Syagrus flexuosa (Mart.) Beccari (1916: 466)

Noblick, Larry R., 2017, A revision of the genus Syagrus (Arecaceae), Phytotaxa 294 (1), pp. 448-450 : 448-450

20. Syagrus flexuosa (Mart.) Beccari (1916: 466) . Cocos flexuosa Martius (1826: 120) . Calappa flexuosa (Mart.) Kuntze (1891: 982) . Lectotype (designated by Dahlgren 1959, plate 382:— BRAZIL. without locality, without date, Martius s.n. (M! [F neg. 18567])

Figure 28 plate, Figure 29 map.

Small to moderate, usually clustered, but sometimes solitary, unarmed, palms. Stem 1–5 m × (2–)6–15(–20) cm, erect to arching, dark gray, with leaf scar intervals ca. 2–3 cm long, usually obscured by persistent petiole bases. Leaves 7–15(–20), spirally arranged, spreading; sheathing leaf base (15–) 28–35 cm long, fibrous; pseudopetiole, 60–100 cm long with fibrous margins; petiole 3.5–21(–34) × 0.8–1.5 cm; rachis (48–)60–106(–113) cm long; leaflets green above, paler green beneath, (38–)77–182 along one side, irregularly distributed in clusters of 2–4(– 10) in divergent planes; no ramenta scales or tomentum present where the leaflets are inserted on the rachis but a few brownish ramenta along the proximal portion of the abaxial midvein; basal leaflets 16–45 × 0.2–1.1 cm, middle leaflets (15–)18–47 × 0.5–2.0 cm, apical leaflets 6.0–28 × 0.2–1.4 cm mostly with acuminate, asymmetric tips. Inflorescence erect or pendulous, unilaterally branched; prophyll 15–34 × 2–3.5 cm; peduncular bract ca. 40– 83 cm long, expanded portion 15–48 × (1.2–) 2–8.5 cm, bearing a 0.5–3.5(–5) cm beak, perimeter not measured, woody, sulcate, glaucous, with patches of light brown tomentum, becoming green and glabrous with age; peduncle ca. (11–)15–35(–46) × 0.4–1.4 cm, somewhat elliptical in cross-section; inflorescence axis (10–) 15–44 cm long; rachis (6–) 10–26 cm long; rachillae (5–)8–31, (8–)13–27(–39) cm long at the base, (4–) 7–19 cm long at the apex, each rachilla, especially lower ones, subtended by a bract 0–7 mm long; staminate flowers (5–) 7–9 mm long at the apex, 9–18 × 3–5 mm at the base, yellow, sepals 1–2 × (<1–) 2–3.5 mm, glabrous, nerves none to obscurely visible, petals 8.5–16 × 2.5–4.5 mm at the base, 5–10 mm long at the apex, with acute to acuminate tips, glabrous, nerves indistinct to obscurely visible at the base, stamens 3.2–6.5 mm long, anthers 2.5–4.8 mm long, filaments dorsifixed 1–5 mm long, pistillode 1–1.5 mm or less; pistillate flowers elongate pyramidal, dark yellow, 13–22 × 5–10 mm, sepals 13–21 × 5–8(–9) mm, glabrous to scaly lepidote on the lower

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NOBLICK portion at least, no visible veins to slightly raised veins, petals 11–19 × (3–) 4–7.5 mm, short tomentose, with slightly raised veins, valvate tips ¼–1/3 the length of the petal, ca. 3–8 mm long, pistil 7.5–16 × 3–4.5(–6) mm, light brown tomentose, stigmas 5 mm long, staminodal ring 0.5–1.5 mm high. Fruit ellipsoid, 3.0–5.5 × 1.5–3.0 cm, persistent perianth (cupule) light tan, 15 mm wide, 13–15 mm deep, ring 2 mm in height, epicarp smooth, glabrous or with patchy brown tomentum, green to yellowish-green when mature, less than 0.5 mm thick, mesocarp 2–9 mm thick, whitish, sweet, succulent and fibrous; endocarp bony, brown, trivittate, 2.6–4.0 × 1.1–1.6 cm, 3–4 mm thick on the sides, 5–7 mm thick at the ends, with fibers present, scattered; seeds ellipsoid, 2.0 × 0.8 cm, endosperm homogeneous. Germination remote-tubular.

Common name:— acumão, acumã, acunã, ariri, côco-ariri, côco-de-ariri, côco-babão, côco-de-campo, coqueiro-do-campo, côco-de-raposa, côco-da-serra, côco-de-vaqueiro, côco-da-vassoura, palmito-do-campo, palmito-amargoso.

Etymology:— The specific epithet, flexuosa , refers to the flexible nature of the tips of the rachillae.

Distribution and habitat:— Brazil and Bolivia. In Brazil, occurs in western Bahia, Goiás, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, São Paulo and Tocantins ( Lorenzi et al. 2010) and the Distrito Federal. In Bolivia it grows in the eastern part. It grows in cerrados including high elevation disjunct cerrados, woodlands and disturbed habitats in fine sandy to rocky soils.

Conservation:— This species has a broad distribution and grows in both agriculturally valuable and invaluable sites. It is found within several national parks throughout its range. Therefore it is not threatened and is classified as least concern, LC.

Phenology:— Flowers and fruits year around, but flowering appears to peak between November and April with fruiting in July to October.

Uses:— This palm is used as an ornamental in landscaping, especially in Brasília and throughout the Distrito Federal. The fruits are edible .

Notes:— Syagrus flexuosa is a small- to medium-sized, clustering species and is easily distinguished from other Syagrus species by its large 2 cm long pistillate flowers, large ellipsoid fruit, unilaterally arranged rachillae, dark green leaves with narrow clustered leaflets or pinnae that are more or less membranaceous in texture with pendulous tips. It is one of the few Syagrus species that has clustering, above-ground stems. Other clustering Syagrus with above-ground stems include S. campestris , S. cataphracta , S. deflexa , S. ruschiana and S. cearensis .

