Euglossa (Euglossella) viridis (Perty)

Hinojosa-Díaz, Ismael A. & Engel, Michael S., 2014, Revision of the orchid bee subgenus Euglossella (Hymenoptera: Apidae), Part II: The viridis and mandibularis species groups, Journal of Melittology 36, pp. 1-108 : 12-21

Euglossa (Euglossella) viridis (Perty)

( Figs. 1 –15, 144, 164, 170)

Cnemidium viride Perty, 1833: 149 [♂]. Holotype ♂ (ZSSM, visum).

Euglossa (Cnemidium) viridis (Perty) : Hedicke, 1936: 75.

Euglossa affinis Dominique, 1898: 58 [♂?]. Lectotype ♂ (MHNN, type examined through photographs). Synonymy by Rasmussen et al. (2007).

DIAGNOSIS: Labiomaxillary complex in repose reaching first to second metasomal sternum; upper and lower interorbital distances equal ( Fig. 3 ); malar area short (less than 0.25 mm, noticeably shorter than diameter of mid-flagellar articles) ( Fig. 3 ); pronotal dorsolateral angle projected as a lamella; mesotibial tufts as follows: anterior tuft rhomboid, long (maximum length exceeding mid-width of velvety area) and wide (mid-width exceeding width of contiguous section of velvety area), posterior tuft circular-ovoid ( Figs. 4 , 144 ); mesobasitarsal posterior keel acutely projected ( Fig. 8 ); second metasomal sternum with two simple meso-lateral tufts; width of metasoma and head only marginally different (less than 1.05 times) ( Fig. 1 ); head mainly green with some blue areas ( Fig. 3 ); paraocular marks trapezoidal, lower width about two-thirds length of lower lateral part of clypeus ( Figs. 2–3 ); scape with ivory spot covering almost entire anterior surface ( Fig. 3 ); mesosoma (except mesoscutellum) mainly dark green with blue-purple intergradations and bronzy iridescence ( Figs. 1–2 ), mesoscutellum blue-purple ( Fig. 7 ); first to third metasomal terga mainly blue, remaining terga progressively green ( Fig. 9 ); mesoscutellum densely punctate, especially antero-mesally (contiguous punctures) ( Fig. 7 ); central area of mesepisternum densely punctate (punctures separated by no more than two-thirds a puncture diameter) ( Fig. 6 ); metasomal terga densely imbricate-punctate evenly ( Fig. 9 ); mesosoma vestiture dominated by pale-fuscous setae ( Figs. 1–2 , 6–7 ); eighth metasomal sternum posterior section very narrow as a slender cylinder ( Figs. 11 –12); gonocoxite dorsal process about as wide as long (Fig. 13); gonostylar lateral section with well-developed secondary lobe (convexity of posterior margin of basal sector) almost as long as adjacent ventral lobe, covered with dense setae reaching posterior margin of blades of penis valve (Figs. 15, 164).

