Tanypus kraatzi (Kieffer, 1912)

Kobayashi, Tadashi, 2010, A systematic review of the genus Tan yp u s Meigen from Japan, with a description of T. n ak aza toi sp. nov. (Diptera: Chironomidae: Tanypodinae), Zootaxa 2644, pp. 25-46 : 34-40

Tanypus kraatzi (Kieffer, 1912)

Figures 3, 4 , 8, 9, 13, 16–18, 25–29.

Trichotanypus kraatzi Kieffer, 1912b: 103 .

Tanypus kraatzi: Kieffer 1913: 14 –15.

Protenthes (= Tanypus ) kraatzi: Kieffer 1918: 165 .

Tanypus punctipennis Fabricius [sic!]: Tokunaga 1937a: 33 –34, plate 2–19, 28; Tokunaga 1937b: 76 –78, Fig. 59. Tanypus punctipennis Meigen, 1818 : Hashimoto 1985: 344 –45 Fig. 8-1. Tanypus formosanus (Kieffer, 1912) : Niitsuma 2001: 66 –72, Figs. 1 –18; 2005: 1044, Fig. 3 a, 1046, 1050, Fig. 12 : 3–7. Tanypus sp. TC: Kitagawa 2006: 33, Fig. 30.

Material examined. Male. 7, JAPAN: Ibaraki, Ibaraki University, Center for Water Environment Studies ( CWES), situated near Lake Kita-Ura, 22.vii.2009, light trap, Nakazato R (as holotype of T. nakazatoi except for 12.vi.2003); 1, as previous except for 25.vii.2006; 15, as previous except for 3.vi.2009; 4, as previous except for 6.viii.2009; 2, as previous except for 14.viii.2009; 1, as previous except for 30.vi.2009; 3, as previous except for 10.vii.2009; 2, as previous except for 21.vii.2009; 1, Ibaraki, Tsukuba, Pond in the National Institute for Environmental Studies, reared, 29.x.1999, Ueno R. 1, Aomori, Tsugaru, Myojin-numa, 23.v.2007, net sweeping, Ohtaka A; 1, Chiba, Lake Imbanum, net sweeping, -.-.1989, Kobayashi T; 1, Nagano, Lake Suwa, 31.vii.1989, light trap, Nakazato R; 3, Fukushima, Lake Inawashiro, 4.vii.1999, light trap, Nakazato R; 1, Tokyo, Machida (paddy field), 13.vi.2006, net sweeping, Kobayashi T; 1, Toyama, Jintsu River, 29.viii.1989, light trap, Sasa M; 1, Toyama, Tomosaka, 21.vi.1992, light trap, Sasa M; 1, Toyama, Family Park, 23.vi.1993, light trap, Sasa M; 2, as previous except for 22.vi.1993; 2, as previous except for 21.v.1994; 1, as previous except for 24.viii.1993; 1, Toyama, Kurobe City, 21.viii.1996, light trap, Sasa M; 1, as previous except for 2.vii.1996; 1, as previous except for 12.ix.1996; 1, as previous except for 8.viii.1996; 1, as previous except for 11.viii.1996; 1, as previous except for 14.viii,1996; 1, as previous except for 14.ix.2000; 1, Aichi, Nagoya, Tsukanoiri-ike Reservoir, 9.v.1986, light trap, Kondo S; 1, as previous except for 1.viii.2001; 1, as previous except for 31.vii.2001; 1, Gifu, Ibi River, 1.viii.2001, light trap, Kasuya S; 1, Gifu, Nagara River, light trap, Kasuya S; 1, as previous except for 25.v.2001; 2, as previous except for --. vii.1998; 2, as previous except for 23.v.1997; 2, as previous except for -. vii.1998; 3, as previous except for 23.v.1998; 1, as previous except for 5.ix.2000; 1, as previous except for 11.ix.2006; 1, Gifu, Kiso River, 25.vii.2001, light trap, Kasuya S; 1, as previous except for 26.vii.2001; 1, Shiga, Lake Biwa, 5.viii.2007, rearing, Inoue E; 1, as previous except for 5.viii.2007; 1, as previous except for 11.viii.2007; 2, as previous except for 8.viii.2007; 1, Shimane, Lake Shinjiko, net sweeping, 3.vi.1996, Kobayashi T; 1, Yamaguchi, Nishiki River, light trap, 5.vi.1996, Kobayashi T; 2, Nagasaki, Ohmura City, 12.x.1997, net sweeping, Suzuki H.; 23 from Niitsuma collection (cf. Niitsuma 2001: 66 as T. formosanus ). Female. 1, as previous except for 5.vi.2001; 9, as previous except for 12.vi.2003; 19, as previous except for 3.vi.2003; 6, as previous except for 6.viii.2009; 3, as previous except for 7.vii.2009; 2, as previous except for 10.vi.2009; 1, as previous except for -. viii.2008; 1, Kanagawa, Kawasaki, 21.vii.1995, light trap, Kobayashi T; 1, Nagano, Lake Suwa, 1.viii.1989, light trap, Nakazato R; 1, Gifu, Nagara River, 11.ix.2006, light trap, Kasuya S; 2, as previous except for 25.vii.2001; 5, as previous except for 2.x.2001; 5, as previous except for 25.v.2001; 1, as previous except for 2.viii.2001; 1, Shiga, Lake Biwa, 5.viii.2007, rearing, Inoue E; 3, Aichi, Tsukanoiri-ike Reservoir, 9.v.1986, light trap, Kondo S.; 16 from Niitsuma collection (cf. Niitsuma 2001: 66 as T. formosanus ). Pex 1, Ibaraki, Tsukuba, Pond in the National Institute for Environmental Studies, reared, 29.x.1999, Ueno R.; 4 from Niitsuma collection (cf. Niitsuma 2001: 66 as T. formosanus ). Larva. 1, Shiga, Lake Biwa, 30.vii.2002, Birge- Ekman dredge, Nakazato R; 11, as previous except for 24.viii.2006; 7, as previous except for 21.ix.2006; 2, as previous except for 21.vii.2007; 1, as previous except for 21.iv.2007; 2, as previous except for 28.vi.2007; 6, as previous except for 20.iv.2007; 1, as previous except for 18.vi.2008; 3, Hiroshima, Yamato River, --. iii.2006, kicking, Kitagawa N; 2, Ohsaka, Ashida River, -.-.1996, kicking, Kitagawa N.; 14 from Niitsuma collection (cf. Niitsuma 2001: 66 as T. formosanus ).

