Euglossa (Euglossella) perviridis Dressler

Hinojosa-Díaz, Ismael A. & Engel, Michael S., 2014, Revision of the orchid bee subgenus Euglossella (Hymenoptera: Apidae), Part II: The viridis and mandibularis species groups, Journal of Melittology 36, pp. 1-108 : 51-56

Euglossa (Euglossella) perviridis Dressler

( Figs. 67–79 , 150 , 160 , 170 )

Euglossa (Euglossella) perviridis Dressler, 1985: 79 [♂]. Holotype ♂ (USNM, visum).

DIAGNOSIS: Labiomaxillary complex in repose reaching second metasomal sternum in both sexes (slightly longer in male); upper and lower interorbital distances equal (or only marginally different) ( Figs. 71–72 ); malar area short (less than 0.25 mm, or noticeably shorter than diameter of mid-flagellar articles ( Figs. 71–72 ); pronotal dorsolateral angle projected as a lamella; male mesotibial tufts as follows: anterior tuft rhomboid, long (maximum length exceeding mid-width of velvety area) and wide (mid-width exceeding width of contiguous section of velvety area), posterior tuft circular-ovoid ( Figs. 73 , 150 ); female mesoscutellar tuft teardrop shaped, composed of dense, dark setae, occupying two thirds of mesoscutellum length ( Fig. 69 ); male mesobasitarsus with posterior keel projected in an acute angle ( Fig. 75 ); female metabasitarsus with anterior margin convex and posterior margin straight ( Fig. 76 ); second metasomal sternum of male with two, simple meso-lateral tufts; width of metasoma and head only marginally different (much less than 1.05 times) in male ( Fig. 67 ), metasoma wider than head (about 1.07 times) in female ( Figs. 69 ); head green ( Figs. 71–72 ); male with paraocular marks trapezoidal, lower width about half length of lower lateral part of clypeus ( Fig. 71 ); scape of male with ivory spot covering almost entire anterior surface ( Fig. 71 ), absent in female ( Fig. 72 ); mesosoma and metasomal terga green ( Figs. 67–70 , 77–79 ); male mesoscutellum moderately punctate (punctures separated by one to two puncture diameters) ( Fig. 77 ); mesepisternum densely punctate (punctures contiguous in central areas) (for males this is the most densely punctured mesepisternum of all species in the group) ( Fig. 78 ); metasomal terga densely imbricate-punctate ( Fig. 79 ); mesosomal vestiture dominated by fuscous setae, slightly darker than in other species ( Figs. 67–70 , 77–78 ); eighth metasomal sternum posterior section very narrow as a slender cylinder; gonocoxite dorsal process about as wide as long ( Fig. 160 ); gonostylar lateral section with well-developed “secondary” lobe (convexity of posterior margin of basal sector) almost as long as adjacent ventral lobe, covered with dense setae reaching posterior margin of blades of penis valve.