DESCRIPTION: ♂: Structure. Total body length 10.66 mm (9.64–11.79; n=4); labiomaxillary complex in repose reaching second metasomal sternum ( Fig. 2 ). Head length 2.38 mm (2.22–2.44; n=4), width 4.29 mm (4.15–4.41; n=4); upper interorbital distance 1.95 mm (1.89–2.00; n=4); lower interorbital distance 1.95 mm (1.93–2.00; n=4); upper clypeal width 1.07 mm (1.04–1.11; n=4) (measured between dorsolateral angles of clypeus); lower clypeal width 1.83 mm (1.79–1.86; n=4) (measured at widest section of lower lateral parts); clypeal protuberance 0.54 mm (0.50–0.64; n=4) [following measurement method of Brooks (1988)]; medial and paramedial clypeal ridges sharp, paramedial ridges oblique with respect to medial ridge, forming a trapezoidal clypeal disc (raised section between paramedial ridges); labrum wider than long, length 0.88 mm (0.82–0.96; n=4), width 1.03 mm (1.00–1.07; n=4) ( Fig. 3 ); medial labral ridge sharp; paramedial labral ridges weak, oblique, present in proximal two-thirds of labrum; labral windows ovoid, occupying proximal half of labrum; interocellar distance 0.29 mm (0.26–0.31; n=4); ocellocular distance 0.54 mm (0.50–0.57; n=4); first flagellar article longer [0.55 mm (0.54–0.57; n=4)] than second and third flagellar articles combined [0.37 mm (0.36–0.39; n=4)]; length of malar area 0.16 mm (0.14–0.17; n=4). Mandible tridentate. Pronotal dorsolateral angle projected posterolaterally as a truncate lamella; intertegular distance 3.35 mm (3.21–3.50; n=4); mesoscutal length 2.57 mm (2.43–2.64; n=4); mesoscutellar length 1.19 mm (1.14–1.21; n=4); posterior margin of mesoscutellum appearing truncate along most of its length (laterally rounded) ( Fig. 7 ); mesotibial length 2.12 mm (2.07–2.14; n=4); mesobasitarsal length 2.16 mm (2.14–2.21; n=4), width 0.67 mm (0.64–0.71; n=4) (measured at proximal posterior keel), posterior keel project- ed in an acute angle, with proximal margin (between mesotibia-mesobasitarsus joint and apex of keel) appearing straight (slightly convex) ( Fig. 8 ); metatibia triangular (scalene triangular) ( Fig. 5 ), maximum thickness 1.19 mm (1.14–1.21; n=3); metatibial anterior margin length 3.12 mm (3.00–3.29; n=3), ventral margin length 2.09 mm (2.07– 2.14; n=3), postero-dorsal margin length 4.23 mm (4.11–4.43; n=3); metatibial organ slit dorsal and outer sections well defined with a junction narrower than contiguous width of dorsal section [as described for subgenus by Hinojosa-Díaz & Engel (2011a)]; outer section of metatibial organ slit lanceolate, maximum width occupying about one-third of metatibial outer surface width, anterior margin strongly convex ( Fig. 5 ); dorsal section of metatibial organ slit rhomboid, length 0.62 mm (0.61–0.64; n=3); metabasitarsal length 2.00 mm, mid-width 0.74 mm (0.71–0.79; n=3); metabasitarsal ventral border truncate. Forewing length 8.32 mm (8.21–8.57; n=4); jugal comb with 7–11 (n=4) blades; hind wing with 16–20 (n=4) hamuli. Maximum metasomal width 4.45 mm (4.29–4.57; n=4); second metasomal sternum with two meso-lateral tufts separated by twice width of an individual tuft.

Coloration. Head mainly green (except as described below), vertex blue especially on ocellar triangle, also with some blue highlights along subantennal sulcus and upper section of epistomal sulcus (between subantennal sulci); paraocular ivory marks well developed, trapezoidal, lower width about two thirds of length of lower lateral part of clypeus; lower lateral part of clypeus ivory, amber-translucent at margin; labrum ivory, posterior and lateral margins as well as labral windows amber-translucent (anterior margin very narrowly amber-translucent); malar area ivory, brown on narrow areas on acetabular and condylar joints; mandible ivory on outer surface, teeth and inner surface brown; antenna brown, lighter on anterior surface of flagellum; scape with ivory spot covering most of area on anterior surface ( Fig. 3 ). Prothorax, mesoscutum, tegula, mesepisternum, metepisternum, and propodeum mainly dark green, intergrading to blue-purple (more noticeable on mesoscutum, tegula, and propodeum); mesepisternum with faint bronzy iridescence towards preomaular area, markedly on smooth mesial surface and preomaular spot ( Figs. 1–2 , 6–7 ); mesoscutellum blue-purple with few intergradations of green; legs green to green-blue (except as indicated) with blue-purple and bronze iridescence, inner surfaces of all coxae, femora, tibiae, and basitarsi as well as entire surface of all tarsomeres beyond basitarsi amber-bronze with scarce green hue, pretarsal claws light brown at shaft, darker at tip ( Figs. 1–2 , 5 ). First to third metasomal terga blue to blue-purple with some green iridescence, especially on lateral margins, remaining terga progressively becoming green with some blue iridescence which disappears almost totally on seventh tergum ( Fig. 9 ). Metasomal sterna green with bronze iridescence, first sternum with strong amber-bronze hue all over and some bluish hue anteriorly, mid-section of second sternum also with amber-bronze hue; all sterna with narrow posterior margins amber-bronze.

