Adenochloa hymeniochila (Nees) Zuloaga

Vorontsova, Maria S., 2018, Revision of the group previously known as Panicum L. (Poaceae: Panicoideae) in Madagascar, Candollea 73 (2), pp. 143-186 : 147

1. Adenochloa hymeniochila (Nees) Zuloaga in Pl. Syst. Evol. 301: 1697. 2014 ( Fig. 1A ).

≡ Panicum hymeniochilum Nees, Fl. Afr. Austral. Ill.: 46. 1841 .

Lectotypus (designated by ZULOAGA, 2014: 1702): SOUTH AFRICA. Natal: “ in graminosis inter Omsamculo et Omcomas alt 500 ft ”, s.d., Drège 4247 ( P [ P00444247 ]!; isolectotype: K [ K000282468 ]!) .

= Panicum glanduliferum K. Schum. in Abh. Naturwiss. Vereine Bremen 9: 401. 1887 . Holotypus: MADAGASCAR: “ Im Sümpfen ohne genauere Standortsangabe ”, 8.XI.1877, C. Rutenberg s.n. (not found) .

– Panicum adenotrichum Boivin in Rev. Madagascar 8: 837. 1906 [nom. nud.].

Aquatic rhizomatous prostrate annual herb, branching and rooting at nodes, to 2 m long, the culms and nodes glabrous to pilose with simple and clavellate trichomes. Leaf sheaths glabrous to pilose with simple and clavellate trichomes. Ligule a ciliolate membrane. Leaf blades linear-lanceolate, flat, chartaceous, broad at base, 1– 10 × 0.1 –0.7 cm, drying yellow-green, usually deflexed, sometimes spreading, glabrous to pilose with simple and clavellate trichomes on both sides. Panicles terminal, fully exserted on a peduncle 1–10 cm long, 4–10 cm long, ovate, the branches spreading almost at right angles at maturity, with gland-tipped trichomes visible with a hand lens, the secondary branches often contracted and the spikelets appressed to primary panicle branches. Spikelets usually paired, oblong, apically obtuse, 2–2.5(–3) mm long, green to purple, never gaping open. Lower glume 1/3 – 2/3 as long as the spikelet, narrow, chartaceous, apically obtuse to acute, 1-veined, glabrous. Upper glume as long as the spikelet, herbaceous, 5–9-veined, glabrous. Lower floret barren, with no palea. Lower lemma herbaceous, 5–9-veined, glabrous. Upper lemma smooth, shiny, pale.

Distribution and ecology. – African species common in streams in central and eastern parts of Madagascar at 500–1800 m ( Fig. 2A ), stems and leaves partly submerged.

Notes. – Recognised by its aquatic habitat, spreading or reflexed inflorescence branches and leaves, and oblong spikelet shape. Characteristic clavellate trichomes on the inflorescence branches are visible with a hand lens.

The name “ Panicum adenotrichum ” appears to originate from a single herbarium specimen (P [P00450266]) and was published without a description.

This species is illustrated in BOSSER (1969: Fig. 120a-e as P. glanduliferum ) and in ZULOAGA et al. (2015: Fig. 5 ).