Comparative material examined. T. kraatzi . (deposited at ZSM) GERMANY: 1 male, Plön, Drecksee, -.-.1943, leg. Thienemann A, det. Fittkau EJ. 1 larva, Slesvig-Holstein, Derecksee bei Plön, -. iv.1914.

Re-description. Adult male (n = 109). Total length 3.0–5.2, 4.10 mm (33), wing length 1360–3010, 2300μm (91).

Coloration as in male of T. nakazatoi sp. nov.

Head ( Fig. 8). Eye with parallel-sided dorsomedian extension. Temporals 15–20, 18 (5), clypeals 11–20, 15 (5). Tentorium 200–230, 217μm long (10), 50–70, 58.5μm wide (10). Antenna with 14 flagellomeres. Ultimate flagellomere offset basally, terminal seta 21–40, 32.5μm long (10). Antennal length 1000–1333, 1213μm (23). AR 1.94–2.55, 2.18 (23). Pedicel with 4–6, 5.0 (5) ventral setae, scape bare. Lengths of palpomeres 1–5 in Table 2.

TABLE 2. Lengths of palpomeres 1–5 (in μm) of T. kraatzi (Kieffer) from Lake Kitaura.

1 2 3 4 5

Male - 25–50 42.4 (25) 60–100 78.2 (25) 100–140 113.1 (26) 145–200 169.4 (24) Female 30–30 30.0 (2) 40–50 47.3 (11) 60–100 75.9 (11) 110–165 131.8 (11) 165–275 197.3 (11) continued.

p3 fe ti ta1 ta2 ta3 ta4 ta5

Male 1080–1480 1430–1830 1410–1820 600–1020 470–750 290–450 220–380 1215 (22) 1607 (22) 1667 (18) 908 (16) 661 (16) 404 (16) 281 (16)