For a time, S. campestris was erroneously synonymized with S. flexuosa ( Glassman 1969, 1987), but S. campestris is a smaller palm with wider, thicker and more rigid leaflets, and its leaflet anatomical cross-sections show that it contains many more adaxial fiber strands than S. flexuosa . In fact, adaxial fiber strands may be lacking altogether in many specimens of S. flexuosa .

At least two other species of Syagrus have been mistakenly identified as S. flexuosa . One is Syagrus deflexa , easily distinguished by its strongly, deflexed leaflets. Its inflorescences have branched rachillae that are spirally arranged and not unilaterally arranged as in S. flexuosa (except in younger plants). One other species that is commonly misidentified as S. flexuosa grows in the Chapada Diamantina region of central Bahia from Caetité northward to Palmeiras. It is both morphologically and anatomically different has been renamed Syagrus cataphracta . It is a distinct species with bluish-green leaflets that are neither pendulous nor deflexed, with a white waxy bloom on the abaxial surface of the leaves. It is a smaller palm with thinner stems, and its leaflet anatomy is very distinct from S. flexuosa with large clustering fiber bundles in the adaxial surface of the leaflet and a large vascular bundle with an exaggerated sheath of fibers in the margin of the leaflets.

Representative specimens:— BRAZIL. Bahia: Baianópolis, 14 km S of the village of Cocos on the road to Inhumas, cerrado vegetation, 705 m, –12.30, –44.53, 15 October 1988, L.R. Noblick & J.L. de S. Lima 4626 (CEPEC!, HTSA!, F!); Cocos , A mais ou menos 10 km de Coribe/ Cocos , –44.81, –14.42, 22 March 1986, J.L. de S. Lima 68a (HTSA!); Côcos , 31 km W of Côcos on road to Serra da Suçuarana, Riacho do Meio, place called Samambaia, 600 m, –14.17, –44.55, 20 October 1988, L.R. Noblick & J.L. de S. Lima 4653 (F!, HTSA!, MO!); Correntina, Após a 7 km de Inhumas p/ Correntina, –13.14, –45.29, 15 Oct1988, J.L. de S. Lima 105 (HTSA!); Correntina, A 16 km de Correntina na estrada p/ Inhumas, –13.29, –45.23, 15 October 1988, J.L. de S. Lima 109a (HTSA!); Correntina, 16 km N of Correntina on road to Inhumas, 650 m, –13.29, –45.23, 15 October 1988, L.R. Noblick & J.L. de S. Lima 4630 (HTSA!, F!); Cristópolis, Cantinho, –12.42, –44.64, 20 March 1986, J.L. de S. Lima 70 (HTSA!, IPA!); Cristópolis, Riacho do Sal, 9 km E of Cristópolis on BR 242, 680 m, –12.23, –44.42, 13 October 1988, L.R. Noblick & J.L. de S. Lima 4619 (BAH!, HTSA!, F!); Jaborandi, 12 km S of the Rio Arrojado on