Sculpturing. Head integument strongly areolate except on small localized areas (vide infra), areolae on frons around 0.1x mid-ocellar diameter (appearing more like dense punctures) and gradually increasing in size towards lower areas on face, especially large (around 0.25x mid-ocellar diameter) between paramedial ridges of clypeus and upper section of antennal depressions ( Fig. 3 ); paraocular areas also with large areolae, ivory integument of paraocular lines smooth; vertex smooth on anterior area to ocellar triangle, bearing scattered, small punctures as a transition to strongly areolate frons; gena shallowly areolate becoming punctate at margin along compound eye, punctures of dual nature, some large separated by about a puncture diameter while others of minute size and scattered among larger punctures. Mesosoma with round, dense punctures (around 0.10–0.15x mid-ocellar diameter) on mesoscutum, separated by less than one puncture diameter (almost contiguous in denser areas), slightly spars- er along posterior section of median line and entire length of parapsidal lines ( Fig. 1 ); mesoscutellum densely punctate, punctures of two different sizes, major punctures twice as big as on mesoscutum, longitudinally elongate, especially dense antero-mesally (contiguous), puncture size increasing posteriorly while density decreases in same direction such that near posterior margin punctures separated by one or two puncture diameters, minor punctures about one-third width of major punctures and intercalated in a ratio of about one minor puncture per five major punctures ( Fig. 7 ); mesepisternum densely punctate (punctures separated by no more than two-thirds a puncture diameter except as noted hereafter), punctures rather elongate, size intermediate to that of punctures on mesoscutum and mesoscutellum, appearing particularly dense and imbricate on upper areas, and becoming less dense (punctures separated by one puncture diameter) on lower areas towards venter (density decreases below upper limit of mesocoxal joint) ( Fig. 6 ); preomaular section of mesepisternum with mesal smooth area contiguous to inner margin followed laterally by an oval micropunctate area (preomaular spot) about half size of pronotal lobe; hypoepimeral area moderately punctate, puncture size as on mesoscutum although shallower, separated by one puncture diameter; metatibia moderately dense punctate (separated by less than half a puncture diameter) on proximal area, punctures of two different sizes as on mesoscutellum (major punctures elongated posteriorly, shallow, as big as or bigger than punctures on mesoscutellum), becoming gradually smooth towards ventral bor- der and contiguous area to metatibial organ slit ( Fig. 5 ). All metasomal terga densely imbricate-punctate with a narrow smooth band along posterior margin ( Fig. 9 ), otherwise as follows: first tergum with antero-mesal half of dorsal surface, as well as ventral sections, smooth, remainder of tergum imbricate-punctate, puncture size on anterior area as on mesoscutum, decreasing halfway to posterior margin, becoming about size of smaller punctures on mesoscutum; second tergum with punctures as big as those on mid-posterior area of first tergum and as dense as on denser areas of first tergum, density of punctures with minor variation along length of tergum, becoming slightly smaller towards posterior area; third to seventh metasomal terga densely punctate, punctures oval-shaped (at least more noticeably elongated than on second tergum), slightly decreasing in size from anterior margin; sterna imbricate-punctate with a narrow smooth band on posterior margin, puncture size and arrangement as on third tergum, puncture density decreasing mesally, especially on first and second metasomal sterna.