Female 1100–1500 1480–2210 1550–2080 950–1240 700–920 430–560 270–380 1288 (6) 1853 (6) 1794 (5) 1076 (5) 792 (5) 480 (5) 320 (5) Tibial inner spur Teeth (n) Tibial outer spur Teeth (n) Tibial comb LR spines

Male 70–110 90.4 (5) 3 (1) 45–80 59 (10) 2–3 2.5 (4) 6–10 7.4 (19) 0.92–1.14 1.05 (18)

Female 80–120 89 (10) – 55–75 63.4 (5) – 7–8 7.3 (6) 0.94–1.05 1.01 (5) Thorax. Antepronotum well developed with 11–19, 13.4 (5) ventrolateral setae. Large, oval ScuT present. Dc uniserial 12–18, 15.7 (11) including humerals. Ac biserial or multiserial between vittae from ScuT diverging in turned V-shaped posteriorly, absent in front of ScuT. Medial scar present. Pa 6–8, 7.0 (5) uniserial, Scts 6–11, 8.6 (5) in transverse row, with a group of 4–20, 12.4 (5) anterior fine setae.

Wing ( Fig. 3 ). Costa produced, reaching apex of wing. Stalk (or petiole) 120–230, 166μm (32) long. VR 0.95–1.27, 1.07 (23), CuR ca. 0.21. RM and MCu darkened. Wing membrane with 4 conspicuous dark spots on cell r4+5; cell r1+2 with 3–4, cell r3+4 with 0–3 paler spots, and cell an with some indistinct clouds. Wing spots darker and clearer than those in T. nakazatoi . Most of the examined specimens i.e. 28/34 (82%) with 4 spots, remaining with 5 spots on cell r4+5. Length of Spot 3 ( Figs. 3 , 30) 90–250, 181μm (23), Spot 4 70–190, 132μm (23), distance between Spots 3–4 50 –110, 70μm (23), ratio distance Spots 3–4/wing length 0.019–0.048, 0.031 (23). Wing membrane with setae in apical part. Squamals 32–75, 48 (8).

p1 fe ti ta1 ta2 ta3 ta4 ta5

Male 780–1020 930–1280 800–1050 936 (16) 390–550 470 300–430 210–300 160–220 900 (16) 1096 (16) (16) 369 (15) 261 (15) 191 (15)

Female 720–1000 906 920–1190 750–990 873 (11) 370–490 433 280–370 200–270 237 160–210 (10) 1071 (11) (11) 323 (11) (11) 190 (11) Tibial spur Teeth (n) LR

Male 55–60 57.5 (2) – 0.79–0.90 0.86 (16)

Female 50–68 59 (9) 2–3 2.6 (9) 0.77–0.86 0.82 (11)

continued.

p2 fe ti ta1 ta2 ta3 ta4 ta5 830–1050 928 910–1200 350–490 420 260–360 180–270 209 120–200

Male 790–1000 898 (16)

(11) 1048 (16) (16) 310 (16) (16) 169 (16) 900–1150 1046 990–1300 390–500 445 290–370 200–250 220 130–210

Female 790–1000 910 (12)

(11) 1183 (12) (12) 323 (12) (11) 191 (10) Tibial inner spur Teeth (n) Tibial outer spur Teeth (n) LR

Male 35–52 46 (3) 1–2 1.5(2) 35–50 44 (3) 1–2 1.7 (3) 0.81–0.93 0.86 (15)

Female 40–70 51 (9) 2–3 2.5 (6) 39–40 49 (9) 2–3 2.3 (6) 0.73–0.82 0.77 (11)

continued.

p3 fe ti ta1 ta2 ta3 ta4 ta5 820–1000 1100–1400 1200–1400 1322 650–800 728 330–400 366 180–210

Male 510–630 562 (13)

927 (14) 1245 (14) (13) (13) (13) 203 (13) 800–1040 1090–1470 640–900 806 200–250

Female 1150–1600 1435 (8) 480–650 608 (9) 300–420 378 (9) 948 (9) 1340 (9) (9) 226 (8) Tibial inner spur Teeth (n) Tibial outer spur Teeth (n) Tibial comb spines LR

Male 58–70 66.0 (3) 2–3 2.3 (3) 50–55 52.3 (3) 2 2 (2) 4–7 5.3 (4) 1.00–1.11 1.06 (13)

Female 67–75 67 (9) 2–3 2.4 (5) 49–60 54 (9) 2 2 (5) 5–6 5.3 (8) 1.06–1.16 1.08 (8) T. punctipennis 2880 –3280 3114 (5) 199–241 227.3 (6) 118–152 138.0 (6) 0.59–0.63 0.61 (6) T. nakazatoi 2780 –3890 3190 (35) 270–340 298.2 (36) 175–230 185.7 (36) 0.58–0.69 0.62 (36) Tibial spurs Wing spots * measured based on figs.