Additional material examined. – MADAGASCAR. Prov. Antananarivo: Nanisana , III.1906, Alleizette 778 ( P [ P02608876 ]) ; parc de Tsimbazaza , 4.VIII.1950, Benoist 41 ( TAN) ; parc de Tsimbazaza , 22.II.1951, Benoist 734 ( P [ P02608865 ]) ; Manjakandriana , la Mandraka , 15.IV.1951, Benoist 1907 ( P [ P02608866 ]) ; La Mandraka , 3.IV.1951, Benoist 1909 ( P [ P02608874 ]) ; PK 11 rte Tananarive à Antsirabe , 19.VI.1951, Benoist 1938 ( P [ P02608873 ]) ; PK 11 rte Antsirabe env. de Tananarive , km 11 de la rte d’Antsirabe, 30.III.1951, Benoist s.n. ( P [ P02608862 ]) ; parc de Tsimbazaza , IX.1960, Bosser 14928 ( P [ P02608853 ], TAN) ; Tampoketsa d’Ankazobe , VI.1964, Bosser 19754 ( P [ P02608867 ]) ; Ranobé, près Sirabé , 1895, Forsyth-Major s.n. ( G [ G00418811 ]) ; ferme de Kianjasoa , 20.V.1937, Herb. Jard. Bot. Tan. 2519 ( P [ P02608883 ]) ; Nanisana , 21.II.1933, Herb. Jard. Bot. Tan. 32455 ( P [ P02608877 ], TAN) ; Ankazobe tampoketsa au N de Ankazobe , 8.VII.1928, Humbert & Swingle 4461 ( P [ P03487889 ]) ; Kianjasoa , X.1963, Morat 154 ( TAN) ; Antsirabe Ville , VI.1913, Perrier de la Bâthie 15836 ( P [ P02608869 ]) ; E slope of Ankaratra , W of Ambatolampy , 19°22'S 47°17'E, 11.III.1987, Phillipson 1584 ( K [ K000805472 ], P [ P02608863 ], TAN) ; env. 100 km à l’E de Antananarivo, étang à 5 km à l’W de Moramanga, 18°55'22"S 48°10'48"E, 6.II.2000, Raynal-Roques & Jérémie 24940 ( K [ K000805470 ]) ; Nanisana , 18.III.1906, Rotereau s.n. ( P [ P02373566 ]) . Prov. Fianarantsoa: Fort-Carnot , région Tanala , Anon. 95 ( P [ P06795922 ]) ; Besorohitra , VII.1951, Bosser 1548 ( TAN) ; province de Mananjary, III.1909, Geay 7813 ( P [ P02608881 ]) ; road RN45 15 km from junction with RN7 towards Ranomafana, 21°17'S 47°19'E, 28.X.2011, Hall et al. 51 ( K, TAN) ; Ambalavao , R.N. 5 Sendrisoa , 19.III.1952, Herb. Inst. Sci. Mada. 8985 ( TAN) ; Itremo, Antanimenaha , 20°31'41"S 46°33'55"E, 20.III.2013, Nanjarisoa & Andriamampionona 68 ( K, TAN) ; Itremo, Mandimbizaka , juste à coté de la pépinière de la NAP à Mandimbizaka , 20°35'46"S 46°18'51"E, 14.II.2014, Nanjarisoa et al. 100 ( K, TAN) ; Ambositra , Perrier de la Bâthie 31 ( K [ K000805471 ]) ; env. d’Ambositra , V.1912, Perrier de la Bâthie 10852 ( P [ P02608870 ]) ; Sendrisoa , RN 5 , district Ambalavao , 19.III.1952, Réserves Naturelles 3985 ( P [ P00224763 ]) ; Andringitra NP, Belambo camp , 22°08'45"S 46°53'28"E, 26.X.2011, Vorontsova et al. 602 ( K, TAN) ; Andranovorivato, 35 km before Fianarantsoa, 21°39'30"S 46°59'02"E, 27.X.2011, Vorontsova et al. 615 ( K, TAN) ; Antsirakambiaty, Itremo Protected Area , 20°35'42"S 46°33'47"E, 12.III.2012, Vorontsova et al. 727 ( K, TAN) ; Isalo NP , Namaza Riv. bank above Namaza camp , 22°32'20"S 45°22'43"E, 16.XII.2013, Vorontsova et al. 1297 ( TAN) ; Itremo NAP , Anovitrinimpirahavavy stream , Antsirakambiaty , 20°35'45"S 46°33'47"E, 19.V.2014, Vorontsova & Nanjarisoa 1534 ( K, TAN) . Prov. Mahajanga: Bealanana: Betainkankana , Ankaizina , V.1952, Bosser 2827 ( TAN) ; vallée de la Betsiboka : en avant de Maevatanana , près de Mahatsinjo , 5.VII.1928, Humbert 4461 ( P [ P02608879 ]) ; Firingalava entre Maevatanana et Andriba , VII.1898, Perrier de la Bâthie 643 ( P [ P02608872 ]) . Prov. Toamasina: Ste Marie de Madagascar , V.1847, Boivin 1618 ( P [ P00450266 ]) ; PK 54 rte Moramanga Anosibe , Centre E , IX.1953, Bosser 6610 ( TAN) ; Lac Alaotra , Herb. Jard. Bot.Tan. 3392 ( P [ P02608868 ]) ; Manakambahiny, Atsinanana, canton Manakambahiny-Est , district Ambatondrazaka , 24.XII.1962, Rakotovao 12354 ( P [ P02307397 ]) ; Ambatondrazaka, Andaingo Gara, Bembary , Marovoay , ilôt au milieu du lac Bembary , 3.II.2010, Randriambololomamonjy et al. 476 ( P [ P06768572 ]) ; Tamatave , 13.VII.1964, Tateoka 3585 ( P [ P02608855 ], TAN) ; Moramanga, Mantadia PN , Sahanody Riviere , 12 km from Falierana park entrance, 18°48'37"S 48°25'40"E, 8.X.2011, Vorontsova et al. 323 ( K, TAN) . Prov. Toliara: gorge plateaux et vallées de Isalo , gorges de Sakamarekely et Sambalinieto , 19.X.1924, Humbert 2870 ( K [ K000805473 ], P [ P06795923 ], TAN) . Sine loco: Anon. s.n. ( P [ P03487890 ]) ; s.d., Cours s.n. ( P [ P02608854 ]) ; 7.III.1945, Cours 2717 ( K [ K000805474 ], P [ P02608861 ]) ; du Petit-Thouars s.n. ( P [ P02608882 ]) .

Figures

Fig. 1. – A. Adenochloa hymeniochila (Nees) Zuloaga; B. Panicum andringitrense A. Camus; C. Panicum brevifolium L.; D. Panicum cinctum Hack. [A: Vorontsova et al. 602; B: Vorontsova et al. 1292; C: Unvouchered photo, Andasibe-Mantadia National Park, Madagascar; D: Rakotoarisoa & Randrianavosoa SNGF 2920] [Photos: A–C: M.S. Vorontsova; D: S. Rakotoarisoa]

Fig. 2. – Distribution maps. A. Adenochloa hymeniochila (Nees) Zuloaga (stars), Panicum ambositrense A. Camus (triangles), P. andringitrense A. Camus (circles) and P. ankarense A. Camus (squares); B. Panicum brevifolium L. (stars), P. capuronii A. Camus (triangle), P. cinctum Hack. (circles) and P. crystalinum Judz. & Voronts. (squares).

Fig. 5. – Panicum capuronii A. Camus. A. Habit; B. Ligule; C. Panicle branch; D. Spikelet; E. Lower glume, dorsal view; F. Upper glume, ventral view; G. Upper glume, dorsal view; H. Lower lemma, ventral view; I. Lower lemma, dorsal view; J. Lower palea, ventral view; K. Lower palea, dorsal view; L. Upper floret, ventral view; M. Upper lemma, ventral view; N. Upper lemma, dorsal view; O. Upper palea, ventral view; P. Upper palea, dorsal view. [Humbert 29717, P] [Drawing: Lucy T. Smith]