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Phytotaxa 294 (1) © 2017 Magnolia Press • 81 road, Correntina/Jaborandi, 600 m, –13.53, –44.28, 17 October 1988, L.R. Noblick & J.L. de S. Lima 4632 (BAH!, CEPEC!, F!, FTG!, HTSA!, NY!, RB!), 4633 (CEPEC!, HTSA!, F!, FTG!); São Desidério , 8 km W of São Desidério on road to Sítio Grande, 660 m, –12.37, –44.97, 24 October 1988, L.R. Noblick & J.L. de S. Lima 4661 (CEPEC!, F!, FTG!, HTSA!, NY!); São Desidério, A mais ou menos 8 km na estrada p/ Sítio Grande, –12.64, – 45.64, 24 October 1988, J.L. de S. Lima 134a (HTSA!); Suçuarana, 31 km de Cocos Oeste na estrada para, Suçuarana. Riacho do Meio-Samambaia, –14.29, –45.45, J.L. de S. Lima 130a (HTSA!); Distrito Federal: Brasília, Parque Nacional de Brasília, –15.78, –47.93, January 2000, T.L.S. Abreu 74 (UB!); Brasília, Centro Olímpico da Universidade de Brasília, –15.77, –47.86, 25 January 2006, Andrade et al. 12 (UB!); Brasília, Campus da Universidade de Brasília, –15.78, –47.93, 23 February 1965, R. P. Belém 466, 467 (BH, CEPEC!, UB!); Brasília; Parque Nacional de Brasília, 1109 m, –15.72, –47.97, 2 July 2006, C.A. Faria et al. 167 (CEN, UB!); Brasília, Sobradinho, –15.78, –47.93, 26 February 1965, R. P. Belém 493 (CEPEC!, UB!); Brasília, 10 km SE of Brasília, 1976, S.F. Glassman & G. Eiten 13051, 13053 (F!); Brasília, 10 km from lake bridge, near IBGE, 200 m along power-line, 800–1200 m, –15.48, –47.32, 17 May 1970, R. Goodland 4332 (UB!); Brasília, Parque Nacional de Brasiliia, SD 23-YC, –15.67, –47.97, 27 September 1979, J.G. Guimaraes 686 (HBR!); Brasília, Fazenda Água Limpa, –15.78, –47.93, 3 August 1981, M. Haridasan 31 (UB!); Brasília, Planaltina, CPAC , August 1982, M. Haridasan 340 (UB!); Brasília, Fazenda Água Limpa, –15.78, –47.91, 12 December 1983, M. Haridasa 425 (UB!); Brasília, Fazenda Água Limpa, –15.78, –47.91, 7 May 1984, M. Haridasa MH 497 (UB!); Brasília, Reserva Ecológica do IBGE-Picada R-5, cerrado, –15.78, –47.93, 20 September 1977, E.P. Heringer et al. 77 (NY, UEC!, US); Brasília, Reserva Ecológica do IBGE. Picada R-4, –15.78, –47.93, 20 February 1978, E.P. Heringer 344 (NY); Brasília, Bacia do Rio São Bartolomeu , –15.78, –47.93, 18 January 1980, E.P. Heringer 3132 (MG!, NY); Brasília, margem direita do Rio São Bartolomeu , 15 January 1980, Heringer et al. 3155 (MG!); Brasília, Bacia do Rio S. Bartolomeu, –15.78, –47.93, 26 February 1980, E.P. Heringer 3554 (NY, US); Brasília, –15.78, –47.93, 2 May 1965, E.P. Heringer 10408 (NY!, UB!); Brasília, Rio São Bartolomeu , 22 April 1965, E.P. Heringer 10356 (UB!); Brasília, Plano Piloto, –15.78, –47.93, 15 February 1966, E.P. Heringer 11006 (UB!); Brasília, Reserva Ecologica do I.B.G.E., 11 February 1982, E.P. Heringer 18329 (MO!, US!); Brasília, Chapada da Contagem, ca. 20 km E of Brasília, 700–1000 m, –15.78, –47.93, 19 August 1964, H.S. Irwin 5296 (NY!, UB, US); Brasília, Corrego Covanças, near Chapada da Contagem, ca. 22 km N.E. of Brasília, 1000 m, –15.78, –47.93, 11 January 1966, H.S. Irwin 11578 (BH, NY!, U); Brasília, 3 km ao S de Sobradinho, 1000 m, –15.78, –47.93, 1 May 1966, H.S. Irwin 15458 (BH, NY!, UB, US); Brasília, ca. 2 km E of Lago Paranoá, DF-6, 1000 m, –15.78, –47.93, 26, 26 February 1970, H.S. Irwin et al. 26637 (MO, NY!, RB, UB, US); Brasília, Centro Olímpico da Universidade de Brasília, – 15.77, –47.86, 18 September 2007, M.P. Kuhlmann 4 (UB!); Brasília, Reserva Ecológica do IBGE, 1100 m, – 15.95, –47.88, 30 September 2004, C. Lima (HCF); Brasília, Fazenda Palmas. Próximo ao Rio das Palmas. APA de Cafuringa, –15.78, –47.93, 23 December 1998, R.C. Martins 221 (UB!); Brasilia, Sobradinho, 29 October 1986, J.P.F. Melo s.n. (UB!); Brasília, Fazenda Água Limpa, –15.92, –47.91, 2 September 2002, R.C. Mendonça 4911 (UB!); Brasília, 411 e 412, L2 Norte, –15.78, –47.93, 21 June 2004, J.M.S. Monteiro s.n. (UB!); Brasília, Universidade de Brasília, –15.77, –47.87, 3 August 1981, E.A. Nascimento 17 (UB!); Brasília, near CENARGEN just N of town. 1100 m, –15.78, –47.92, 1 May 1992, L.R. Noblick 4858 (FTG!, UB!, UFG!); Brasília, Fazendinha Agua Limpa; study area of the University of Brasília, 1140 m, –15.78, –47.93, 7 February 1996, L.R. Noblick 5108 (NY!, UB!); Brasília, Estação Ecológica de Aguas Emendadas, 1 October 1982, P.E.A.M. de Oliveira 116 (HEPH); Brasília, Reserva Biológica do Jardim Botânico, –15.87, –47.85, 1 January 1993, C.E.B. Proença 878 (UB!); Brasília, Fazenda Água Limpa (Campo Experimental da UnB); –15.97, –47.92, 1 October 1993, C.E.B. Proença 963 (UB!); Brasília, Fazenda Água Limpa (Univ. of Brasília field station), near Vargem Bonita, c. 18 km SSW of Brasília TV tower, –15.78, –47.93, J.A. Ratter 3642 (UB!); Brasília, Reserva Ecologica do IBGE, –15.95, –47.87, 1 January 2001, M.A. Silva 5071 (UB!); Brasília, –15.74, –47.89, November 2000, A.P. Silva 133 (UB!); Brasília, ARIE do Cerradão, ARIE do Cerradão, –15.85, –47.82, 6 November 2007, J.S. Silva & P.S. Carvalho 191 (UB!); Brasília, ARIE do Cerradão, ARIE do Cerradão, –15.85, –47.82, 27 February 2008, J.S. Silva et al. 383 (UB!); Brasília, BR-020 Planaltina, –15.78, –47.93, 30 March 1995, J.C.S. Silva 819 (UB!); Brasília, Universidade de Brasília, –15.78, –47.93, Taxonomy Class of Universidade de Brasília 1342 (UB!); Brasília, Centro Olímpico, Campus da Universidade de Brasília. Reserva de Cerrado do Centro Olímpico, 1050 m, –15.75, –47.90, 17 June 2008, Zanella, et al. 22 (UB!); Catetinho, 6 January 1982, B. Pereira 160 ( US); Gama, Parque Recreativo e Reserva Ecológica do Gama, 850 m, –16.05, –48.05, 25 January 2001, B.M. Gomes et al. 210 (UB!); Distrito Federal, Águas Emendadas, 40 km NE of Brasília, divide between drainages of Rio La Plata and Rio Amazonas, 21