*: measured based on the figures

Larva Li length (μm) Li length / Number of Dm teeth AR

min. width filamentous of Pl

T. nakazatoi 112–140, 123 (71) 4.5–9.3, 6.6 (67) 32–42, 37 (39) 6–8, 7.0 5.52 (6)

(25)

T. chinensis ? 5.6* 21– 26, 23 7 ca 7

T. grandis 70–90, 80(10) 8* 32–33 8 5.5 Legs. Measurements in Table 4. Femora of all legs with subapical, and tibiae with subbasal and apical dark bands, ta1–ta3 with apical dark band, ta4 and ta5 almost dark. Spur of foretibia 55–60, 58μm long, (2), teeth indistinct; outer spur of midtibia 35–50, 44μm long (3), with 1–2, 1.7 teeth (3); inner spur if midtibia 35– 52, 46μm long (3), with 1–2, 1.5 teeth (2); outer spur of hind tibia 50–55, 52μm long (3), with 2 teeth (2); inner spur of hind tibia 58–70, 66μm long (3), with 2–3, 2.3 teeth (3), tibial comb with 4–7, 5.3 stout setae (4). SCh on ta1 of mid leg 0–5, 2.4 (17) (Fig. 32). Claws palmate apically, with ventrobasal spines. Empodium as long as half the length of claw. Pulvilli absent.

Hypopygium ( Fig. 9). Tergite IX with 22–28, 25 short setae (5) posteriorly. Gonocoxite 190–255, 225μm long (28), bearing many dorsomedian robust setae. Gonostylus 100–125, 116μm long (27), with inner-basal and dorsomesal group of setae, carina present; HR 1.64–2.22, 1.90 (66), HV 0.23–0.34, 0.28 (27), phallapodeme distinct, 60–150, 93μm long (41); transverse sternapodeme distinct, arched anteriorly.

Adult female (n = 77). Total length 2.1–3.7, 3.0mm (40). Wing length 1995–2950, 2600μm (39).

Coloration. As in male.

Head. Eye dorsomedian extension weak. Temporals 16–24, 20.0 (7), clypeals 24–28, 26 (5). Lengths of palpomeres in Table 2. First palpomere often indistinct. Antenna with 14 flagellomeres. Length of antenna 620–860, 760μm (9). Ultimate flagellomere 120–190, 140μm (9). AR 0.20–0.29, 0.23 (9). Pedicel with 10– 15, 11.9 (7) ventral setae, scape with 5–8, 6.2 (6) ventral setae.

Thorax. Antepronotum well developed, with 13–21, 17 (8) antepronotals. Large, ca. 200μm long, oval ScuT present. Dc uniserial 26–32, 29 (7) including humerals. Ac biserial or multiserial between vittae from ScuT diverging in turned V-shaped posteriorly, absent in front of ScuT. Medial scar present. Pa 10–19, 15.7 (6) uniserial, Su 1–2, 1.5 (4). Scts 12–15, 13.4 (5) in transverse row, and a group of 8–24, 17.8 (4) anterior fine setae present.

FIGURES 30–32. Dark spots on wing cell r4+5, numbering spots and measurement of distance between spots 3–4(d); 31. Measurement of lengths of gonocoxite and gonostylus. 32. Sensilla chaetica (left: T. nakazatoi sp. nov., male; right: T. kraatzi (Kieffer) , female).

Wing ( Fig. 4 ). Wing markings as in male. 95% (39/41) of specimens examined with 5 spots on cell4+5, remaining with 4 spots. Length of spots: Spot 3 ( Figs. 4 , 30) 160–290, 224μm (41), Spot 4 100–300, 189μm (41); distance between Spots 3–4 40 –100, 65μm (41), ratio distance Spots 3–4 by wing length 0.015–0.037, 0.026 (39). VR 1.02–1.11, 1.06 (9). RM and MCu darkened. Wing membrane with setae. Squamals 41–75, 51 (7).