DESCRIPTION: ♂: Structure. Total body length 9.74 mm (9.33–10.00; n=4); labiomaxillary complex in repose reaching second metasomal sternum ( Fig. 68 ). Head length 2.53 mm (2.41–2.67; n=4), width 4.46 mm (4.26–4.59; n=4); upper interorbital distance 2.01 mm (1.93–2.04; n=4); lower interorbital distance 2.01 mm (1.93–2.04; n=4); upper clypeal width 1.16 mm (1.11–1.19; n=4); lower clypeal width 1.87 mm (1.81–1.93; n=4); clypeal protuberance 0.59 mm (0.52–0.67; n=4); clypeal ridges, labral ridges, and labral windows as described for E. viridis , paramedial ridges orientation intermediate between condition observed in E. viridis and males of E. cyanea ; labrum wider than long, length 0.87 mm (0.79–0.89; n=4), width 1.07 mm (1.01–1.11; n=4) ( Fig. 71 ); interocellar distance 0.32 mm (0.30–0.33; n=4); ocellocular distance 0.59 mm (n=4); first flagellar article longer [0.60 mm (0.52–0.67; n=4)] than second and third flagellar articles combined [0.39 mm (0.33–0.44; n=4)]; length of malar area 0.19 mm (0.15–0.22; n=4). Mandible tridentate. Pronotal dorsolateral angle projected posterolaterally as a truncate lamella; intertegular distance 3.35 mm (3.11–3.56; n=4); mesoscutal length 2.52 mm (2.44–2.67; n=4); mesoscutellar length 1.13 mm (1.08–1.19; n=4); posterior margin of mesoscutellum truncate along most of its length (laterally rounded) ( Fig. 77 ); mesotibial length 2.19 mm (2.07–2.30; n=4); mesobasitarsal length 2.18 mm (2.07–2.22; n=4), width 0.69 mm (0.64–0.73; n=4) (measured at proximal posterior keel), posterior keel projected in an acute angle, with proximal margin (between mesotibia-mesobasitarsus joint and apex of keel) appearing straight (slightly convex) ( Fig. 75 ); metatibia triangular (scalene triangular) ( Fig. 74 ), maximum thickness 1.27 mm (1.19–1.41; n=4); metatibial anterior margin length 3.48 mm (3.41–3.56; n=4), ventral margin length 2.24 mm (2.07–2.37; n=4), postero-dorsal margin length 4.35 mm (4.22–4.44; n=4); metatibial organ slit as described for E. viridis , dorsal section length 0.52 mm (n=4); metabasitarsal length 2.11 mm (1.93–2.22; n=4), mid-width 0.80 mm (0.74–0.89; n=4); metabasitarsal ventral margin truncate. Forewing length 8.41 mm (8.00–8.74; n=4); jugal comb with 12–15 (n=4) blades; hind wing with 18–20 (n=4) hamuli. Maximum metasomal width 4.49 mm (4.22–4.74; n=4); second metasomal sternum with two meso-lateral tufts separated by twice width of an individual tuft.

Coloration. Head green throughout with golden hue (except as described below), and light cyan on vertex, especially on ocellar triangle as well as on frons along frontal fringe area, also with some cyan highlights along subantennal sulcus and upper section of epistomal sulcus (between subantennal sulci); paraocular ivory marks well developed, trapezoidal, lower width about half of length of lower lateral part of clypeus; remainder of head as described for E. viridis ( Figs. 67–68 , 71 ). Mesosoma metallic green with bronzy-golden hue (more noticeable on mesepisternum) ( Figs. 67–68 , 77– 78 ); legs with noticeable brown-amber basal coloration, highly combined with green coloration and golden hue, metabasitarsus with some cyan-blue iridescence, otherwise as described for E. viridis ( Figs. 68 , 74 ). Metasomal terga green with golden hue, first and second terga with faint cyan iridescence on posterior half ( Fig. 79 ); sterna metallic green with golden hue, first metasomal sternum and mid-section of second metasomal sternum with strong amber hue.

Sculpturing. Head as described for E. viridis ( Fig. 71 ). Mesoscutum and mesoscutellum as described for E. azurea ( Figs. 67 , 77 ); mesepisternum with strong dense punctation on lateral-facing areas (densest of all species in the group), punctures contiguous with no smooth areas between them ( Fig. 78 ). Metasomal terga densely punctate, first to fourth terga with minute contiguous punctures, fifth to sixth similar but punctures slightly larger, seventh tergum with punctures about double or triple size of punctures on sixth tergum ( Fig. 79 ); metasomal sterna as in E. viridis .

Vestiture. Head as described for E. viridis ( Fig. 71 ). Mesosoma as described for E. viridis ( Figs. 67–68 , 77–78 ); legs, including features of mesotibia, as described for E. viridis ( Figs. 73–74 , 150 ). Metasoma as described for E. viridis ( Fig. 79 ).

Terminalia. Hidden sterna and genital capsule as described for E. viridis ( Fig. 160 ).

