Syagrus inajai (Spruce) Beccari (1916: 467)

Noblick, Larry R., 2017, A revision of the genus Syagrus (Arecaceae), Phytotaxa 294 (1), pp. 448-450 : 448-450

28. Syagrus inajai (Spruce) Beccari (1916: 467) . Maximiliana inajai Spruce (1869: 163) . Cocos inajai (Spruce) Trail (1877: 79) . Calappa inajai (Spruce ex Trail) Kuntze (1891: 982) . Type:— BRAZIL. Amazon: Rio Negro, Spruce 83 (K!)

Cocos aequatorialis Barbosa Rodrigues (1875: 38). Syagrus aequatorialis (Barb.Rodr.) Barbosa Rodrigues (1879: 33). Type:—none designated, a superfluous substitute name for Maximiliana inajai .

Cocos speciosa Barbosa Rodrigues (1875: 38). Syagrus speciosa (Barb.Rodr.) Barbosa Rodrigues (1879: 49). Calappa specio sa (Barb.Rodr.) Kuntze (1891: 982). Lectotype (designated by Glassman [1972b: 94]):— BRAZIL. Ad fluvious Capim et Pixuna. Barbosa Rodrigues (1907) t. 24, fig. B, 1907.

Cocos chavesiana Barbosa Rodrigues (1887: 445). Syagrus chavesiana (Barb.Rodr.) Barbosa Rodrigues (1888: 52). Type:— BRAZIL. Amazonas, Manaos [sic], Barbosa Rodrigues s.n. (FI).

Figure 40 plate, Figure 38 map.

Medium to tall, solitary palm. Stem ca. 3–15 m × 5–15 cm, smooth. Leaves 6–15; sheathing leaf base ca. 15–75 cm long; pseudopetiole 22–150 cm long; petiole 0–4 × 1.5–3.5 cm, 1.3–2.0 cm thick; rachis (130–) 160–390 cm long, pseudopetiole and rachis are brown tomentose; leaflets slightly lighter on the abaxial surface, (50–)68–110 along one side, in clusters of 2–5(–7), inserted at various angles, giving the leaf a plumose appearance, no ramenta scales or tomentum present where the leaflets are inserted on the rachis nor along the abaxial midvein, cross veins are distinctly raised, very visible on the upper or adaxial surface; basal leaflets (20–)47–106 × 0.3–1.4 cm, middle leaflets 43–85 × 2.5–4.0 cm, apical leaflets 10–35 × 0.1–0.8 cm with an asymmetric tip. Inflorescence erect to

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NOBLICK pendulous, spirally branched; prophyll (20–)47–60 × 3–3.5 cm; peduncular bract 75–130 cm long, expanded portion 50–70(–80) × 9–11 cm, including a 1–2.5 cm beak, 10–17 cm perimeter, 3–8 mm thickness, narrow, woody, sulcate, exterior with scattered thin waxy indument; peduncle ca. 40–82 × 1.0– 1.9 cm, 0.7–1.1 cm thick, elliptical in cross-section, glabrous on the upper portion, but scaly on the lower; inflorescence axis 34–68 cm long; rachis (6–) 12–30 cm long; rachillae (6–)14–47, 6–45 cm long at the apex, 22–60 cm long at the base, glabrous; staminate flowers 5–7 mm long at the apex, 7–9 × 4–6 mm at the base, green to yellow, sepals 1–1.5 × less than 1 mm, glabrous, no visible nerves, petals 7–9 × 2–3(–5) mm at the base with acute tips, nerves indistinct, stamens 4– 5 mm long, anthers 2.5–4 mm long, filaments 2 mm long, pistillode less than 1 mm long; basal pistillate flowers conical to rounded, 5–8 × 5–7 mm, yellow, glabrous, sepals 5–7 × 4–6 mm, glabrous with indistinct venation, slightly keeled, petals 5–7 × 4–6 mm, glabrous, visibly nerved, valvate tips ca. 1/3 the length of the petal, ca. 2 mm long, pistil 4–5 × 2–3.5 mm, glabrous, stigmas 1–2 mm long, glabrous, staminodal ring ca. 1–2 mm high, 6- dentate. Fruit ellipsoid, 3.2–4.5(–5.5) × 2.5–3 cm, yellow when mature, glabrous, epicarp less than 0.5 mm thick, mesocarp 1–2 mm thick, succulent and fibrous; endocarp ellipsoid, ca. 3 × 2.1–2.2 cm, 2–6 mm thick; seed ellipsoid, ca. 1.5–2 × 1–1.3 mm, endosperm homogeneous. Germination remote-tubular.

