Lorenzi 6516 (HPL!); Campo Grande, Cerrado do parque dos Poderes , –20.44, –54.65, 8 June 1992, L.R. Noblick s.n. (CGMS!); Inocência, em beira da estrada lado direito entre Água Clara e Inocência, –19.73, –51.93, 13 December 2007, R. Tsuji 2391 (HPL!); Nova Alvorada do Sul, na BR- 163 km 394 para Dourados, 20 January 2009, –21.47, –54.39, H. Lorenzi 6581 (HPL!); Ribas do Rio Pardo; 36 km a L de Ribas do Rio Pardo, BR- 262, 400 m, –20.417, –53.17, 3 September 1987, E.L. Perez & J. B. Pereira 2407, 2409 (CEN!); Rio Pardo, na estrada para Água Clara (BR-262, km 189), 19 January 2002, H. Lorenzi 6579 (HPL!); Rio Verde, 8 June 1974, G. Martinelli 359 (RB!); Rio Verde, Faz. Anhumas do Rio Negrinho, 10 June 1974, G. Martinelli 386 (RB!); Minas Gerais: Várzea da Palma , –17.60, –44.73, 13 March 1995, G. Hatschbach 62860 (MBM!); Pará: Pará, perto do Rio Xingú, 27 June 1978, J.M. Pires 16082 (NY!); Gorotire, 25 August 1985, A. Gély 493 (MG!); Itaituba, Serra do Cachimbo, estrada Santarém-Cuiabá, BR 163, km 771, –4.28, –55.98, 22 April 1983, M.N.F. da Silva 64 (NY!); Portel, 10 km east of Portel, – 1.94, –50.82, 12 September 1965, G.T. Prance 1303 (NY!, U); Santarém, Cachoeira do Curua, Cierro de Cachimbo, Santarém-Cuiabá Highway BR 163, km 878 from Santarém, M.J. Balick 912 (F!, MG!, NY!); Santa Cruz do Martírios, região do Araguáia, 13 June 1953, R. de L. Fróes 30028 (IAN!); São Geraldo do Araguaia. Serra das Andorinhas , Alto Colina, próximo estrada para Santa Cruz do Araguaia, 5 August 2010, E. da S. Leal 289 (NY!); Piauí: 1839, Gardner 2754 (K); Floriano, Entre Floriano e Jerumenha, –7.31, –43.04, 26 April 1984, J.L.

A REVISION OF THE GENUS SYAGRUS

Phytotaxa 294 (1) © 2017 Magnolia Press • 57 de S. Lima 81 ( HTSA!); Jerumenha, road Jerumenha / Bertolínia ca. 44 km SW of Jerumenha, 400–500 m, –7.25, – 43.75, 19 August 1994, L.R. Noblick 4955 ( FTG!, TEPB!); Landri Sales , Próximo a Marcos Parente , –7.20, –44.33, 21 November 1985, J.L. de S. Lima 62 ( HTSA); Teruminha , 21 November 1985, J.L. de S. Lima s.n. ( HTSA); Uruçuí, E of road to Bertolínia / Uruçuí ca. 22 km NE of Bertolínia, 400–500 m, –7.42, –44.33, 19 August 1994, L.R. Noblick 4957 ( FTG!, TEPB!); Tocantins : Barreira da Cruz, A 10 km da Barreira da Cruz, que fica próximo a cidade de Pium, 12 June 1974, J.A Rizzo 9869 ( UFG!); Mateiros , APA do Jalapão-Saída para São Félix , 504 m, – 10.54, –46.43, Caxambu s.n. ( HCF); Mateiros; Cachoeira do Formiga , 463 m, –10.33, –46.47,16 June 2002, A.O. Scariot 632 ( CEN); Monte de Carmo , estrada para Ponte Alta do Tocantins , ca. 10 km de Monte de Carmo, –10.77, –48.04, 18 July 200, V.C. Souza et al. 24149 ( ESA!); Palmas, Serra do Lageado Córrego Brejão , –10.00, –48.22, 15 April 1994, I.V. Lima 364 ( HEPH); Recursolândia, Folha SC-23-V-A. Bacía Tocantins , Sub-bacía do Rio Manuel Alves Grande (T-14, area 1, pto 4), 368 m, –8.71, –47.09, 26 March 2010, P.C.A. Oliveira et al. 1847 ( IBGE, UB!); Ribeirão Grande , 5 km N of Tocantinópolis on road to Pará mun. Tocantinópolis, –6.33, –47.42, 21 Nov1993. M.J. Balick et al. 3714 (UB!); Rio Sono , Folha SC-23-U-C, Bacia do Tocantins , sub-bacia do Rio Peridida (T-12, área 4, pto 5), 287 m, –9.40, –47.53, 28 March 2010, F.C.R. Oliviera et al. 1885 (UB!) .

Figures

FIGURE 13. Distribution maps of Syagrus cataphracta, S. cearensis, S. cerqueirana, S. cocoides and S. comosa.

FIGURE 18. Syagrus comosa. A. Habit near Jerumenha, Piauí (Noblick 4955). B. Larger tree near Chapada dos Guimarães, Mato Grosso (Noblick & Lorenzi 5638). C. Stem with leaf sheaths. D. Stem. E. Infructescence with a few yellow mature fruits near Brasilia, Distrito Federal. F. Inflorescence with pistillate flowers. G. Inflorescence with opening staminate flowers. H. Shorter palm from Goiás, just north of Brasilia, DF.