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January 1978, A.H. Gentry 21431 (MO!, UB!); Distrito Federal, Estação Ecológica de Águas Emendadas, –15.58, –47.58, without date, G. Gottsberger 11-170998 (UB!); Distrito Federal, Córrego Capão da Onça. 9 July 1979, E.P. Heringer et al. 1780 (MO!, US); Distrito Federal, N of Corrego do Cupim, –15.55, –48.17, 4 November 1982, J.H. Kirkbride 4954 ( US); Distrito Federal, near Cabeça de Veado, Escola Fazendária, –15.87, –47.82, 29 September 1980, M.D. Rivera 80-442 (UB!); Distrito Federal, near Cabeça de Veado, Escola Fazendária, 1150 m, –15.87, – 47.82, 23 September 1980, M.D. Rivera 80-536 (UB!); Distrito Federal, Próximo à Escola Fazendária, 1150 m, without date, M. Haridasan 203 (UB!); Goiás: Anápolis, BR 414, saída de Anápolis para Pirenópolis, –16.22, – 48.92, 18 December 2010, R.C. Martins et al. 1108 (UB!); Caçu, UHE Salto, –18.68, –51.20, 19 April 2009, F.A.G. Guilherme et al. 1689 (HJ); Caçu, nas proximidades da Rodovia GO-260 (km 6), –18.56, –51.13, 11 April 2007, R. Tsujiet al. 1913 (HPL!); Campo Alegre, –17.20, –47.73, 850 m, 6 August 1981, E. de F. Almeida 145 (HBR!); Campo Alegre de Goiás, 6 km S of the trunoff to Pires do Rio on the BR-050, 2500 ft, –17.26, –47.77, 31 July 1997, L.R. Noblick & N. von Behr 5165 (FTG!, UB!); Chapadão do Céu, Parque Nacional das Emas-Mineiros (– 17.82 to –18.47 and –52.65 to –53.17), –18.41, –52.55, 1 November 1998, M.A. Batalha 2029 (SP); Corumbá de Goiás, 26 March 1978, E.P. Heringer et al. 17931 (CEN!) [mixed collection, leaf and older flowers are S. flexuosa ]; Corumbaíba; Margem esquerda do Rio Corumbá; capoeira à beira do rio Gameleira, 540 m, –17.80, – 48.52, 18 November 1993, G.P. Silva et al. 2024 (CEN); Corumbaíba; Margem esquerda do Rio Corumbá, –17.97, –48.57, 14 December 1993, G.P. Silva et al. 2119 (CEN); Cristalina, Serra dos Cristais. 5 km by road E of Cristalina, 1200 m, –16.77, –47.61, 5 April 1973, W.R. Anderson 8178 (BH!, FTG!, MO!, NY!, U, UB, US); Cristalina, Fda. Bela Vista, –16.77, –47.61, 14 August 1980, G. Hatschbach 43124 (MBM!, NY); Formosa; Margem esquerda da lagoa do Perta Pé, –15.98, –47.20, 26 March 2002, G.P. Silva et al. 6251 (CEN); Goiânia, Na GO M-9, para Nerópolis. 2 km da Escola Agronomia e Veterinária. Ocorre o córrego Samambaia, –16.68, –49.25, 23 May 1968, J.A. Rizzo 1038 (UFG!); Ipameri, margem esquerda do rio Corumbá, próximo à foz do rio, 600 m, 25 March 1993, G.P. Silva et al. 1292 (CEN); Jataí, Bálsamo. Margens do Rio Corrente. Capões, –17.88, –51.71, 19 July 1951, A. Macedo 3324 (SP!); Luziânia, Hidrelétrica de Corumbá III, área a ser desmatada para enchimento do reservatório, 770 m, –16.68, –48.02, 26 September 2007, C.H.G. Cezare et al. 100 (UB!); Mineiros, Parque Nacional das Emas, Jatobá, park entrance ca. 85 km SW of Mineiros on GO-341, 800–1000 m, –18.08, –53.08, 10 May 1992, L.R. Noblick & H. Ferreira 4869 (FTG!, MO!, UFG!); Mossâmedes, Reserva Biológica da Serra Dourada-Estrada para a Reserva com início no córrego Piçarrão à 300 m da estrada; 2º transecto, –16.13, –50.22, 19 July 1994, J.A. Rizzo 11543 (UFG); Niquelândia; Companhia de Níquel Tocantins-CNT. Morro na entrada, – 14.36, –48.42, 16 April 1996, F.C.A. Oliveira et al. 560 (IBGE); Niquelândia; Base (quarto inferior) da Serra Negra ; área dentro, 470 m, –14.03, –48.32, 15 April 1992, B.M.T. Walter et al. 1403 (CEN); Pirenópolis, 870 m, – 15.78, –49.13, 15 August 2002, M. Brito et al. 42 (UB!); São João da Aliança, Serra Geral do Paraná, 7 km ao Norte da estrada de São João da Aliança, 1070 m, –14.71, –47.52, 25 March 1973, W.R. Anderson 7939 (BH!, FTG!, MO!, NY!, RB, UB!); Sitio d'Abadia, ca. 5 km from town on road to Formoso-MG, 900 m, –14.81, –46.25, 3 February 1996, L.R. Noblick 5094 (CEN!, NY!); Goiás, Cabeceira do Rio Gama, 1894, A.F.M. Glaziou 22264 (C, K, P!); Goiás, Rio Costa & Pichoa, Oct–Nov 1894, A.F.M. Glaziou 22259 (P!); Goiás, Margem da Serra Velha , 1 August 1965, E.P. Heringer 10475 (NY!); Goiás, 1 January 2008, N.P. Massarotto 132 (UB!); Mato Grosso: 1 km S. of km 246, Xavantina-Cachimbo road, 12 March 1968, D. Philcox 4519 (NY!, UB!); Rio dos Baynes, S. Moore 427 (BM); Barão de Melgaço, RPPN SESC Pantanal, –16.19, –55.97, 19 April 2002, S.R. Zaniolo 264 (MBM, UPCB); Barra do Carças, 25 km from Xavantina, 13 June 1955, 600–1000 m, D.R. Hunt 5981 (K); Barra do Garças, Fazenda Brasil, 780 m, –15.05, –52.26, 26 March 1997, N.M Ivanauskas et al. 1676 (ESA!); Base Camp, 9 km E of the Base Camp, 270 km N of Xavantina, –12.82, –51.77, 19 April 1968, J.A. Ratter et al. 1123 (UB!); Chapada dos Guimarães , –15.46, –55.75, 19 February 1997, A.G. Nave et al. 1073 (ESA!); Cuiabá, –15.60, –56.10, 13 November 1975, G. Hatschbach 34477 (F!, MBM!); Cuiabá, km 10 entre Cuiabá e Chapada dos Guimarães , margem esquerda, –15.60, –56.10, 17 September 1998, E. Ferreira & A. Silva 515 (EAC, NY, UFMT!); Diamantino, Estrada Diamantino-Sumidouro (BR 364), cerca de 26 km após o trevo para São José do Rio Claro. Fazenda Nova Era, –14.09, –56.45, 18 May 1997, V.C. Souza et al. 16314 (ESA!); Diamantino, Fazenda Caeté (Parte da Fazenda Baronesa), 15 km ESE (em linha reta) de Diamantino, –14.41, –56.45, 23 May 1997, V.C. Souza et.al. 16971 (ESA!); Jaciara, Fazenda Furnas, 10 February 2000, M. Macedo et al. 7185 (UFMT!); Jangada, estrada entre cuiabá e STNOP, 4 km após a cidade de Jangada, na margem esquerda da estrada, 19 September 1998, E. Ferreira & A. Silva 523 (UFMT!); Limpo Grande, próximo Limpo Grande-Várzea Grande, 23 June 1995, M. Macedo & R. Godinho 4228 (UFMT!); Nobres, Arredores da Fazenda Quebó, cerca de 37 km ENE (em linha reta)