Vestiture. Frontal fringe setae moderately dense, composed of two kinds of setae, most dark brown, minutely branched (appearing serrate or simple), intermixed with pale plumose setae, more numerous towards lower section of fringe, setal length about 0.5 mm; vertex with same two kinds of setae although sparser than those on frontal fringe, denser along preoccipital ridge, dark brown setae about twice as long as those on frontal fringe, some of them in interocellar area; antennal depressions with moderately-dense, pale, plumose setae; lower paraocular areas along epistomal sulcus with moderately-dense, pale, minutely-plumose setae, a few dark brown, simple setae on area of convergence of subantennal and epistomal sulci; remainder of face, including labrum, malar area, and outer (anterior) surface of mandible, covered with scattered, pale, minute setae; gena with dense, whitish, plumose setae, short on upper section (close to vertex) and increasing in length towards lower section (also on ventral surfaces of malar area and mandible), intermixed with some scattered, dark brown, short, erect, sturdy setae that run mainly along margin of compound eye; scape and pedicel with scattered, dark brown, short, erect, sturdy setae, pedicel and flagellum covered with dense, pale, very minute, simple setae ( Figs. 1–3 ). Dorsal area of mesosoma (i.e., mesoscutum and mesoscutellum) covered with moderately-dense setae, most whitish, some others dark brown (noticeably bordering posterior margin of mesoscutellum), latter of same nature and size (mostly) of those on facial frontal fringe, while whitish setae variable in size [some of them relatively long (almost as long as brown setae) but most of them short] and structure (plumose on anterior-most section of mesoscutum, simple on most of surface); tegula with moderately-dense, whitish, short, simple setae, except on anterior third where they are mostly dark brown and noticeably branched; remainder of mesosoma (pleural, ventral, anterior, and posterior surfaces) covered with dense, whitish to pale fulvous, plumose setae, generally as long as setae on lower section of gena, except as follows: smooth spots on anterior section of mesepisternum bare, pronotal lobe and contiguous areas of mesoscutum (antero-lateral corner) and mesepisternum (below the tegula) with numerous dark brown, branched (serrate) setae, appearing thicker and sturdier than plumose, whitish setae; proximal podites (mainly coxae, trochanters, and part of femora) with setae as on ventral part of mesosoma ( Figs. 1–2 ); whitish, minutely-plumose (appearing simple) setae on femora (except as previously noted) and tibiae (exceptions noted hereafter), shorter on anterior surfaces, light fulvous towards distal ends of tibiae and outer surface of tarsomeres; chemical-gathering tufts on second through fourth protarsomeres composed of dense, brown, minutely-plumose, long, setae; inner surfaces of probasitarsus, meso- and metatarsomeres with dense, dark brown, sturdy setae; mesotibia with two proximal tufts, anterior tuft rhomboid, long (maximum length exceeding mid-width of velvety area) and wide (mid-width exceeding width of contiguous section of velvety area), posterior tuft circular-ovoid, about 0.30x length of major axis of anterior tuft, both tufts made of fulvous setae directed posteriad that do not overpass concavity of each tuft; both tufts distinguishable as separate units with a noticeable integumental band between them ( Figs. 4 , 144 ); mesobasitarsus with three major wavy setae on inner surface right after proximal keel, all brown; metatibia with whitish, simple setae, relatively dense and long on anterior border and even longer on distal half of dorso-posterior border, outer surface with scattered, brown, short, erect setae, bare on contiguous depression to metatibial organ; metatibial organ slit closed with brown setae ( Fig. 5 ). Metasoma covered with whitish, simple setae, moderately dense, long and erect on sterna (except as described hereafter), antero-lateral corners and anterior border of first metasomal tergum, lateral margins of second through sixth terga, and posterior margin of seventh tergum; all terga dorsally covered with moderately dense, whitish, simple, appressed, minute setae, intermixed with scattered, erect, longer setae of same color, as well as with some brownish, also scattered, erect (sturdier) shorter setae, these last especially located on apical terga; tufts on second sternum (vide Structure, supra) composed of whitish to fulvous, simple, long setae, directed posteriorly, barely over-passing posterior margin of sternum.