Common name:— curua rana, guariroba, pupunharana, pupunha-brava, pupunha-de-porco, pupunha-rana, pirima, piririma, inaja-y, jara-rana, jariva ( Brazil); peh-peh ( Surinam); churruai, churrubay, yay-pepe, saray, pupuña silvestre, maiz-pepe ( Colombia); feuille-chasseur (French Guyana, immature form only ).

Etymology:— The specific epithet, inajai , is one of the indigenous names of this palm.

Distribution and habitat:— In Brazil, this palm is distributed in Amapá, Maranhão, Pará, Roraima and Amazonas, in tropical forest of terra firme and gallery forests, and in areas of low elevation swamp. It also grows in French Guiana and Suriname. Various references ( Govaerts et al. 2016, Henderson et al. 1995) cite S. inajai from Guyana, but to date no specimens have been found in any of the major herbaria.

Conservation:— This species is widely distributed and is well protected in various preserves in Brazil and French Guiana. Therefore, it is not considered to be threatened and is classified as least concern, LC.

Phenology:— Fruits in the summer.

Uses:— Its seeds are edible, and its leaves are employed locally as thatch. The species possesses ornamental attributes that justify its cultivation in landscaping in tropical regions.

Notes:— This is a small-trunked, common Syagrus of the Amazon region. Raised cross veins on the leaflets, yellow fruit, and a triangular nut cavity (in cross-section) are distinguishing characters. The raised transverse veins are especially noticeable on dried specimens, which usually dry dark green.

Representative specimens:— BRAZIL. Amapa: Macapá, Road from Cupixi to rio Vila Nova , 13.6 km SSW of Cupixi, 0.53, –51.87, 5 January 1985, S. A. Mori 17709 ( NY!) ; Mazagão, BR 156, road under construction which will connect Macapá with Monte Dourado, 81 km WSW of Macapá, ca. 11 km SW of Rio Preto , –0.13, – 51.80, 20 December 1984, S. A. Mori 17466 ( NY!) ; Amazonas: Borba , 3 km Sul de Borba, –4.39, –59.59, 15 May 1995, F. Kahn 3589 ( CEN!) ; Careiro, Sítio de Pesquisa PPBio, BR-319-M02_TN_0500 (forest plot, Módulo 02, Trilha Norte 0500), 42 m, –3.48, –59.88, 1 January 2010, Emili & Moulatlet 501 ( INPA) ; Manaus, Reserva Florestal Ducke ,–3.10, –60.03, 1 January 1967, Albuquerque & Elias 10 ( INPA) ; Manaus, Reserva Florestal Ducke Mata de terra firme, solo arenoso, –3.10, –60.03, 1 January 1967, Albuquerque & Elias 67/3 ( INPA) ; Manaus, AM-10, Sítio Araçatuba. Espécie presente na capoeira do relevé n o 13, –3.10, –60.03, 1 January 1983, A. de Castro 602 ( INPA) ; Manaus, Rio Urubú , Reflorestadora Ajuricaba. M Mata de terra frime, na parte baixa da ladeira, quase chegando no igarapé, –3.10, –60.03, 1 January 1983, A. de Castro 604 ( INPA) ; Manaus, igarapé do Parque 10 de Novembro, –3.10, –60.03, 1 January 1955, L.F. Coêlho s.n. ( INPA) ; Manaus, Ducke Reserve, km 26 Manaus-Itacoatiara Hwy. Transect 5, 80 m, –3.00, –59.97, 16 January 1990, A.H. Gentry & J. Revilla 69193 ( MO, NY!) ; Manaus, Vivienda Verde. Igapo , –3.13, –60.02, 1 January 1985, A.J. Henderson et al. 185 ( INPA) ; Manaus, Cidade Nova, near Conjunto Manoa , –3.10, –60.03, 30 July 1986, A.J. Henderson 634 ( INPA, NY) ; Manaus, Manaus, 60 km N of city on road to Caracarai , then 3 km E on ZF1, –3.10, –60.03, 4 August 1986, A.J. Henderson & Nascimento 644 ( INPA, NY!) ; Manaus, Reserva Ducke, Near Manaus on road to Itacoatiara , 1 January 1989, A.J. Henderson & A.O. Scariot 1157 ( INPA, NY!) ; Manaus, Rerseve km 60 ZF 2, km 38 in The reserve, –3.10, –60.03, 1 January 1981, F. Kahn 601 ( INPA) ; Manaus, Parque A. Duque, on Manaus-Itacoatira road, 15 March 1967, H.E. Moore 9528 ( BH, NY!) ; Manaus, Manaus- Itacoatiara Highway, Reserva florestal Ducke , km 26, 1 January 1966, G.T. Prance & Pena 2157 ( INPA) ; Manaus, Campus do INPA, próximo ao Herbário Originaria de lugares arenoso, –3.10, –60.03, 1 January 1983, Silva & Coêlho s.n. ( INPA) ; Manaus, Campus do INPA, Coletada defronte à Secretaria de