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Phytotaxa 294 (1) © 2017 Magnolia Press • 83 de Nobres, –14.37, –56.00, 24 May 1997, V.C. Souza et al. 17055 (ESA!); Nova Brasilândia, Estrada Nova Brasilândia-Planalto da Serra, ca. 20 km NE (em linha reta) de Nova Brasilândia, –14.52, –54.49, 10 October 1997, V.C. Souza et al. 20705 (ESA!, UFMT!); Nova Xavantina, Nova Xavantina, 6 km ao S de Nova Xavantina (R & A transect), 1500–1700 m, –14.67, –52.35, 11 October 1967, G.C.G. Argent 6694 (UB!); Nova Xavantina, –14.67, – 52.35, 10 August 1994, B.S. Marimon 86 (UEC); Nova Xavantina; Campus Universitário da UNEMAT. Estação Biológica, 10 May 1999, E. Ribeiro El1 (HPL!); Ribeirão Cascalheira; Barreira Amarela. P. 03 / Q. I, 12 October 2003, C. Fernandes-Bulhão et al. 277 (NX); Rio dos Peixes, Cuiabá , 17 July 1998, S. Cruz & T. Lopes 97 (UFMT!); Rondonópolis, –16.47, –54.64, 3 May 1995, G. Hatschbach 62210 (MBM!); Rondonópolis, Bororo Indian Village, “Córrego Grande”, and vicinity, on north shore of Rio São Lorenço , 64 km due WSW of Rondonópolis, 180 m, –16.60, –55.22, 4 December 1976, G. Eiten 103 (UB!); Rondonópolis, MT-130 Rondonopolis/Poxoréo road, between km 29–30 on the W side of MT-130, elevation ca. 469 m, –16.21, –54.49, 11 January 2014, L.R. Noblick & H. Lorenzi 5636 (ESA!, FTG!, HPL!, NY!); Santo Antônio do Leverger, –15.87, – 56.08, 18 January 1989, A. Krapovickas 43038 (MBM!); Santo Antonio de Leverger, Fazenda Matão, 9 March 1996, M. Macedo & R. Godinho 4553 (UFMT!); Sao Lourenco de Fatima, Terras , 15 September 1995, S.M. Salis 823 (CPAP); Tapurah, MT-010. 37 km após o trevo com a Serra dos Caiabis , –12.36, –56.18, 8 June 1997, V.C. Souza et al. 17368 (ESA! UFMT!); Tapurah, estrada MT-010, cerca de 5 km do entroncamento com MT-338, – 12.49, –56.26, 12 June 1997, V.C. Souza et al. 17780 (ESA!, UFMT!); Xavantina, Base Camp, 8 km E of the Base Camp, 270 km N of Xavantina on the Xavantina— São Felix road, –12.82, –51.77, 21 June 1968, J.A. Ratter 1873 (UB!); Xavantina, Plot 4, P/C transect, Xavantina, 14 July 1968, P.W. Richards 6407 (UB!); Xavantina, Vicinity of Xavantina, ca. 2 km S of Xavantina, 300–400 m, 25 September 1964, H.S. Irwin & T.R. Soderstrom 6313 (BH, NY!); Xavantina, 24 November 1946, H. Sick B166 (RB!); Xavantina, Rio das Mortes, February 1947, H. Sick B232 (RB!); Mato Grosso do Sul: Amambaí, Arredores da tribo Caiuá, –23.10, –55.23, 1979, W.B.G. Garcia 13758 (UEC!); Aquidauana, Pantanal, –20.47, –55.79, 18 May 1900, S.M. Salis 1131 (CPAP); Bataguassu, Várzea aluvionar do rio Paraná, –21.71, –52.42, 21 November 1992, I. Cordeiro 995 (SP); Corumba, Pantanal, –19.01, – 57.65, 18 May 1900, S.M. Salis 1124 (CPAP); Corumba, Pantanal, Fazenda Ipanema (Pantanal subregion of Nhecolândia), ca. 100 km SE of Corumbá, 90 m, –19.23, –57.02, 4 October 