Terminalia. Posterior margin of seventh metasomal sternum invaginated mesially, forming a shallow incision separating discal lobes; setae on discal margin simple, as long as sternal disc, growing in groups of four or five simple setae on each lobe ( Fig. 10 ). Anterior section of eighth metasomal sternum about as wide as long (not considering lateral arms); posterior section of eighth metasomal sternum with basal lobes rhomboid, projected posteriorly (longer axis of rhombus running longitudinally), posterior section after basal lobes very narrow in both lateral and dorsal planes, appearing like an elongate cylinder, apically hooked; moderately dense, long, plumose setae inserted mainly on ventral surface of lobes, some scattered, simple setae also on ventral surface of narrowed posterior section, becoming shorter apically ( Figs. 11 –12). Dorsal process of gonocoxite about as wide as long (Fig. 13). Gonostylar lateral section with ventral lobe thumb-shaped, slightly acute apically, basal sector adjacent to ventral lobe very well developed with a noticeable “secondary” lobe produced by convexity of its posterior margin, “secondary” lobe almost as long as ventral lobe, forming a right to acute angle between both lobes; ventral lobe with moderately dense, light, simple setae mainly on outer surface (very few on inner surface, principally towards apex), secondary lobe of basal sector with dense, fulvous setae plumose in their apical halves, length of these almost reaching posterior margin of blades of penis valve (Figs. 15, 164). Spatha as long as its basal width with noticeable longitudinal wrinkles (Fig. 13).

♀: Refer to section on females of E. viridis / azurea (vide infra).

HOLOTYPE: ♂, Brazil: “Type [brown label] // 1.; Brasil; C.; viride Pty [handwritten] // Brasilien,; Coll. Perty [green label, handwritten] // Euglossa sp. ;? { cordata [or] variabilis ; det. Friese 1898 [species names handwritten] // Euglossa ; viridis Pty. ; ( = azurea Ducke ); 1936 det. Hedicke [species name handwritten] // Euglossa ; viridis perty; hat Priorität; Hedicke’36 [handwritten] // Holotypus; Cnemidium viride ; Perty S, Diller 1989; Zoologische; Staatssammlg. München [pink label, species name handwritten]” ( ZSSM).