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Pós-Graduação-INPA, –3.10, –60.03, 1 January 2003, Souza & Oliveira s.n. (INPA); Manaus, Alto, Amazonas, –3.10, –60.03, 5 July 1982, P. Schwacke 4054 (RB!); Manaus, –3.10, –60.03, 15 July 1982, P. Schwacke 4059 (RB!); Manaus, Reserva Florestal Ducke. Manaus-Itacoatiara, km 26. Porçao Nordeste da Reserva, vale do Igarapé do Tinga, –2.88, –59.97, 28 April 1994, A. Vicentini et al. 522, 523 (NY!, INPA); Presidente Figueiredo, Rebio Uatumã, grade do PPBio, –1, –59, without date, Carvalho-Sobrinho et al. 1677 (INPA); Tocantins, River basin, 30 km S of Tururuí. understory of terra firme forest, plateau, 1 January 1981, F. Kahn 604 (INPA); Amazonas, Margem direita do Rio Tocantins. Mata de terra firme nas proximidades de obras U.H.T., 11 December 1983, M.F.F. da Silva et al. 256 (INPA, MG!); Amazonas, BDFF Reserve km 41, 64 km N of Manaus on BR-174 and then 41 km E on ZF-3, 21 August 1989, A.J. Henderson et al. 1046 (INPA, NY!); Amazonas, North bank of Rio Negro, 20 km above Rio Taruma, 2 February 1974, G. T. Prance 20198 (NY); Amazonas, Manaus, Rio Jara, 24 July 1875, J.W.H. Trail 1122 (K, P!); Maranhão: Monçao, Ka'apor Indian Reserve, –3.49, –45.25, 10 May 1986, W. L. Balée 2303 (NY); Santa Luzia, 1–2 km NE of Buriticupu along BR-222, 100–200 m, –3.96, –45.66, 4 September 1994, L.R. Noblick 4970 (FTG!, NY!); Pará: Altamira, 3 km into forest at km 20 of BR 230, south of Altamira, 31 October 1977, M.J. Balick et al. 909 (F!, INPA, MG!, NY!); Barcarena, H. Lorenzi et al. 5042 (HPL!); Belem, ecological research plot of J.M. Pires, Instituto Agronomico do Norte, 21 March 1967, H.E. Moore 9556 (IAN!); Belem, Pupunharana, IAN, mata da semaria, December 1952, J.M. Pires 4425 (IAN!, US!); Belem, Mocambo, IPEAN: Reserva Mocambo, 19 April 1967, J.M. Pires 10196, 10198 (IAN!); Belem, Mocambo, Quadra 10–26, 25 December 1968, J.M. Pires 1999, 10198 (IAN!); Faro, São Jorge , Rio Jamundã, 10 November 1950, G.A. Black & P. Ledoux 50-10689 (IAN!); Marabá, Reserva Florestal da Companhia Vale do Rio Doce, 53 km SW of the city, 50–100 m, –5.37, –49.12, 14 October 1994, L.R. Noblick 5014 (FTG!, NY!); Nazare dos Patos, Nazarthe dos Patos , [Rio] Tocantins, 28 April 1924, J.G. Kuhlmann 2099 (RB!); Oriximiná, Rio Trombetas, margem esquerda do lago Erepecu, –1.77, –55.87, 16 July 1980, C.A. Cid Ferreira 1555 (NY!); Sebastiao de Boa Vista, on river Pracuubamirim, ca. 1 hour by boat upstream from São Sebastião de Boa Vista , Island of Marajó. Sítio campo, property of Manuel do Nascimento, Dona Casimira Cena do Nascimento, 20 October 1984, J. J. Strudwick 4673 (NY!, US!); Tapojos region, Bôa Vista, 1932, Capucho 524 (F!); Tocantins, 1907, J.G. Kuhlmann s.n. (F-611586); Tucuruí, Lower Tocantins River basin, Near Tucuruí Undertory terra