1985, J.A. Ratter 5082 (CPAP, K!); Cuiabá, S. Jose de Serra, 1975, G. Hatschbach 37477 (F!); Nova Ponte, na rodovia entre Nova Ponte e Água Clara, próximo as torres da força, 382 m, –20.68, –52.081, 16 June 2008, R. Tsuji et al. 2676 (HPL!); Pedro Gomes, Rio Pequire, 150 km S of Rondopolis, –18.10, –54.55, 1 September 1976, S.F. Glassman 13088 (F!, SP!); Ribas do Rio Pardo, prox. Foz do Rib. Londrinha, –21.50, –53.39, 7 November 1981, L.A. Dambrós 239 (HBR!); São Gabriel do Oeste, Fazenda Bonito próximo ao córrego Bonito, cerca de 3 km da MS-430, –18.96, –54.39, 15 June 2002, V.J. Pott 5565 (CGMS); Sonora, Reserva Legal da Usina (CASE), –17.58, –54.76, 5 August 2001, U.M. Resende 2662 (CGMS); Minas Gerais: Araçuaí, SE 24-V-A, –16.88, –41.93, 6 July 1981, S.J. Filho 146 (HBR!); Araçuaí, Chapada de Lagoão, –16.85, –42.07, 21 March 1992, L.R. Noblick 4852 (BHCB!, F!, FTG!, K!, MBML!, NY! [sic 4892], US!); Araxá, Arboreto CBMM, 1111 m, –19.67, –46.91, 19 November 2010, J.R. Stehmann & M. Augsten 6151 (BHCB); Belo Horizonte, 1900, Teixeira 24156 (SP); Belo Horizonte, Ex Hervário Esc. Farm. de Ouro Preto, –19.92, –43.94, 5 February 1900, A.S. Teixeira s.n. (SP!); Biribiry, dans le campos, 19 March 1892, A. F.M. Glaziou 20025 (NY!); Biribiry, prés Diamantina, 19 March 1892, A.F.M. Glaziou 20026 (A, C, FI, K, NY!, P! P02147202, P02147205); Campos do Curvelo, 1839, P. Claussen s.n. (G); Campos do Curvelo, 1840, Gardner 428 (K); Capão, Inter Capão et Corrego secco, March 1892, P. Schwacke 8470 (RB!); Catas Altas, Serra do Caraça, – 20.07, –43.41, 18 June 2002, T.M.A. Alves & M. Sobral, 55 (BHCB); Catas Altas, Serra do Caraça, Cascatinha, – 20.07, –43.41, 3 May 1980, T. Viana & T.S.M. Grandi 171 (BHCB!); Catas Altas, Serra do Caraça, Caminho da cascatinha, –20.07, –43.41, 6 June 1980, T. Viana 207 (BHCB!); Catas Altas, Serra do Caraça, Caminho da Cascatinha, –20.07, –43.41, 4 October 1997, A. Salino 3537 (BHCB); Catas Altas, Serra do Caraça, 1300 m, – 20.07, –43.41, 22 December 1997, M.F. de Vasconcelos s.n. (BHCB); Congonhas, Entre Congonhas do Campo [Congonhas] and Queluz, 1 July 1884, A.F.M. Glaziou 15559 (C, MO!, NY, P!. US); Curvelo, –18.76, –44.43, E. Tameirão Neto 3099 (BHCB); Delfinópolis, Estrada para Casinha Branca-Antes da Sete Cidades, –20.34, –46.85, 8 October 2002, R.L. Volpi 265 (HUFU); Delfinópolis, Estrada para Casinha Branca, –20.34, –46.85, 7 December 2002, R.L. Volpi 439 (HUFU, UB!); Delfinópolis, Fazenda Água da Serra-Trilha “Escada de Pedras,” –20.34, – 46.8539, 10 March 2003, R.A. Pacheco 498 (HUFU); Delfinópolis, Fazenda Zé Antunes-Trilha para Cachoeira Triângulo, –20.34, –46.85, 6 December 2002, J.N. Nakajima 3422 (HUFU); Delfinópolis, Estrada para Casa Branca-Fazenda Paraíso, –20.34, –46.85, 10 April 2002, R. Romero 6339 (HUFU, UB!); Felixlândia, BR 040, km