ADDITIONAL MATERIAL EXAMINED (35♂♂): Brazil: 1♂, “ IBUSP, São Paulo, SP 11:47; Brasil 15 2 1984.; Col: F. R.N.K,; Eugl A5/ Juréia [all handwritten except locality] // Euglossa ; ( Euglossella ); viridis (Perty) ♂; Det. I. Hinojosa-Díaz 2011” ( DZUP) . 1♂, “São Sebastião SP BR [São Paulo, Brazil ]; Mata-Guaecá; 17/XII/99-Eugenol; Mateus S. Leg // E. aff. viridis ; A. NEMÉSIO det 2007” ( BHMH) . 1♂, “Brasil – AM; Titirico ; 14-4-1964; J. & B. Bechyne // Euglossa ; viridis (Perty) ; Det. R. L. Dressler 1968” ( FSCA) . 1♂, “BRAZIL: Bahia:; Itabuna; 4 XI 1968; R. L. Dressler; 1229 [mixed handwritten]// Eugenol [upside down] // Euglossa ; ( Euglossella ); viridis (Perty) ♂; Det I. Hinojosa-Díaz 2012” ( FSCA) . 1♂, “BRASIL Guapore; Abunã, Nov. ’62; (W. Bokermann) // Euglossa ; viridis (Perty) ; Dressler, 1967 [handwritten]” ( SEMC) . 1♂, “[Brazil] S. Gabriel; Rio Negro ,; Amaz. [Amazonas] 30. VIII. 1923; J. F. Zikán // Euglossa ; ( Euglossella ); viridis (Perty) ♂; Det I. Hinojosa-Díaz 2012” ( FSCA) . 1♂, “ Brazil [round label handwritten] // E. (Euglossella) viridis ♂; Perty; Det.J.S. Moure 1972 [mixed handwriten] // Euglossa ; ( Euglossella ); viridis (Perty) ♂; Det I. Hinojosa-Díaz 2012” ( NHML). French Guiana : 1♂, “FRENCH GUIANA; Kourou, Km. 17 SW.; 30 March 1977; D. Roubik, No. 121 [mixed handwritten] // Euglossa ; viridis (Perty) ; det. R. L.Dressler, 1978” ( SEMC) . 1♂, “FRENCH GUIANA; Kourou, Km. 17 SW.; 31 March 1977; D. Roubik, No. 122 [mixed handwritten] // Euglossa ; ( Euglossella ); viridis (Perty) ♂; Det. I. Hinojosa-Díaz 2011” ( SEMC) . 1♂, “ Euglossa sp. cyanura ; 07.03.2006; Anth. Rubrinervum [ex.] // Leg./det.:; Heiko Hentrich; Nouragues, F18; French Guiana , // Euglossa ; ( Euglossella ); viridis (Perty) ♂; Det I. Hinojosa-Díaz 2012” ( SEMC). Guyana : 1♂, “Berbice, Brit. Guiana; October, 1922; e coll. M.D. Havilland; d.d. Collegium Newnhamense // Kartabo,; Brit. Guiana.; B.M.1924-519.” [pinned upside down] // Euglossa ; ( Euglossella ); viridis (Perty) ♂; Det. I. Hinojosa-Díaz 2011” ( NHML) . 1♂, “MAZARUNI:; High Forest. ; 20 viii.1937.[day handwritten] // BRITISH

GUIANA:; Coll. Richards; & Smart.; B.M.1937-776. // “ Euglossa ; ( Euglossella ); viridis (Perty) ♂; Det. I. Hinojosa-Díaz 2011” (NHML). 1♂, “Bartica District; British Guiana; 24. III. 1924 // 1632 ♂ // Gift of New York; Zoo. Soc.,Dept.; Tropical Research; William Beebe.Dir // Euglossa (Euglossella) ; viridis ( Perty, 1833) ; det. J.S. Ascher” (AMNH). 1♂, “Bartica District; British Guiana; Camaria // 30. VI. 1924; Collected by; Jay F.W. Pearson [collector information on underside] // 1640 ♂ // Gift of New York; Zoo. Soc.,Dept.; Tropical Research; William Beebe.Dir // Euglossa (Euglossella) ; viridis ( Perty, 1833) ; det. J.S. Ascher” (AMNH). 4♂♂, as previous except number along gender sign “1636”, “1639”, “1641”, “1643” (AMNH). 1♂, “ BRITISH GUIANA; Kartabo, Bartica; Dist. 1920 [last two digits of year handwritten] // Trop. Research Station; New York Zool. Society; No.201290 [number handwritten] // Gift of New York; Zoo.Soc.,Dept.; Tropical Research; William Beebe.Dir // Euglossa (Euglossella) ; viridis ( Perty, 1833) ; det. J.S. Ascher” (AMNH). 1♂, as previous except number on second label “201260” (AMNH). 1♂, as previous except year “1921” and number on second label “21221” (AMNH). 1♂, “Kartabo; Bartica District; British Guiana; 17-III-1922 [day and month handwritten] // 1641 ♂ // Gift of New York; Zoo.Soc.,Dept.; Tropical Research; William Beebe.Dir // Euglossa (Euglossella) ; viridis ( Perty, 1833) ; det. J.S. Ascher” (AMNH). 1♂, “guiana [handwritten] // Rothschild; Bequest; B.M. 1939-1. // E. ( Euglossella ); viridis ; (Perty); Det.J.S.Moure 1972 [mixed handwritten] // Euglossa ; ( Euglossella ); viridis (Perty) ♂; Det. I. Hinojosa-Díaz 2011” (NHML). Peru [new record]: 1♂, “ PERU, Madre de Dios: Rio; Madre de Dios & Palma; Real, Huisene guardpost; Clearing floor, 400m; 12°25’S 68°51’W?; T. Larsen, V-14, 1999 ” (USNM). Venezuela: 3♂♂, “ VENEZUELA: Amazonas, Cerro; Unturan Camp.; 65°14’W, 01°33’N; 1100m. 11-15.III.89 //Phipps-FUDECI Exped.; by Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist.; D.A. Grimaldi, coll. // Euglossa (Euglossella) ; viridis ( Perty, 1833) ; det. J.S. Ascher” (AMNH). 4♂♂, “ VENEZUELA, Territorio; Amazonas: Santa Lucia; February 4 1984; Rozen & Stupakoff // Euglossa (Euglossella) ; viridis ( Perty, 1833) ; det. J.S. Ascher” (AMNH). 2♂♂, “[Venezuela, Amazonas] Río Cuao,; 12. II. 84; Tree [ex.?][handwritten] // Euglossa ; viridis (Perty) ; Det. R.L. Dressler 1985” (FSCA). 1♂, “[Venezuela] Gavilan; 24. VI. 84; w/o Rubiaceae // Euglossa ; viridis (Perty) ; Det. R.L. Dressler 1985” (FSCA). 1♂, “[Venezuela] Gavilan 27. VI. 84 w/o // Euglossa ; ( Euglossella ); viridis (Perty) ♂; Det I. Hinojosa-Díaz 2012” (FSCA).

