Amphibolips, Reinhard, 1865
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publication ID |
https://doi.org/ 10.11646/zootaxa.4938.3.4 |
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publication LSID |
lsid:zoobank.org:pub:5B7EA4EA-1507-4297-AC1B-CC1A3E2EF6D2 |
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DOI |
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4582331 |
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persistent identifier |
https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A0FD23-1870-1472-9FAE-FF28CEA37432 |
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treatment provided by |
Plazi |
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scientific name |
Amphibolips |
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Key to Amphibolips View in CoL View at ENA ‘ nassa -group’ galls
1. Galls underside of leaves............................................................................... 2
- Galls on buds........................................................................................ 4
2. Turgescent spherical galls ( Fig. 7A View FIGURE 7 ), turning into a raisin-like wrinkled mass when dry........................ A. turulli
- Solid galls, sometimes very fragile, never turgescent. Galls either spherical or toadstool shaped. Maintaining its shape when dry................................................................................................. 3
3. Toadstool-shaped galls, with elongated stem. Light green sometimes tinged with rose or pink when young. Internal solid spongious parenchyma ( Fig. 7D View FIGURE 7 )....................................................... A. quercuspomiformis (sex).
- Spherical fragile galls. Greenish when fresh and dark brown when dry. Internal space hollow-like with hard filaments radiating from larval chamber......................................................................... A. salicifoliae
4. Galls fusiform, with internal hollow, with filaments connecting central larval chamber with gall epidermis ( Figs 7C & 7H View FIGURE 7 ). Very fragile when dry and easily broken with minimal finger pressure................................................ 5
- Galls spherical to fusiform, with internal spongious parenchyma, sometimes soft, usually not break with finger pressure.... 6
5. Gall 20–25 mm long. Epidermis 1–2 mm thick. Internal space with thick and straight filaments radiating from larval chamber ( Fig. 7C View FIGURE 7 ). Fusiform galls with mottled surface ( Fig. 7B View FIGURE 7 )................................................ A. aliciae
- Gall average 100 mm long. Epidermis thin, less than 1mm thick. Internal space with thin and irregular filaments, inconspicuously radiating from larval chamber ( Fig. 7H View FIGURE 7 ). Fusiform galls with longitudinal ridges, not mottled.... A. magnigalla (part)
6. Gall elongated at base, with thick peduncle, central body subglobose, with smooth and mottled surface, never with apical tip......................................................................................... A. castroviejoi
- Gall different, globular without visible peduncle, sometimes with apical tip, or fusiform with both apical tip and thin peduncle ( Figs 6D, 6F, 6H View FIGURE 6 & 7 View FIGURE 7 E–I)............................................................................... 7
7. Multilocular gall with up to 50 larval chambers ( Fig. 6G View FIGURE 6 ). Surface yellowish to orange-rufous when mature, turning brownishorange when dry............................................................... A. quercuspomiformis (asex)
- Monolocular gall ( Fig. 6E View FIGURE 6 ). Green or brown when mature, sometimes mottled; turning to uniform brown when dry........ 8
8. Spherical or sub-spherical gall with neither apical tip nor peduncle, epidermis always smooth ( Figs 6D & F View FIGURE 6 )............. 9
- Different shape: Globular gall with apical tip ( Fig. 6H View FIGURE 6 ), fusiform ( Figs 7 View FIGURE 7 E–F), teardrop-shaped ( Fig. 7G View FIGURE 7 ), or globular with epidermis coarsely rugose ( Fig. 7I View FIGURE 7 )...................................................................... 12
9. Deformable under fingers pressure, parenchyma relatively soft. Uniformly light brown when dry ( Figs 6 View FIGURE 6 D–E).......................................................... A. hidalgoensis / A. jaliscensis / A. michoacaensis / A. nigrialatus
- Hard galls not deformable under finger pressure, with lignified parenchyma. Colour sometimes different............... 10
10. Regularly spherical. Surface light green with whitish mottles when mature; turning uniformly light brown when dry......................................................................................... A. oaxacae / A. tarasco