84 • Phytotaxa 294 (1) © 2017 Magnolia Press

NOBLICK

384, 18 December 1986, R. Cytryn 03 (RB!); [Divisa de Alegre], km 19 da rodovia Rio/Bahia, proximo a fronteria com a Bahia, –15.75, –41.33, October 1989, G.F.E. Abrahão s.n (MBML!); Furnas, área em torno das eclusas da represa. Próximo ao hotel, 1 July 1994, J.A. Lombardi 564 (BHCB, NY); Haut de la Serra de S. José del Rei, 26 June 1887, A.F.M. Glaziou 17337 (C, F, FI, K, P! P02147200! is mixed, leaves of S. flexuosa and inflorescence piece of an Attalea sp. , P02147197, P02147198, P02147199); Ituiutaba, –18.97, –49.47, 13 August 1944, A. Macedo 496 (SP!); [João Pinheiro], 300 km de Brasília para Belo Horizonte, 20 June 1964, J.M. Pires 58041 (NY!, U, UB!); Joaquim Felício, Serra do Cabral. Immediately E of Joaquim Felício, 1000 m, –17.76, –44.17, 6 March 1970, H.S. Irwin 27003 (NY!, UB!); Joaquim Felício, –17.76, –44.17, 16 April 1996, G. Hatschbach 64914 (MBM!); Lagoa Santa, near Quartel Aeronautica, above the Lake. –19.63, –43.89, 11 July 1965, S.F. Glassman & J.C. Gomes jr. 8044–8054 (F!, MO, RB, SP!); Lagoa Santa, Shamel, without date, W. Popenoe & Dorseit 234b ( US); Lagoa Santa, January 1914, W. Popenoe 345b ( US!); Lagoa Santa, Warming 1846 (C); Mariana, Mina da Samitri , –20.38, –43.42, 29 January 2001, R.C. da Mota & L. Viana 605 (BHCB); Mariana, Mina de Fábrica Nova, Ampliação da mina de Fábrica Nova, –20.20, –43.44, 28 June 2011, R.C. da Mota s.n. (BHCB); Paracatu, BR 040 depois do Ranchão, 962 m, –17.07, –47.057, 20 May 2009, R.C. Martins et al. 1011 (UB!); Paraopeba, Reserva do Horto Florestal, –19.27, –44.40, 5 April 1965, J.E. de Paula 70 (SP!, UB!); Patos de Minas, Cidade de Patos de Minas, 1 September 1950, A. Duarte 3236 (RB!); Pompéu, –19.22, –44.94, 28 July 2011, C. Valle s.n. (BHCB); Presidente Juscelino, 5 km W of the Rio Parauna along BR-259 and 2 km S on na unpaved road, 700–800 m, – 18.64, –44.06, 20 March 1992, L.R. Noblick 4850 (BHCB!, FTG!, K!); Santa Bárbara, Serra do Caraça, –19.96, – 43.42, 7 October 1988, M.M.N.Braga et al. 246 (BHCB); Santa Bárbara, Serra do Caraça, Parque Natural do Caraça, Cascatona, –20.12, –43.49, 19 April 1997, J.A. Lombardi et al. 1620 (BHCB); Santa Bárbara, Serra do Caraça, 1300 m, 25 March 1991, R. Pardini & D. Novaes 3 (NY, SPF!); Santa Bárbara, Serra do Caraça, caminho para Capelinha e Gruta de Lourdes, 27 May 1983, J.R. Pirani & O. Yano 699 (SPF!); Santa Bárbara, Serra do Caraça, –20.10, –43.48, 30 August 1997, J.R. Stehmann et al. 2273 (BHCB); Santa Bárbara, Cascatinha, Serra do Caraca, SW de Catas Altas, ca. 1270–1350 m, –20.08, –43.45, 14 May 1990, M.M. Arbo et al. 4028 (CTES!, K, MBM!); Santa Bárbara, Serra do Caraça, –19.96, –43.42, 20 April 1933, H.L.M. Barreto 4824 (BHCB!); Santa Bárbara, Serra do Caraça, –19.96, –43.42, 13 December 1978, H.F. Leitão Filho 9630 (UEC!); Santa Bárbara, Serra do Caraça, –19.96, –43.42, 10 September 1990, J.R. Stehmann et al. s.n. (NY); São Gonçalo do Abaeté, – 18.34, –45.83, 26 January 2001, R.C. Mota da 383 (BHCB); Sao Gonzalo do Abaete, Rod. BR-365, km 235, 700 m, –18.34, –45.83, 20 March 1980, G. Hatschbach 42817 (MBM!, MO, NY, US); São João del Rei, –21.14, – 44.26, 15 September 1948, E.P. Heringer 2580 (SP!); São Roque de Minas, Parque Nacional da Serra da Canastra- Mata próxima a cachoeira dos Rolinhos , –20.2453, –46.3658, 23 February 1997, R. Romero 4020 (HUFU); Serra do Cabral, Jun1990, K.I. Horst 68 (MBML!); Serra do Caraça, Em direção à Carapuça, 1500 m, 18 November 1978, N.D. Cruz 6441 (UEC!); Serra do Lenheiro, 28 June 1893, A.F.M. Glaziou 20536 (P!, U); Sete Lagoas, área da EMBRAPA, –19.47, –44.25, 26 September 1996, J.A. Lombardi 1401 (BHCB, NY); [Uberaba], between Uberava [sic] and Bada, 1848, Regnell 1288 (S); Uberlândia, BR 365-Estrada perto do km 20, –18.92, –48.28, 28 July 1982, R.C. Vieira 178 (HUFU!); Uberlândia, BR 365-Na altura do km 634. Sítio do Capim Branco, –18.92, – 48.28, 17 July 1984, R.C. Vieira 262 (HUFU!); Várzea da Palma , –17.60, –44.73, 12 March 1995, G. Hatschbach 61777 (MBM!); without a locality in Minas Gerais, 1838, P. Claussen 171 (P!); without a locality in Minas Gerais, 1816–1821, A. de Saint-Hilaire 1245 (P!); without locality in Minas Gerais, 1 July 1884, Simard s.n. ( US, US 1112500); without a locality in Minas Gerais, November 1843, M. Weddell 1678 (P!); Pará: 7–8 km from Alter do Chão on the Santerme road, –2.48, –54.92, 1 January 1993, J.A. Ratter et al. s.n. (INPA); Paraná: Nova Adradina, Rod. BR-267, 11 July 1969, G. Hatschbach 21763 (MBM!); Rio Grande do Norte: Natal, Rio Jaguaribe, –5.80, – 35.21, 3 May 2006, R.S. Melo 96 (UFRN); São Paulo : Aguas de Santa Bárbara, Estação Ecológica Águas de Sta.Bárbara, –22.84, –49.23, 24 September 2008, N. Guerin et al. 236 (SPSF); Agudos, Fazenda Cia Cervejaria Brahma, –22.47, –48.99, 6 July 1995, Bertoncini 623 (MBML); Altinópolis, Estrada Altinápolis-Cajuru, 4 km da Rodovia Altino Arantes, Morro do Forno, Fazenda Morro do Forno, –21.02, –47.37, 19 June 2003, J. Lovo 2 (NY, SPF, SP); Anhembí, Fazenda Barreiro Rico, –22.78, –48.12, 2 May 1959, M.P. Kuhlmann 4541 (UFP); Araraquara, Estrada Araraquara a Bauru 286 km, –21.79, –48.17, 3 July 1965, S.F. Glassman & J.C. Gomes 8002 (F!, RB, SP!); Bauru, Jardim Botânico –22.31, –49.06, M.H.O. Pinheiro 183, 222, 466 (HRCB); Bauru, Jardim Botânico Municipal, –22.31, –49.06, 6 December 1996, M.H.O. Pinheiro 494 (IAC); Bauru, Entre Santo Antônio e Floresta, –22.3147, –49.0606, 27 September 1938, J.E. Rombouts s.n. (IAC!); Cabreúva, Jacaré, –23.237111, –47.042806, 2 March 1994, K.D. Barreto et al. 2075 (ESA!); Campinas, –47.06, –22.90, 08, April 2004, S.R. Morbiolo & R.L.