COMMENTS: Despite the species name ( viridis being Latin for green), specimens of E. viridis exhibit a noticeable amount of blue-green coloration (even more noticeable than green, depending on the angle of view), forming a pattern (as described above) that seems to generally be stable in the majority of the examined specimens regardless of geographic origin. However, caution must be taken when using the pattern of integumental coloration for identification of the species, as two of the studied specimens exhibit noteworthy deviations from the more typical pattern. One specimen, labeled as from Titirico, Amazonas, Brazil, is plainly green all over, with no evident blue portions, a coloration characteristic of other species in this same group (vide infra). The second anomalous individual, from Juréia, São Paulo, Brazil, lacks green coloration with the integument rather cyan-violet all over, in this respect resembling E. cyanea . Despite the color extremes represented by these two specimens, all other morphological features, particularly the integumental sculpturing of the mesoscutellum and mesepisternum, shape and dimensions of the mesotibial tufts and mesotibial velvety area, and shape of the angle of the mesobasitarsal keel, clearly correspond to those observed for all other specimens of E. viridis .

In E. viridis variation in genitalic structures generally is equivalent to that described for species in the decorata group ( Hinojosa-Díaz & Engel, 2011a), that is to say, the gonostylar secondary lobe, produced by the projection of the dorsal margin adjacent to the ventral lobe (all of this in the lateral section of the gonostylus), is always well developed, although the degree of projection varies among individuals. In some males it is projected beyond the posterior limit of the ventral lobe, while in others it is just slightly shorter than this. The shape of this secondary lobe is not constant, and in some males appears like a strong domelike projection, while in others it may be projected into a trapezoidal shape. Such variation can occur within a single locality and therefore does not seem to be of value in demarcating species, and its function (if it serves any at all) remains entirely unknown.