- Subspherical, with small elongation towards the base. Surface never mottled and darker in colour.................... 11
11. Small gall, up to 20 mm in diameter with dark brown surface ( Fig. 6F View FIGURE 6 )....................................................................................... A. comini nom. nov. (= A. kinseyi Cuesta-Porta & Pujade-Villar, 2020 )
- Usually large galls, up to 40 mm of diameter. Surface olive green when mature and turning brownish green when dry................................................................................................... A. bassae
12. Fusiform gall; peduncle subequal to apical tip ( Figs 7 View FIGURE 7 E–F).................................................... 13
- Globular gall; peduncle absent or distinctly shorter than apical tip ( Figs 6H View FIGURE 6 , 7G & 7I View FIGURE 7 ).............................. 16
13. Very elongated gall ( Fig. 7F View FIGURE 7 ), more than 10x as long as maximum width; peduncle and apical tip strongly elongate. Epidermis fragile, thin................................................................................... A. bromus
- Wide fusiform gall, 3.0x as long as maximum width; peduncle and apical tip less than several times longer than central body ( Fig. 7E View FIGURE 7 ). Epidermis firm, not fragile..................................................................... 14
14. Surface without longitudinal ridges, smooth, sometimes with faint granular aspect, ( Fig. 7E View FIGURE 7 ). Epidermis 1–2 mm thick................................................................................................... A. fusus
- Surface with longitudinal ridges, smooth. Epidermis thin, less than 1 mm thick................................... 15
15. Medium gall, less than 60– 50 mm long on average. Peduncle and apical tip strongly narrowed into needle-like elongation. Firm when dry................................................................................. A. durangensis
- Large gall, average 100 mm long. Gall narrowing steadily towards peduncle and apical tip. Fragile when dry................................................................................................ A. magnigalla (part)
16. Small hard gall, up to 20 mm in diameter, with rugose surface and short apical tip ( Fig. 7I View FIGURE 7 ). Epidermis thick, firm, with highly lignified parenchyma.......................................................................... A. cibriani
- Large gall, up to 60 mm in diameter, with smooth surface. Epidermis thin, firm or soft ( Figs 6H View FIGURE 6 & 7G View FIGURE 7 ). If firm, apical tip is the result of longitudinal elongation of gall ( Fig. 7G View FIGURE 7 )........................................................... 17
17. Teardrop shaped gall ( Fig. 7G View FIGURE 7 ). Hard, do not deform at finger pressure. Surface usually mottled.Apical tip elongated, gradually narrowing apically, following more or less the shape of the gall................................................ 18
- Subglobular gall ( Fig. 6H View FIGURE 6 ), can be deformed with applied finger pressure. Surface uniform in colour. Apical tip short..... 20
18. Globular gall, small size (around 20x 15 mm), gradually narrowing and ending in a short apical point, with mottled surface. On Q. calophylla View in CoL .............................................................................. A. nevadensis
- Rather large gall, longer than wide (up to 55x 35 mm), slightly spindle-shaped at apex with long tip, surface mottled or not, host different........................................................................................... 19
19. Gall surface never mottled, uniformly brown. Apical tip narrow and slightly tortuous. On Q. castanea View in CoL ............ A. nassa
- Gall surface mottled ( Fig. 7G View FIGURE 7 ). Apical tip straight, narrowing gradually following the shape of the gall. On Q. eduardi View in CoL , Q. emoryi View in CoL and Q. viminea View in CoL ............................................................................... A. rulli
20. Surface yellowish brown. Internal tissue uniformly light brown, relatively consistent, firm. Apical tip short and narrow, sometimes bent ( Fig. 6H View FIGURE 6 )....................................................................... A. zacatecaensis
- Surface chestnut brown. Internal tissue white to rosy around larval chamber, soft, cotton-like; light brown towards surface. Apical tip short, but broad.............................................................. A. dampfi / A. kinseyi
No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.