Legs. Coloration as in male. Legs measurements in Table 4. Spur of foretibia 50–68, 59μm long (9), with 2–3, 2.6 teeth (9); outer spur of midtibia 39–60, 49μm long (9), with 2–3, 2.3 teeth (6); inner spur of midtibia 40–70, 51μm long (9), with 2–3, 2.5 teeth (6); outer spur of hind tibia 49–60, 54μm long (9), with 2 teeth (5); inner spur of hind tibia 60–75, 67μm long (9), with 2–3, 2.4 teeth (5), tibial comb with 5–6, 5.3 stout setae (8). Pulvilli absent. Claws palmate. Number of SCh on ta1 of mid leg 42–54, 48 (9).

Genitalia (Fig. 13). Seminal capsules not reticulated by two sets of lines perpendicular to each other, 70– 110, 92μm long (9), 50–90, 63μm wide (9). Spermathecal ducts not observed in any of the examined specimens. Gca VIII normal. Gp IX somewhat circular. No 250–360, 298μm long (9). Tergite IX completely fused with Gc IX to form a gonotergite IX, which without setae. Csa simple and straight. Segment X covered with microtrichia. Postgenital plate reduced.

Pupa (n = 5). Thoracic horn (Fig. 16) globose, asymmetrically biconvex, 650μm (1) long, plastron absent. Abdominal segments I–VI without lateral setae, segment VII with 6 taeniae, VIII with 5 taeniae, and anal lobe with 2 taeniae (Fig. 17). Langton (1991) called attention to the posterolateral corner of segment VIII and anal lobe in his key: projecting part of segment VIII shorter (longer and more acutely pointed in T. vilipennis ) and less acutely pointed in T. kraatzi (Fig. 18).

Larva (n = 51). Body length 6–7mm. Head without triangular pigmentation between tentorial lines (cf. Vallenduuk and M. Pillot 2007:29); basal antennal segment 160–210, 190μm (6), AR 4.0–6.8, 5.7 (6), RO located at 84% from the base of 1st segment ( Fig. 26 ). Ligula with 5 teeth; length of ligula 68–70, 76μm (15), basal width 33–49, 42μm (15), minimum width 30–55, 32μm (15), length /basal width 1.6–2.2, 1.8 (15); paraligula with 2 branches. Dorsomental teeth 5–6, 5.8 each side (12) ( Fig. 27 ). Apical part of mandible relatively small ( Fig. 28 ). Body, L-setae on prothorax 1 (4), on metathorax 4–5, 4.5 (4) in uniserial. According to Vallenduuk and Pillot (ibid), 1st larval segment (prothorax) of T. kraatzi bears less than 5 seate, and 2nd segment (metathorax) bears less than 10 setae. Three pairs of anal tubules pointed apically ( Fig. 29 ). Larvae of T. kraatzi prefer lentic and muddy substrates, and are widely distributed in Japan ( Fig. 34 ).

Figures

FIGURES 1 – 4. Wings. Scale 1000 μm. 1. Tanypus nakazatoi sp. nov., male; 2. T. nakazatoi sp. nov., female; 3. T. kraatzi (Kieffer), male; 4. T. kraatzi (Kieffer), female.

FIGURES 10 – 12. Tanypus nakazatoi sp. nov. adult female. Scale 10 – 12, 500 μm. 10. Head, 11. Antenna, 12. Genitalia. FIGURE 13. Tanypus kraatzi (Kieffer), adult female. Scale 500 μm. Genitalia.

FIGURES 25 – 29. Tanypus kraatzi (Kieffer), larva. Scale 25, 27, 28, 50 μm; 26, 100 μm; 29, 200 μm. 25. Ligula and paraligula, 26. Antenna, 27. Dorsomentum and M appendage, 28. Mandible, 29. Anal part.

FIGURES 33 – 34. Collecting sites of Tanypus nakazatoi sp. nov. (33) and Tanypus kraatzi (Kieffer) (34).