This species is superficially similar to E. azurea , especially in coloration, although in E. viridis individuals have the blue to blue-purple coloration more noticeable on the first three metasomal terga (with the exception of the two atypical specimens discussed above). In E. azurea the blue coloration tends to cover at least the first four metasomal terga. It is important to note that integumental coloration is rather variable and as such, the cited blue coloration of the metasomal terga alone is insufficient to distinguish these two species. Features that better serve to distinguish these species are described in the comments section for E. azurea (vide infra). Although a description of females of E. viridis was provided by Moure (1960), his material included females from Panama that clearly belong to E. cyanura , as the author at that time considered the latter to be a synonym of E. viridis (vide Comments for E. cyanura , infra). After years of consideration and adopting a staunchly conservative approach, we have been unable to definitively and unequivocally identify females as E. viridis , and the same is true for E. azurea . While the males pose little difficulty, positively associating females caught separately for both species remains a challenge. Accordingly, we provide below a separate account for females of both (vide infra).

Moure (1967b) cited E. viridis as occurring in northern and northeastern Brazil and the Guianas; the species has also been reported from Colombia, Venezuela, and Ecuador (Bonilla-Gómez & Nates-Parra, 1992; Moure et al., 2007; Ramírez et al., 2002), as well as from southeastern Brazil ( Nemésio, 2009). The reports from Colombia and Ecuador were not confirmed in this study as no specimens from those countries were available, although such areas likely do host the species, particularly in the western and southwestern areas of Colombia. However, the records cited by Bonilla-Gómez & Nates-Parra (1992) and Ramírez et al. (2002) for Colombia could also correspond to E. celiae , a species newly described herein (vide infra). The Ecuador references in Ramírez et al. (2002) are possibly of E. subandina , another species newly established in the present work (vide infra), as all of the specimens belonging to this newly described species were labeled as E. viridis in one of the collections (FSCA) visited by those authors. Records cited for this species from Panama ( Ramírez et al., 2002) are based on the early synonymic assumptions of Moure (1960) for the species with E. cyanura . We present above the first published record for the species from Peru, and while the reported presence of E. viridis in Bolivia ( Moure et al., 2007) is consistent with the observed distribution, we have not seen any Bolivian specimens. Some of the records cited previous to this study possibly correspond to (or include specimens of) E. azurea . As documented here, records for E. viridis are known from Venezuela, the Guianas, southeastern Peru, and north, northeastern, and southeastern Brazil ( Fig. 170 ), and it is likely present in west-central Brazil as well.

Figures

Figure 170. Collection localities for species of Euglossella Moure, viridis and mandibularis species groups [also showing localities for females attributable only to Euglossa (Euglossella) viridis (Perty)/azurea Ducke]. Locality points are based on examined specimens.

Figures 1–2. Euglossa (Euglossella) viridis (Perty), male. 1. Dorsal habitus. 2. Lateral habitus.

Figures 3–9. Euglossa (Euglossella) viridis (Perty), male. 3. Facial aspect. 4. Mesotibial tufts. 5. Outer view of hind leg. 6. Lateral part of mesepisternum. 7. Mesoscutellum. 8. Proximal section of mesobasitarsus. 9. Dorsal view of metasomal terga.

Figures 144–154. Outer view of mesotibiae of males of species of Euglossella Moure, viridis and mandibularis species groups. 144. Euglossa (Euglossella) viridis (Perty). 145. E. (E.) azurea Ducke. 146. E. (E.) celiae, new species. 147. E. (E.) cyanea Friese. 148. E. (E.) subandina, new species. 149. E. (E.) polita Ducke. 150. E. (E.) perviridis Dressler. 151. E. (E.) cyanura Cockerell. 152. E. (E.) granti Cheesman. 153. E. (E.) mandibularis Friese. 154. E. (E.) bigibba Dressler.

Figures 10–11. Male terminalia of Euglossa (Euglossella) viridis (Perty). 10. Seventh metasomal sternum, ventral aspect. 11. Eighth metasomal sternum, ventral aspect. 12. Eighth metasomal sternum, lateral aspect. 13. Genitalic capsule, dorsal aspect. 14. Genitalic capsule, ventral aspect. 15. Genitalic capsule, lateral aspect.