♀ (previously unknown): Structure. Total body length 11.26 mm (11.04–11.48; n=2); labiomaxillary complex in repose reaching second metasomal sternum ( Fig. 70 ). Head length 2.45 mm (2.41–2.48; n=2); head width 4.29 mm (4.22–4.35; n=2); upper interorbital distance 2.09 mm (2.07–2.11; n=2); lower interorbital distance 2.06 mm (2.04– 2.07; n=2); upper clypeal width 1.15 mm (1.11–1.19; n=2); lower clypeal width 1.80 mm (1.76–1.83; n=2); clypeal protuberance 0.54 mm (0.52–0.56; n=2); clypeal ridges, labral ridges, and labral windows as described for E. viridis , paramedial ridges orientation closer to condition in males of E. cyanea ; labrum rectangular, wider than long, length 0.89 mm (n=2), width 1.04 mm (n=2); anterior margin of labrum arched outwards with subapical carina; interocellar distance 0.32 mm (0.31–0.33; n=2) ( Fig. 72 ); ocellocular distance 0.62 mm (0.61–0.63; n=2); first flagellar article longer [0.52 mm (n=2)] than second and third flagellar articles combined [0.39 mm (0.37–0.41; n=2)]; length of malar area 0.11 mm (n=2). Mandible tridentate. Pronotal dorsolateral angle as in E. viridis ; intertegular distance 3.30 mm (3.26–3.33; n=2); mesoscutal length 2.52 mm (n=2); mesoscutellar length 1.18 mm (1.17–1.18; n=2); posterior margin of mesoscutellum as in E. viridis ( Fig. 69 ); mesotibial length 1.93 mm (n=2); mesobasitarsal length 1.91 mm (1.85–1.96; n=2), maximum width 0.59 mm (n=2); metatibia triangular (right triangle) ( Fig. 76 ); metatibial anterior margin length 2.91 mm (2.78–3.04; n=2); metatibial ventral margin length 1.74 mm (1.70–1.78; n=2); metatibial postero-dorsal margin length 3.13 mm (3.07–3.19; n=2); metabasitarsal length 1.62 mm (1.56–1.67; n=2), proximal margin width 0.81 mm (n=2). Forewing length 7.56 mm (7.48–7.63; n=2); hind wing with 18–21 (n=2) hamuli. Maximum metasomal width 4.58 mm (4.52–4.63; n=2).

Coloration. As described for males of same species (vide supra), except frons and vertex with more noticeable cyan-blue coloration, legs with more noticeable blue-green hue, and some purple highlights on metabasitarsus ( Figs. 69–70 , 72, 76 ).

Sculpturing. Overall sculpturing as in males of same species ( Figs. 69–70 , 72 ).

Vestiture. Head, mesosoma, and metasoma as in E. viridis . Mesoscutellar tuft and corbicula as in females of E. viridis / azurea ( Figs. 69–70 , 72, 76 ).

HOLOTYPE: ♂, Peru : “ PERU: Madre de Dios; 30km sw P.Maldonado; 28 Feb. 1983; D.L. Pearson [date, except fist two digits of year, handwritten] // terre firma // P-Cymene [handwritten] // HOLOTYPE; Euglossa perviridis Dressler ; det. R. L.Dressler, 1984 [red label]” ( USNM).

ADDITIONAL MATERIAL EXAMINED (9♂♂, 2♀♀): Brazil: 1♂, “Ouro Preto; d’Oeste, RO. [Brazil, Rondônia ]; 20.VIIII 1987; C. Elias, Leg [day and month handwritten]” ( DZUP). Bolivia [new record] : 3♂♂, “ On Fls. [Flowers] of small palm + pungent scent [handwritten] // BOLIVIA: Pando,; Porvenir 30km. S.; Cobija. 250m.; 5–10.VII.1979. M. Cooper; B.M. 1979-397 // Euglossa ; ( Euglossella ); perviridis Dressler ♂; Det. I. Hinojosa-Díaz 2011” ( NHML). Peru : 3♂♂, as for holotype except label indicating chemical used to collect “ Anisyl Acetate ”, and type label reading “ PARATYPE ” (two in FSCA, one in SEMC) . 1♂, labeled as holotype except date “ 22 Feb 1983 ”, chemical “ Eugenol”, and type label reading “ PARATYPE ” ( MUSM) . 1♂, “ PERU: Huánuco, Llulla-; pichis, Río Pachitea ; 26 I 1975; R. L. Dressler 1590 [date day and last number handwritten] // PARATYPE; Euglossa ; perviridis Dressler ; det. R. L.Dressler, 1984 [label with red margins]” ( FSCA) . 1♀, “ PERU: Madre de Dios; Pantiacolla Lodge, 5.5 km NW; El Mirador Trail , Alto Madre de; Dios River , 500 m; 12°39’10”S, 71°15’28”W; 23–26 OCT 2000; R.Brooks; PERU 1800 100; ex: flight intercept trap // [barcode]; SM0263639 ; KUNHM-ENT // Euglossa ; ( Euglossella ) ♀; perviridis Dressler ; Det. I.Hinojosa-Díaz 2012” ( SEMC) . 1♀, as previous except barcode number “ SM0263645 ” ( SEMC) .