A REVISION OF THE GENUS SYAGRUS

Phytotaxa 294 (1) © 2017 Magnolia Press • 85 Fonseca 2 (ESA!); Corumbatai, Mata da UNESP, 9 November 1993, K.D. Barreto et al. 1562 (ESA!); Icém, Fazenda Velho—Usina Moema, 12 October 1994, S.A. Barraca et al. 29SAB (ESA!); Ilha Solteira, –20.43, –51.34, July 1979, S. Bianco 10269 (UEC); Itaqui, without date, G. Arbocz 1528, (HPL!); Itú, Área de proteção, –23.26, – 47.29, 8 January 1987, S.M. Silva 25264 (UEC); Luís Antônio, Reserva de Jataí, –21.56, –47.70, 30 January 2003, L.C. Bernacci & L. Bonjorne 3349 (IAC); Marília, Estrada perto de Marília, –22.21, –49.95, 20 June 1940, E.S. Normanha & O. Zagatto 5621 (F!, IAC!, MBML!, SP-44403!, SP!); Mogi Guaçu, Estação experimental da Campininha, –22.37, –46.94, 12 April 1988, L.C. Bernacci 20199 (UEC); Mogi Guaçu, Fazenda Campininha, 600 m, –22.37, –46.94, 19 November 1980, A. Custodio Filho 493 (SP!); Mogi Guaçu, Fazenda Campininha-"Campos das Sete Lagoas". 3.6 km, northwest of Rio Mogi-Guaçu & village of Pádua Sales (or 23 km WNW of city of Mogi-Guaçu), 600 m, –22.37, –46.94, 12 November 1959, G. Eiten 1478 (SP!); Mogi Guaçu, G. Eiten & L.T. Eiten 2220 (SP); Mogi Guaçu, Fazenda Campininha-Cerrado, –22.37, –46.94, 22 June 1977, M. Kirizawa 116 (SP!); Mogi Guaçu, Fazenda Campininha-Pádua Sales, Reserva Biológica, –22.37, –46.94, 6 May 1980, W. Mantovani 741 (SP!); Mogi Guaçu, Fazenda Campininha-Pádua Sales, Reserva Biológica, –22.37, –46.94, 6 May 1980, W. Mantovani 793 (SP!); Mogi Guaçu, Fazenda Campininha-Pádua Sales, Reserva Biológica, –22.37, –46.94, 23 June 1980, W. Mantovani 779 (SP!); Mogi Guaçu, Fazenda Campininha-Martinho Prado, Reserva Biológica, –22.37, – 46.94, 23 December 1980, W. Mantovani 1518 (SP!); Mogi Guaçu, Fazenda Campininha-Martinho Prado, Reserva Biológica, –22.37, –46.94, 17 March 1981, W. Mantovani 1727 (SP!); Mogi Guaçu, Fazenda Campininha-Perto de Pádua Sales, –22.37, –46.94, 24 May 1965, J.R. Mattos 12239 (HAS!), 12304 (SP!); Mogi Guaçu, Fazenda Campininha-Perto de Paduá Sales. Reserva Florestal. No cerrado denso, –22.37, –46.94, 24 May 1965, J.R. Mattos 12291 (SP!); Mogi Guaçú, Estação Ecológica de Mogi Guaçú, Reserva de Cerrado do Instituto de Botância, – 22.37, –46.94, M.R.P. Noronha 318 (HRCB); Moji Mirim, Horto Florestal, –22.43, –46.95, 3 May 1989, R.L. Baldini 21935 (UEC); Moji Mirim, –22.43, –46.95, 16 October 1942, M.P. Kuhlmann & P. Goncalves 47390 (F!, SP!); Moji Mirim, Horto Florestal de Mogi Mirim, –22.43, –46.95, March 1978, D.V. Toledo Filho 9874 (UEC); Pariquera-Açu, –24.71, –47.88, 20 April 1998, M.G.C. Gondim Jr. 29 (ESA!); Pirassununga, Cerrado de Emas, – 22.03, –47.50, 24 November 1994, S. Aragaki 256 (SP); Pirassununga, Cerrado de Emas, –22.03, –47.50, 19 July 1994, M.A. Batalha 169 (SP); Pirassununga, 11 km north of Pirassununca, 1 km south of Emas, –21.99, –47.42, 14 July 1969, S.F. Glassman 8749, 8750 (FTG!, MBM!, NY); São Paulo, Parque Estadual das Fontes do Ipiranga-Instituto de Botânica, Jardim Botânico, –23.54, –46.63, 1 December 1976, Câmara s.n. (SP!); São Paulo, Parque Estadual das Fontes do Ipiranga-Instituto de Botânica, Jardim Botânico, –23.54, –46.63, 15 December 1976, F.S. Cavalcanti 12 (SP!); Sao Paulo, Tiete, 1936 , W. Hoehne & Gehrt s.n. (F, SP-37053!); São Paulo, Parque Estadual das Fontes do Ipiranga, –23.54, –46.63, 21 September 1949, W. Hoehne 3248 (NY, SP!); São Paulo, Parque Estadual das Fontes do Ipiranga-Instituto de Botânica, Jardim Botânico, –23.54, –46.63, 25 May 1977, M. Kirizawa 263 (SP!); São Paulo, Parque Estadual das Fontes do Ipiranga-Jardim Botânico, cerca de 2,0 m de distância, –23.54, –46.63, 1 June 1977, M. Kirizawa s.n. (SP-204268!); São Paulo, Jardim Botânico , –23.54, – 46.63, 15 May 1997, M. Kirizawa 3351 (SP); São Paulo, Parque Estadual das Fontes do Ipiranga-Instituto de Botânica, Jardim Botânico, –23.54, –46.63, 1 June 1977, M.G.L. Wanderley 109 (SP!); São Pedro, Rod. Ulisses Guimarães , –22.54, –47.91, 5 March 1997, A. Jr. Amaral & J.O. Mendonça 265397 (BOTU); São Paulo , Rio Feio. Paccas. Expedição do Rio Feio, October 1905, G. Edwall ERF144 (SP!); Tocantins: Palmeirópolis, –13.04, – 48.40, 23 January 1992, G. Hatschbach 56344 (MBM!); Without locality: Sello s.n. (LE, P!); Gardner 4028 (K); A.F.M. Glaziou s.n. (A).

Figures

FIGURE 28. Syagrus flexuosa. A. Habitat near Brasília with Nikolaus von Behr. B. Clustering stem habit at Jardim Botânico Plantarum near Nova Odessa, São Paulo. C. Leaves with pendulous leaflets. D. Crown. E. Crown with fibrous leaf sheaths and inflorescences. F. Unilateral inflorescence with pistillate flowers. G. Leaf sheaths with fibers. H. Infructescence with narrow ellipsoid fruit. I. Infructescences and hand with mature fruits.

FIGURE 29. Distribution maps of Syagrus flexuosa, S. glaucescens, S. glazioviana, S. gouveiana, S. graminifolia subsp. cabraliensis, S. graminifolia subsp. glazioviana, S. graminifolia subsp. graminifolia and S. guimaraesensis.