firme forest, 1 January 1981, F. Kahn, 593 (INPA); Tucuruí, Lower Tocantins River basin, 30 km south of Tucuruí. In understory of terra firme forest, 1 January 1981, F. Kahn 602 (INPA); Tucuruí, PA-149, –3.77, –49.67, 5 October 1983, J. Revilla 8575 (NY); Tucuruí, Margem do lago do Cagancho, –3.77, –49.67, 13 October 1983, J. Revilla 8653 (NY); Ilha de Marajó, Rio Gipurú, a tributary of the Rio Anajas, –0.25, –50.50, 23 October 1987, H.T. Beck & S. Souza 165 (INPA, NY!); Rio Mapuá, Canta Galo, 18 July 1950, G.A. Black et al. 50-9867 (IAN!, UB!); Sitio Campina, on river Pracuubamirim, ca. 1 hour by boat upstream; Região do Anapú, Rio Pracupí, Portel, 9 July 1956, R. de L. Fróes 32849 (IAN); km 204 da Rodovia Belém-Brasília, 31 May 1960, E. Oliveira 849 (IAN!); Rio Capim, Apoaga, 17 June 1897, J. Huber 741 (MG!); Rio Aramá, Rio Negor, Jatahy, 3 March 1900, J. Huber 1887 (MG!); Roraima: Caracaraí, Próximo a Vila de Caicubi, –1.02, –62.08, 8 November 2003, J.G. Soler A. 302 (RB); FRENCH GUIANA. Cayenne: Second sommet à 1 km Ouest de la DZ naturelle, 3–4 km ENE du Grand Croissant, bassin de l'Oyapock, 130–290 m, 4 December 1983, G. Cremers 8293 (CAY!); Savane Roche de Virginie-Bassin de l'Approuague, 70 m, 11 February 1991, G. Cremers & P. Petronelli 11839 (CAY!, NY); Savane Roche du Quatorze Juillet-Bassin du Bas-Oyapock, 50 m, 16 April 1991, G. Cremers 12210 (CAY!, NY); Haut Oyapock: Takawana, au Nord en grande forêt, Basin de l’Oyapock, 500 m, 18 March 1975, J.-J. de Granville 5242 (CAY!, P!); Mont Belvedere de la Haut Camopi, Basin de la Camopi, 30 November 1984, J.-J. de Granville 7086 (CAY!, F!, US, P!); D.Z. 5-Route Régina-Saint-Georges, Bassin de l'Approuague, 100 m, 24 November 1995, J.-J. de Granville & G. Cremers 13106 (CAY!); 1845, Mélinon (P!); Montsinery: Carrefour du Gallion km Post 19 Rt Nacional 2, Emerald Jungle Village, where N2 intersects with the road to Montsinery, the EJV forest trail, ca. 12 m, 4.78, –52.42, 25 April 2012, L.R. Noblick 5596 (CAY!, FTG!); Regina: Savane Roche la Virgenie, on the trail a few km south of km 118 on Route Nacional 2, ca 61 m, 4.19, –52.15, 1 May 2012, L.R. Noblick 5609 (CAY!, FTG!); Crique Cabaret 1, Bassin de l’Oyapock, 25 km de L'embouchure terrain accidenté, 26 January 1966, R.A.A. Oldeman 1951 (CAY!, NY, P!, U!); Fleuve Oyapock, Crique Sikini, Bassin de l’Oyapock, premier Camp, 19 July 1969, B. Oldeman 2479 (CAY!, P!); Basse crique Courouaïe (affluente Basse Approuague), 12 January 1970, R.A.A. Oldeman 2716 (CAY!, P!, U!); St. Laurent du Maroni: Saül, Lieu-Dit Eaux Claires, Région de Saül, 13 December 1970, J.-J. de Granville 694 (CAY! U!); Saül, Commune de Saül, Région de Saül, 1983, J.-J. de Granville & F. Kahn 5408 (CAY!); Saül and vicinity. Route de Bélizon, ca. 1/ 4 km south of Eaux Claires, S.V.