COMMENTS: Dressler (1985) recognized this species based on the distinctive “plain” green coloration and the denser sculpturing on the mesoscutum in males (females were unknown at the time of the original description). The coloration of males is certainly distinctive, as is the sculpturing, although this is more clearly appreciated on the mesepisternum. Males of E. perviridis have the densest mesepisternal punctation of all species in the viridis group ( Fig. 78 ). The metasoma is distinctive in that the punctures across terga are more homogeneous in shape, particularly on the fourth metasomal tergum where they are similar to those on the more anterior terga (round), while in males of other species the punctures of the fourth tergum are elongate. Because the mesotibial tufts are comparable to those of E. viridis , and given that entirely green males are present in E. viridis , the features of sculpturing are the most reliable traits for the recognition of males of E. perviridis . The females, described here for the first time, have a denser punctation when compared to females of other species (but refer to the descriptions of the next three species, infra), and are also recognizable for their largely green coloration despite patches of cyan-blue on the head and some bluish coloration on the legs. There is a noticeable difference in the ratio of the widths of the metasoma and head when comparing the two females known to males. Nonetheless, we feel confident in ascribing these females to E. perviridis given that both sexes share the distinctive features of sculpturing and their distribution accords with records of the males.

Euglossa perviridis is known from the southwestern Amazon Basin in Peru, Brazil, and Bolivia, the latter newly recorded here ( Fig. 170 ). References to the species as being present in Colombia (Bonilla-Gómez & Nates-Parra, 1992; Ramírez et al., 2002), are based on unconfirmed records and most likely misidentifications. Unfortunately, we have not had the opportunity to examine the material upon which they based their conclusions.

Figures

Figure 170. Collection localities for species of Euglossella Moure, viridis and mandibularis species groups [also showing localities for females attributable only to Euglossa (Euglossella) viridis (Perty)/azurea Ducke]. Locality points are based on examined specimens.

Figures 67–68. Euglossa (Euglossella) perviridis Dressler, male. 67. Dorsal habitus. 68. Lateral habitus.

Figures 69–70. Euglossa (Euglossella) perviridis Dressler, female. 69. Dorsal habitus. 70. Lateral habitus.

Figures 71–79. Euglossa (Euglossella) perviridis Dressler. 71. Facial aspect of male. 72. Facial aspect of female. 73. Mesotibial tufts of male. 74. Outer view of male hind leg. 75. Proximal section of male mesobasitarsus. 76. Outer view of female hind leg. 77. Mesoscutellum of male holotype. 78. Lateral part of mesepisternum of male. 79. Dorsal view of male metasomal terga.

Figures 144–154. Outer view of mesotibiae of males of species of Euglossella Moure, viridis and mandibularis species groups. 144. Euglossa (Euglossella) viridis (Perty). 145. E. (E.) azurea Ducke. 146. E. (E.) celiae, new species. 147. E. (E.) cyanea Friese. 148. E. (E.) subandina, new species. 149. E. (E.) polita Ducke. 150. E. (E.) perviridis Dressler. 151. E. (E.) cyanura Cockerell. 152. E. (E.) granti Cheesman. 153. E. (E.) mandibularis Friese. 154. E. (E.) bigibba Dressler.

Figures 155–163. Dorsal view of genital capsule of males of Euglossella Moure, viridis and mandibularis species groups. 155. Euglossa (Euglossella) azurea Ducke. 156. E. (E.) celiae, new species. 157. E. (E.) cyanea Friese. 158. E. (E.) subandina, new species. 159. E. (E.) polita Ducke. 160. E. (E.) perviridis Dressler. 161. E. (E.) cyanura Cockerell. 162. E. (E.) granti Cheesman. 163. E. (E.) bigibba Dressler.