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Phytotaxa 294 (1) © 2017 Magnolia Press • 115 Heald & R. Yahr 60 ( NY) ; Saül: Eau Claire: Track to Eau Claire from Saül , ca. 7 km N of Saül, ca. 242 m, 3.66, – 53.22, 3 May 2012, L.R. Noblick & J. Moonen 5612 ( CAY!, FTG!) ; Saül. Vicinity of Eaux Claires, on Route de Belizón , to 2 km S of Eaux Claires, 8 November 1992, S.A. Mori et al. 22846 ( NY) ; Saül and vicinity. Route de Bélizon, between Eaux Claires and entrance to Grand Bouef Mort Trail , 21 September 1995, S.A. Mori et al. 24162 ( NY) ; Rivière Petite Ouaqui = "Saut Baille Nom" Rive gauche [Rivière Waki, Bassin de la Waki], 16 July 1973, J.- J. de Granville 1835 ( CAY!, NY, P!, U!); Camp 4 Monpé Soula-Bassin du Marouini [Haut-Marcuini], 300 m, 5 km to the w, 31 August 1987, J.-J. de Granville et al. 9913 ( CAY!, US); Pedra Alice, 1 kilometer south of Pedra Alice , 18 August 1960, H.S. Irwin et al. 47632 ( NY) ; SURINAM. Sipaliwini: Palaima Creek, tributary of Sipaliwini River , 0–100 m, 22 February 1963, J.G. Wessels Boer 702 (F!, U!); Paloemeu airstrip [3.35, –55.43], 17 April 1963, J.G. Wessels Boer 1328 ( NY, U!); Sipaliwini savanna area on Brazilian frontier, 22 January 1970, F.H.F. Oldenburger et al. 1125 (U!) .

Figures

FIGURE 38. Distribution maps of Syagrus harleyi, S. hoehnei, S. inajai, S. insignis, S. itacambirana, S. itapebiensis and S. kellyana.

FIGURE 40. Syagrus inajai. A. Habit near Buriticupu, Maranhão, Brazil (Noblick 4970). B. Stem. C. Canopy of palm near Montsinery, Cayenne, French Guiana (Noblick 5596). D. Leaves near Saül, French Guiana (Noblick & Moonen 5612). E. Close up dried leaves showing raised cross-veins. F. Infructescence (Noblick 5596). G. Fruits. H. Cross-section of fruit showing triangular interior of the endocarp and triangular-shaped dried seed to the right (Noblick 5014). Grid is in centimeters.